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Name: ________________________________________AP Human Geography Review Packet

Unit 1: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives

Identify the following map projections:1.

Match the following:

2. A computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic information

3. The forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans

4. The spread of an idea or innovation from its source

5. Interactions between human societies and the physical environment

6. A space-based global navigation satellite system

7. The physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture

8. The small or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, either in recording or real team

a. cultural diffusionb. cultural ecologyc. cultural landscaped. environmental determinisme. GISf. GPSg. Remote sensing

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9. Formal region

10. Functional region

11. Vernacular region

a. Monroe Townshipb. The Home News and Tribunec. New Jerseyd. The Southe. An airline hubf. Rust Belt

Multiple Choice:12. The “why of where” refers to

a. geography’s emphasis on landscape features.b. Spatial patterns on the landscape.c. a definition of geography that is simply locational.d. the idea that the explanation of a spatial pattern is crucial.e. the depiction of a region’s physical features.

13. Which of the following sets of maps would help explain how scale of inquiry affects truth?

a. maps showing the area of France before and after surveyingb. maps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and by the earliest

European travelersc. maps showing Michigan’s population density by counties and the

United States population density by stated. maps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the

decades before and after the Great Depressione. maps of gang graffiti in Philadelphia

14. The linking of places by common traits or characteristics is defined as

a. place.b. location.c. region.d. area.e. zone.

15. What geographical approach suggests that humans possess the ability to dominate their environment rather than they are defined by the environment?

a. Animistic approachb. Temperate approachc. Environmental determinist approachd. Socioecology approache. Possibilist approach

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16. What is the term for the phenomenon that the farther a feature moves from a hearth, the less dominant it is?

a. Central placeb. Concentric circlec. Regional analysisd. Distance decaye. Sequent occupance

17. Which type of map would have the largest scale?a. World mapb. Continent mapc. Country mapd. Regional mape. City map

18. Which term refers to the physical character of a location?a. Situationb. Sitec. Relative Locationd. Absolute Locatione. Place

19. Seattle is located on Puget Sound in northwestern Washington. It has a large university, a famous downtown market, and a moist, marine climate. Seattle’s primary economic activities include ship and aircraft construction and high-technology enterprises. This information gives us a description of Seattle’s

a. Situationb. Cognitive image.c. Site.d. Landscape.e. Relative distance.

20. 1:100,000 is an example of what type of scale?a. Wordb. Line statementc. Fractionald. Small Scalee. Large Scale

21. What is the difference between GPS and GIS?a. GPS uses GIS data.b. GIS used GPS data to determine location.c. GPS is the layering of data, whereas GIS is the gathering of data.d. GIS is the layering of data, whereas GPS is the gathering of data.e. GPS correlates with GIS, but GIS does not correlate with GPS.

22. Rap music first appeared in New York in the 1970s. Later it spread to large cities with vibrant African American populations—Los Angeles, Oakland,

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Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit—without being absorbed by the smaller cities and rural areas in between. This type of spatial diffusion is called

a. Relocation diffusionb. Hierarchical diffusionc. Contagious diffusiond. Cultural diffusione. Cascade diffusion

Free Response Question:

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Unit 2: Population and Migration

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Label each of the following population pyramids as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 or Stage 5 of the demographic transition:

24.

25.

Label each of the following Detroit, MI; Laredo, Texas, Lawrence, KS; Naples, FL; Unalaska, AK; or USA:

26.

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27.

Multiple Choice:28. Two thirds of the world’s population is clustered in four regions. Which of

the following is not one of these four regions?

a. East Asiab. Southeast Asiac. Sub-Saharan Africad. Europee. South Asia

29. Assuming the world population of 5,700,000,000 and an annual growth rate of 1.6%, how many people will be added to the world’s population in the next year?

a. 912,000b. 9,120,000c. 91,200,000d. 912,000,000e. 9,120,000,000

30. The population of the United States is approximately 300 million, and the land area is approximately 9 million square kilometers. The arithmetic density of the United States is approximately

a. 30 square kilometers per person.b. 30 persons per square kilometer.

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c. 0.03 square kilometers per person.d. 0.03 persons per square kilometer. e. 300 persons per square kilometer.

31. What stage of the demographic transition model to most demographers agree the United States is in?

a. Stage 1b. Stage 2c. Stage 3d. Stage 4e. Stage 5

32. Which of the following is considered to be in the five primary areas of population density in the world?

a. South Asia, including India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.b. Eastern South America, including Argentina and Uruguay.c. Sub-Saharan Africad. Northern Europe, including Finland.e. Central Asia, including western China and Mongolia.

