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World Bank

Addendum to Makassar Landfill Gas Project – Social Due Diligence Final Report 31 October 2007 www.erm.com

Delivering sustainable solutions in a more competitive world

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PT. ERM Indonesia Wisma Aldiron Dirgantara, 2nd Floor Jl. Gatot Subroto kav. 238-239Jakarta 12870 Indonesia Telephone +62 21 7918 1904Facsimile +62 21 7918 1905Website: www.erm.com

Client World Bank

Report No

Summary Addendum to Makassar Landfill Gas Project –Social Due Diligence Final Report

Date

1 October 2007

Approved by Karlheinz Spitz President Director Indonesia

Revision Description By Checked Approved Date

This report has been prepared by Environmental Resources Management with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect or any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to any third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk.

Distribution

Internal

Public

Confidential

Delivering sustainable solutions in a more competitive world

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2007

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CONTENTS

1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS 3

1.1 DEMOGRAPHY 3 1.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHRACTERISTICS 4 1.3 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 6 1.4 LAND ACQUISITION 7 1.5 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM 11 1.6 EDUCATION 13

2 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 15

3 CONCLUSIONS 17

APPENDIX - PHOTOS


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TABLES

Table 1.1 Population in Sub-Districts of Makassar 3 Table 1.2 Community Activities around Tamangapa Landfill 4 Table 1.3 Number of Scavengers and Working Hours 5 Table 1.4 Medical Incident Rate 6 Table 1.5 Tamangapa Landfill Area and Capacity 8 Table 1.6 Proposed Expansion Plan for Tamangapa Landfill* 10 Table 1.7 Public Consultation and Communication Process 12 Table 1.8 Number of Students YPKI 14 Table 2.1 Community Development Plan 16


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1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS

1.1 DEMOGRAPHY

The population of Makassar City in 2004 was approximately 1,179,023 consisting of 582,382 men and 596,641 women. The total estimated population in 2007 is approximately 1.5 million. Table 1.1 indicates that the Tamalate sub-district has the highest population (12 %) and the lowest population is in Ujung Pandang (2 %) (www.makassar.go.id)

Table 1.1 Population in Sub-Districts of Makassar

Population Growth of Population No Subdistrict

2000 2004 2005 2000-2004 (%) 2004-2005 1. Mariso 51 003 52 278 52 803 0,62 1,00 2. Mamajang 58 850 56 493 58 875 -1,02 4,22 3. Tamalate 128 329 143 987 144 458 2,92 0,33 4. Rappocini 125 498 136 128 136 725 2,05 0,44 5. Makassar 80 127 79 149 80 383 -0,31 1,56 6. Ujung Pandang 27 765 27 165 27 921 -0,54 2,78 7. Wajo 34 114 32 091 34 137 -1,52 6,38 8. Bontoala 56 875 54 063 56 991 -1,26 5,42 9. Ujung Tanah 44 055 45 491 45 801 0,81 0,68

10. Tallo 115 527 127 648 128 141 2,53 0,39 11. Panakukkang 123 820 129 240 129 524 1,08 0,56 12. Manggala 77 122 92 411 92 524 4,63 0,12 13. Biringkanaya 95 320 118 633 119 818 5,62 1,00 14. Tamalanrea 81 614 84 247 84 890 0,80 0,76

Makassar 1 100 019 1 179 023 1 193 434 1,75 1,22 Source: Statistical Center Unit of Makassar; 2006

Population density ranges from 31,400 persons/km2 in Makassar sub district to 2,600 persons/km2 in Tamalanrea subdistrict.

Scavengers

There are three villages in the close proximity of the landfill. The villages are namely, Kampung Bontoa, Kajengjeng and Kasi. Most of the scavengers live in these villages.

There are about 299 scavengers reported scavenging wastes around Tamangapa landfill area. Most of them are Makassar ethnics (95%), and the rest are Bugis (4%) and Javanese (1%). Besides adults, there are about 48 children who live and operate as scavengers. Most of them dropped out from

http://www.makassar.go.id/


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school; there are only 5 children who are still studying in school. Economic factor is the main reason for them to drop out school.

1.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHRACTERISTICS

Around the landfill area, there are six villages and rainfed paddy field that is harvested only once a year depending on the raifall. Of the six villages, only three of them have direct connection with the landfill activities. The nearest village is located about 0.2 km from the landfill and the furthest is approximately 1 km.

The three villages are Kampung Bontoa, Kasi and Kajengjeng (see Table 1.2).

Table 1.2 Community Activities around Tamangapa Landfill

Related to the Landfill

Community Number of Citizen Ethnicity

Regional Technical

Implementation Unit (UPTD)

Scavenger

Kampung Bontoa (RT04/RW05) 1.256

Makasar, Bugis,

Javanese 2

95 adults 23 children

Kampung Kajengjeng

(RT03/RW06) 985

Makassar, Bugis,

Javanese, Kalimantan

Maluku, Irian

1 53 adults

15 children

Kampung Kasi (RT04/RW03)

1.034

Makassar, Bugis,

Javanese, Kalimantan

Maluku, Irian

3 57 adults

10 children

Huts at landfill location (D Block) - Coming from

Jeneponto 37 people

Outside Tamangapa Area

Outside Tamangapa

Area 9 people

TOTAL 299 people Source : Tamangapa’s Monograph, based on the interview with Chief of Tanmangapa and

Head of Tamangapa UPTD, July 12, 2007

Besides the scavengers from the three of the above villages, nine scavengers came from outside the Tamangapa area, of which four lived in Bangkala, two lin Antang area, and three in Manggala. During the survey for the due diligence, it was observed that 10 families which included 37 scavengers came from Jenepoto (approximately 150 km from Makassar). They live on the landfill area.