33. What reason best explains why the rate of natural increase is greater in less developed countries than in more developed countries?

a. In less developed countries, people have fewer children due to having an industrial society.

b. In more developed countries, people have more children due to having an agricultural society.

c. In less developed countries, people have more children due to having an agricultural society.

d. In more developed countries, people have fewer children because children are economic assets.

e. In less developed countries, people have fewer children due to having a tertiary society.

34. A person is trying to move from Miami to San Diego but decides to stop and stay in Dallas. This is an example of what?

a. Intervening obstacleb. Intervening opportunityc. Voluntary Migrationd. Environmental pull factore. Distance Decay

35. Country Populationville has a crude birth rate of 25 and a crude death rate of 13, while the Country of Demograville has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 25. Which country will experience the fastest natural increase rate?

a. Neither of them will, because Populationville has a natural increase rate above 2.

b. Populationville will, because its crude birth rate is higher.

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c. Demograville will, because its crude birth rate is higher.d. Populationville will, because its crude death rate is lower.e. Demograville will, because its difference between the two rates is

greatest.

36. The idea that once a culture locates in another area, the original customs and traditions eventually die out or are less strong, is best characterized by which term?

a. Place utilityb. Acculturation c. Distance Decayd. Transhumancee. Gravity Model

37. Which of the following is the result of chain migration?a. The African slave tradeb. French colonial rulec. The formation of Israeld. San Francisco’s Chinatowne. Colonization of the American frontier

38. Which statement would best fit the Gravity Model in relation to migration?a. New York and Los Angeles are closely linked based on their distance.b. New York and Los Angeles are not linked at all because of their

distance.c. New York and Los Angeles are linked due to their populations.d. New York and Los Angeles are not linked due to their populations.e. New York and Los Angeles are linked due to their proximity to ports.

39. Which of the following means of population growth deterrence has been the most successful?

a. Increasing the death rate as in the Sudan.b. Decreasing the birth rate as in the United States.c. Increasing government laws as in China.d. Decreasing government laws as in the United States.e. Decreasing the death rate as in India.

40. Which of the following countries can you assume has the greatest demographic momentum based on its crude birth rate and crude death rate?

a. Mozambique: 41 Birth rate and 20 death rateb. Tanzania: 42 Birth rate and 17 death ratec. Ethiopia: 39 Birth rate and 15 death rated. Zimbabwe: 30 Birth rate and 23 death ratee. Reunion: 19 Birth rate and 5 death rate

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41. The ability of a resource base to sustain its population

42. A population shift from urban to rural areas

43. The number of working-age people compared to the number of people too old or too young to work

44. CBR-CDR per thousand

45. Migration within a state

46. Migration between states

47. The difference between in-migration and out-migration

48. The process by which immigrants from a particular place follow others from that place to another place

49. Flight of talented people away from an area

a. brain drain

b. carrying capacity

c. chain migration

d. counterurbanization

e. dependency ratio

f. external migration

g. infant mortality rate

h. internal migration

i. natural increase rate

j. net migration

k. total fertility rate

50. Number of children a woman is likely to have

51. Number of deaths under the age of 2 per thousand

Identify each of the following as a “pull” factor or a “push” factor:

52. Ethnic cleansing

53. Natural disaster

54. Available jobs

55. war

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56. chain migration

57. overpopulation

Free Response Question:58. In 1798 Thomas Robert Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of

Population in which he argued that population growth will inevitably outpace food production, resulting in widespread famine.

a. Identify and explain TWO reasons why some geographers today believe Malthus’ theory can be used to predict future population issues.

b. Identify and explain TWO reasons why some geographers today believe Malthus’ theory cannot be used to predict future population issues.

59.

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Unit III: Cultural Patterns and Processes

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Classify each of the following religions as monotheistic or polytheistic and ethnic or universalizing, and indicate their hearth region.

60.Religion Mono/Polytheistic Ethnic/Universalizing Hearth RegionBuddhism

Hinduism

Islam

Judaism

Mormonism

Orthodox ChristianityProtestantism

Roman Catholicism

Classify each of the following as folk culture or popular culture:

61. The Amish62. Sports63. Small scale64. Large scale65. Slow change66. Rapid change67. Relocation Diffusion68. Cultural Homogeneity69. traditional diet70. McDonalds71. blue jeans72. Modern communication

Multiple Choice:73. All of the following twentieth-century migration streams were propelled by

persecution or open conflict except

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a. Asians leaving Uganda.b. Kosovars leaving Yugoslavia.c. Tutsis leaving Rwanda.d. Hindus leaving Pakistan.e. Mexicans leaving Mexico.

74. If four languages have similar words for numbers and the names of fish, but different names for a certain disease, what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused?

a. The disease spread among a population that later divided and evolved into four different languages.

b. The population divided and evolved into the four different languages, and then the disease spread.

c. The disease spread to two different populations that later divided into different languages.

d. The disease and language spread to four different regions at the same time at the same rate.

e. No conclusion is possible.

75. Which of the following correctly sequences the continuum from language family to dialect?

a. Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Arabic, Berberb. Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Mandarin, Chinesec. Indo-European, Baltic-Slavic, Russian, Ukraniand. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Hindi, Bengalie. e. Indo-European, Germanic, English, Midland-Northern

76. Contact zones between religions are most likely to be volatile when they area. inhabited by two major groups with divergent religions beliefs.b. made up of three or more religious groups.c. characterized by considerable interaction between religious groups.d. also language contact zones.e. associated with competing ethnonational claims to territory.

77. ________is to Canada as ___________ is to the United States.

a. French; Englishb. French; Spanishc. presidential government; parliamentary government d. conflict over ethnicity; conflict over languagee. northern hemisphere, southern hemisphe

78. Mexico is

i. the largest number of legal immigrants to the United Statesii. the largest number of illegal immigrants to the United States

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iii. a member of NAFTAiv. a member of the OASv. predominantly Catholic

a. ii, vb. i, iii, vc. ii, iii, vd. i, ii, iii, ve. i, ii, iii, iv, v

79. What is the world’s fastest-growing religion?a. Christianityb. Hinduismc. Islamd. Buddhisme. Judaism

80. Which of the following best exemplifies folk culture?a. A dialect that is similar in two different regions of the country.b. The purchasing of rap music by white suburban youth.c. Cajun music.d. Eating Chinese food in New York City.e. The burial of the dead.

81. The most widespread language family on Earth is thea. Sino-Tibetan.b. Romance.c. Germanic.d. Indo-European.e. Mandarin Chinese

82. People in London, Melbourne, Vancouver, and Mumbai all speaka. a pidgin language.b. Lingua francas.c. Different dialects.d. Official languages.e. Different creoles.

83. Acculturation is a common cause ofa. Illiteracy.b. Language extinction.c. Assimilation.d. Creolization.

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e. Cultural diffusion.

84. A good example of a monolingual country would be a. Japan.b. Canada.c. Switzerland.d. South Africa.e. Turkey.

85. When European settlers established relations with Native Americans, a new language was created to ease translation for both groups. What is the language called?

a. Constitutional languageb. Pidgin languagec. Creole language d. Official languagee. Indigenous language

86. The modern game of soccer spread to many parts of the world because of British colonization. This is an example of what type of diffusion

a. Expansionb. Hierarchicalc. Relocationd. Stimuluse. Contagious


87. At the same time that English is solidifying its role as the word’s premier lingua franca, lesser-used minority languages (such as Welsh, Basque, and Inuktitut) are undergoing revival.

Discuss three distinct factors promoting the revival of minority languages in the face of globalization.

Unit IV: Political Organization of Space

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88. Put the following in order from the largest to the smallest: census tract, county, municipality, nation-state, province, empire

89. Match the following: (Korea, Japan, Indonesia)

Nation-state

Multi-nation state

Multi-state nation


90. Compact state

91. Elongated state

92. Prorupted state

93. Peforated state

94. Fragmented state

95. Landlocked state

a. Afghanistan

b. Indonesia

c. Nicaragua

d. South Africa

e. Vatican City

f. Vietnam

96. Identify 5 forward capitals and why they were changed:

97. Match the following (some states have more than one answer):

unitary statefederal stateconfederal state a. Canada

b. France

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c. Germanyd. Mexico

e. Switzerlandf. USA

98. Place the following colonial powers under the appropriate heading: Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal

Africa, 1850 Africa, 1900 Africa, 1950

99. Label each boundary physical or cultural and give an example

Boundary physical or cultural exampleMountain

Language

Religion

River

Geometric

The Green Line

Multiple Choice:100. A _______ is a group of people with a common political identity, and a ______

is a country with recognized borders.a. territory, federalismb. nation, territoryc. state, nationd. nation, statee. territory, state

101. The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of

a. pressure groupsb. nation-statesc. centrifugal organizationsd. supranational organizationse. federations

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102. Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states?

a. European Union (EU)b. Organizations of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)d. Association of Caribbean States (ACS)e. United Nations (UN)

103. The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea give coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones?

a. twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone and part of the Arctic Circleb. export processing zone (EPZ)c. 200-nautical-mile- exclusive economic zoned. empowerment zonee. continental shelf

104. An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to

a. grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation.

b. encourage the breakup of the superpower alliances.c. govern compact states more effectively.d. deploy scarce resources efficiently.e. meet all of the above needs.

105. Which of the following states is the best example of an enclave?a. Lesothob. Gambiac. Brazild. Papua New Guineae. Belize

106. Hitler’s nationalist/expansionist philosophies drew in part from a. Self-determination.b. Sound historical evidence.c. Organic geopolitical theory.d. Rimland theory.e. Heartland theory.

107. The Berlin Wall is a good example of a(n) a. Demarcation line

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b. Subsequent boundary drawn by European powers.c. Superimposed boundary created by communist Europe.d. Geometric boundary using latitude and longitude.e. Antecedent boundary located within an urban area.

108. Which international organization could best be incorporated into Spykman’s rimland theory?

a. United Nationsb. European Unionc. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)d. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)e. Warsaw Pact

109. The border between the United States and Canada along the 49th parallel is an example of what type of boundary?

a. Subsequent boundaryb. Antecedent boundaryc. Superimposed boundaryd. Relic boundarye. Demarcation of a boundary

110. The United Nations’ International Law of the Sea gave countries access to drill for mineral rights up to how many miles from shore?

a. 3 miles.b. 10 miles.c. 12 miles.d. 100 miles.e. 200 miles.

111. _______________boundaries characterize much of Africa as they ignore cultural and tribal differences across space.

a. Superimposedb. Subsequentc. Coloniald. Antecedente. Territorial

112. When voting districts are redrawn in such a way that they purposely favor a political party, they have been

a. salamandered.b. reapportioned.c. redistricted.d. gerrymandered.e. reelected.

113. Southeast Asia from the 1950s through the 1970s was considered a a. theocracy.

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b. nation-state.c. shatterbelt.d. regional conflict.e. microstate.

Free Response Questions:

114. The viability of any state depends on a balance between centripetal and centrifugal forces. A. Define the concepts of “centripetal force” and “centrifugal force.”B. Give a specific example of and explain a centripetal force that affects the viability of any of the states shown on the map above.C. With reference to a different specific example, explain a centrifugal force that affects the viability of any of the states shown on the map above.

Unit V: Agriculture and Rural Land Use

Matching:

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115. Coincided with the Industrial Revolution a. First Agricultural Revolution

116. Includes genetically altered crops b. Second Agricultural Revolution

117. Introduced seed agriculture c. Third Agricultural Revolution

118. Completely Labor Intensive

119. Transportation networks improved

120. and productivity increased

121. Coincided with animal domestication

122. Highly industrialized, automated operations

Identify the Type of Agriculture and if it is in Developed or Developing123.

124.

125.

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Multiple Choice:126. In what zone of von Thunen’s model would the fruit production method of

farming best fit?a. Market gardeningb. Dairyc. Livestock fatteningd. Commercial grainse. Livestock ranching

127. What type of survey pattern of farming would be found in the Louisiana or Mississippi Delta region of the United States?

a. Township and rangeb. Dispersed villagec. Metes and boundsd. Nucleated formate. Long lots

128. Which crop started the Third Agricultural Revolution?a. Cornb. Wheatc. Riced. Sorghume. Manioc

129. Which of the following is NOT a form of commercial farming?a. Grain farmingb. Fruit farmingc. Mediterranean agricultured. Livestock ranchinge. Slash-and-burn farming

130. The majority of the world’s population that is involved in agriculture is involved in what type of agriculture?

a. Pastoral nomadismb. Mediterranean agriculturec. Shifting Cultivationd. Subsistence farminge. Plantation Agriculture

131. The Tuareg people of the Sahara and their animals seasonally migrate to the higher lands in the summer and the valleys in the winter. This is an example of

a. Pastoral nomadismb. Livestock ranching

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c. Livestock fatteningd. Dairy farminge. Transhumance

132. Which statement accurately describes the recent trend(s) in agriculture in the United States?

a. The average size of the farm is decreasing.b. The number of the family-owned farms continues to increase.c. The total revenue of agricultural sales is becoming more concentrated

in fewer large corporate farms.d. The cost of converting a conventional farm into a farm growing

certified organic crops is relatively quick and easy.e. Sustainable farms make up only a small percentage of total

agricultural sales and their numbers are declining.

133. Agribusiness has had all of the following effects on agriculture, excepta. the farm is no longer the center of agricultural activity.b. transnational corporations often control agricultural activity abroad.c. family farmers, through increasing technology, are producing goods

for the global economy.d. agriculture had become a multilevel process of production,

processing, marketing and consumption.e. some corporations essentially dictate agricultural production in other

countries besides their own.

134. The process of growing crops in subsistence areas for sale in more developed countries is what type of farming?

a. Slash and Burn farmingb. Plantation agriculturec. Intensive subsistence agricultured. Shifting cultivatione. Commercial agriculture


135. Von Thunen’s model of land use and Burgess’ model of land use are similar in appearance but different in their geographic setting. Analyze and discuss the two models in terms of each of the following:

A. For each of these models, identify the type of land use the model addresses.

B. Identify two assumptions that are shared by both models.C. For each of these models, explain how relative location affects land-

use patterns.

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Unit VI: Industrialization and Economic Development

Label each of the following as bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in time

136. Soft drink bottling137. Brewing138. Nickel smelting139. Baking140. Automobile assembly141. Autoparts manufacturing 142. Electronics manufacturing 143. Call centers

Label each of the following as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quarternary economic activity:

144. Extract natural resources from the environment 145. Transform raw materials into finished products146. Involve the collection, processing, and manipulation of information147. Involve the exchange of goods and the provision of services148. Involve the production of fresh produce for urban markets


149. High terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibilitya.

airplane

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150. High terminal cost, low line cost, high route flexibility b. railroadc. ship

151. High terminal cost, low line cost, low route flexibility d. truck

152. Low terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibility

153. Label the five stages of Rostow’s model and briefly describe the characteristics

Stage 1-

Stage 2-

Stage 3-

Stage 4-

Stage 5-

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low:

154. Standard of living155. CBR156. CDR157. NIR158. Life expectancy159. Literacy160. GDP161. Gender Empowerment Measure162. Pollution163. Job in the informal sector

Multiple Choice:164. Which form of transportation would most likely be used to haul fruit from

Central America to markets in the United States?a. Truckb. Trainc. Planed. Pipelinee. Ship

165. The most important cost in Weber’s least cost theory isa. transportation costs.b. labor costs.c. infrastructure costs.d. Energy production costs.

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e. Land plot costs.

166. What concept suggest that less developed countries are still economically dependent upon more developed countries for their economic livelihood?

a. Postcolonialismb. Precolonialismc. Neocolonialismd. Natocolonialisme. Market orientation

167. Which of the following would most likely increase the cost of transportation the most?

a. Refrigerationb. Sizec. Weightd. Finished Producte. Volume

168. The Industrial Revolution a. began in Germany in the 16th century.b. was initiated by Henry Ford.c. began in England in the 18th century.d. reached its peak in the 1970s.e. began in the United States in the early 20th century.

169. Which of the following is used to determine the Human Development Index for economic development?

a. Contagionb. Gender inequalitiesc. Literacy Rated. Resource orientatione. Natural increase rate

170. The transfer of an automobile from a train to a truck at a distribution point is a good example of a (n)

a. Gross national product.b. Growth pole.c. Outsourcing.d. Break-of-bulk point.e. Carrier efficiency.

171. Special economic zones (SEZs) are most common in which country?a. Japanb. Chinac. Great Britaind. Brazile. Russia

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172. An industry such as potato chips, which uses potatoes and salt as raw materials, is a good example of what?

a. Variable costsb. Fixed costsc. Weight-gaining industryd. Ubiquitous costse. Weight-reducing industry

173. The clustering of financial firms on Wall Street in New York is an example of

a. least-cost theory.b. agglomeration.c. deindustrialization.d. ancillary industry.e. central-place theory.

174. Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands and the North American Manufacturing Belts?

a. The increased percentage of women in the labor forceb. Competition from foreign importsc. Environmental legislationd. The formation of free trade associationse. The decline of labor unions

175. In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the United States except

a. Immigration from Latin America.b. High levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West.c. Cheap land and labor.d. Climatic changes leading to colder northern winters.e. The increasing demand for retirement and resort centers.

176. Mexico’s maquiladoras are examples ofa. offshore financial centers.b. transnationals. c. brick and mortar businesses.d. export-processing zones.e. ancillary activities.

177. Which world-class city is the best example of an entrepot?a. Shanghai

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b. Dubaic. Sao Paolod. Madride. Singapore

Free-Response Question178.

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Unit VII: Cities and Urban Land Use

Label each country with either the rank-size rule or the primate city rule:

179. Canada180. France181. Germany182. India183. South Korea184. United States

Multiple Choice:185. According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a

population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population ofa. 9 million.b. 8 million.c. 7.5 million.d. 5 million.e. 3.5 million.

186. Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because

a. European cannot afford cars.b. European governments subsidize public transit.c. Density is lower.d. The central city contains fewer high rises.e. Suburbs are built at subway terminals.

187. The first cities arose ina. Ancient Greece.b. Hearths of early agriculture.c. The Indian subcontinent.d. Central Mexico.e. Near the equator.

188. The attraction of the call center industry to locate in India can best be explained by

a. Low wages and wide use of English.b. Low wages and geographic situational factors.c. Wide use of English and the large number of working students.d. Indian students’ ability to work at night and geographic situational

factors.e. None of the above.

189. The United Kingdom has established greenbelts around certain cities to prevent what?

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a. Major traffic tie-upsb. Urban Sprawlc. The spread of povertyd. Unbearable pollutione. Race relations from erupting into riots

190. In cities such as Baltimore, inner-city revitalization has transformed ______ into gentrified urban neighborhoods.

a. suburbsb. central business districtsc. edge citiesd. ghettose. agglomerations

191. According to Ullman and Harris’s multiple nuclei model, what develops at the outskirts of core cities?

a. Airportsb. nucleated citiesc. Edge citiesd. World Citiese. First-ring suburbs

192. Classic _________ cities have narrow, winding streets, open-air markets, many dead-ends, and courtyards surrounded by high walls.

a. medieval Europeanb. Hinduc. Latin Americand. Islamice. colonial

193. What city were the concentric zone model and the sector model based on when they were developed in the early 20th century?

a. Chicagob. Londonc. New York Cityd. Philadelphiae. Boston

194. What do most cities in the developing world have in common?a. Urban areas are ringed by shantytowns.b. The central business district suffers from a lack of resources.c. The wealthy live in a commuter zone on the edge of the city.d. Industry is located next to the central business district.

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e. None of the above.

195. Which one characteristic links megacities?a. Each city has an efficient form of mass transportation.b. Each city has a population of more than 10 million people.c. Each city has a world-class airport with connections to each

continent.d. Each city possesses financial wealth greater than its gross

domestic product.e. Each city follows a model that is focused around the central

business district.

196. Which statement would be the most accurate regarding the bid-rent theory?

a. Land value is the highest in the central business district, and land value decreases with distance from the CBD.

b. Land value is the highest in the suburbs, resulting in bigger houses.

c. More space is available in the urban core due to the plight of the inner city.

d. More space is available in the suburbs due to higher demand for land there.

e. Land value is constant throughout the urban area due to the high demand for residential space there.

197. Latin American cities have what common characteristic in the model developed by Dr. Larry Ford?

a. A spine of high-class housing extending from the city centerb. Dominance of the suburbs in urban growthc. Favelas or squatter settlements in the interior of the central

business districtsd. Three distinct central business districts: colonial,

contemporary/traditional, and market zonese. Transportation systems that ring the city and do not connect to the

central business district

198. Range and threshold are important to commercial establishments becausea. Without a range, there are not enough customers to support the

establishment.b. Without a threshold, the distance is too far for people to go to

partake in the good or services offered.c. The range determines the maximum distance that people are

willing to travel to buy or enjoy something, while the threshold is the minimum number of customers needed for the business to survive.

d. The greater the range, the higher the cost of the item.e. The greater the threshold, the less the cost of the item.

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199. Homer Hoyt’s sector model is based on what fundamental principle?a. Development is based on the location of amenities.b. Development is structured around the central business district.c. Development is based around enterprises such as airports.d. Development is centered around transportation routes.e. Development is independent of the central business district.

200. First tier world cities includea. Tokyo, Mexico City, and Sao Paulo.b. Tokyo, London, New York.c. Paris, Brussels, and Moscow.d. Washington, Moscow, and London.e. Los Angeles, London, and Paris.

201. Which is the illegal process by which real estate agents encourage the sale of homes because people of certain races have moved into a neighborhood?

a. Redliningb. Ghettoizationc. Segregationd. White Flighte. Blockbusting

Free Response Question:202.

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Models you Need to Know:

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