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According to Mr. Burhanudin, Head of the Regional Environmental Agency of Makassar, it has been stated in the Tamangapa landfill Project Operational Standards (SOP) that people are prohibited to build settlements on the landfill area except for the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) employees who have the responsibility to manage the landfill. However, due to humanitarian reasons and the difficulties to build settlements around the landfill, they were given the permission to settle in the occupied areas on the landfill as along as they don’t interrupt the landfill activities.

Based on the interview with the Head of Tamangapa UPTD (July 3, 2007), there are 299 scavengers reported scavenging wastes around Tamangapa landfill. Most of them are Makassar ethnics (95%), and the rest are Bugis (4%) and Javanese (1%). Besides the adult scavengers, there are 48 children who live and work as scavengers helping their parents.

Table 1.3 Number of Scavengers and Working Hours

Category Number of People Income/day (Rp) Working Hours Children (5 – 10 years old) 48 15.000 08.00 - 14.00

Teenager (11 – 20 years old) 102 25.000 06.00 – 18.00 Adult (above 21 years old) 149 40.000 06.00 – 22.00

Source: Based on interview with the scavengers at Tamangapa Landfill, July 2007

Most of the children scavengers have dropped out from school; only 5 of 48 children are still studying at school. Economic factor is the main reason why they dropped out of school. Based on site observations and interviews with their parents, the children scavengers help increasing their family income. If one family with two children all work as scavengers, they will earn about Rp. 120,000 per day. This earning value is larger compared to construction work or farming.

Each item collected by scavengers has variable values. Plastic bottles are sold for Rp. 4000 per kg, cartons Rp. 2000 per kg, plastic bags Rp. 800 per kg, plastics (e.g bucket) Rp. 2400 per kg, and trash bags for Rp. 100 per kg. Each day the scavengers could earn Rp. 15,000 to Rp. 40.000 on an average, depending on the type of garbage collected.

Around the landfill, there are collectors or merchants who buy items directly from the scavengers. There are seven collectors around the Tamangapa landfill. These collectors determine the price for each item collected by the scavengers. According to one of the collectors, Mr. Daeng Tojeng (45 years old), price is determined by the market and there are no price differences among the other collectors at Tamangapa landfill (Interview, July 12, 2007)


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1.3 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

In general, the working conditions have the potential to cause accidents which may affect the scavengers. They often ignore their own safety during the bulldozing work and unloading activities from the trucks where they will fight over to collect valuable wastes. There are high risks for accidents, considering that scavengers are not equipped with Personal Protection Equipment, such as boots, helmets, gloves, and masks. The working conditions have the potential to cause accidents for the scavengers. They often ignore their own safety during the operation of bulldozers and unloading activities from the trucks. They will fight over to collect valuable wastes. Some of the scavengers only wear sandals.

To overcome public health problems among the communities around the landfill, the local government has built a community medical center (Puskesmas Pembantu/Pustu) near the Tamangapa landfill. This medical center is free from charge for both scavengers and non scavengers. According to one of the medical center’s staff, most of their patients are the scavengers. Communities of the non scavengers around the landfill usually go to Manggala Medical Center, which is located approximately 2 km from the landfill, or go to the doctors and hospitals in Makassar. (An interview with Nurse Alfrida, Makassar Health Official, July 3, 2007)

Related to the community health around the landfill, according to the Tamangapa medical center, there are six types of illness frequently experienced by local villagers (see Table 1.4). In addition minor injury such as nail and glass cuts are frequently handled by Pustu. Most of the scavengers do not realize that these injuries may potentially cause Tetanus. However due to limited facilities and medicines, Pustu of Tamangapa landfill does not handle tetanus directly. If a tetanus disease or other major illness occur, they are usually referred to the Regional Hospital in Makassar which has more complete facilities. Pustu is more like a first aid centre for accidents. According to the nurse, Alfrida, there has been no fatality case caused by tetanus since 2003.

Table 1.4 Medical Incident Rate

No Illness Category Rate 1 2 3 4 5 6

Upper Breathing System Infection (ISPA) Skin and sub cutan tissue disease Diarrhea Skin disease caused by allergic Digest sore Scabies

453/1000 people 120/1000 people 64/1000 people 48/1000 people 34/1000 people 31/1000 people

Source: Pustu of Tamangapa, 2007


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One of the local government’s efforts in maintaining the community health around the landfill is by conducting spraying to control flies. Fly is one of the vectors that carries disease and has the potential to affect scavengers or communities around the landfill. To reduce diseases caused by flies, spraying is routinely conducted once every 3 months by the Local Health Agency of Makassar to reduce fly population. Spraying has been conducted twice in 2007.

According to one of the locals named Miskin (Head of RT 04) from Kampung Bontoa, fly population usually increases during the wet season, while during dry season, fly population decrease. Communities around the landfill expect that spraying could be conducted at least once every month. Based on the site observation on September 6, 2007, fly population in landfill area is not excessive, except in the active waste piling area at Block E

To reduce occupational incidences and hazards, the Social Department in cooperation with the Department of Public Works conducted training and provided PPE, such as boots, safety helmets, gloves and maskers. Training was conducted in July 2003. However, this training was conducted only for UPTD employees without including the scavengers. Since then, no training has been conducted, nor have the PPE items been provided. During the site visit it was observed that none of the UPTD employees working in the field was wearing proper PPE. Also the scavengers did not wear the proper PPE. It was observed that scavengers were exposed to significant risks when garbage trucks arrived and they scrambled over to collect garbage being unloaded from the trucks

To reduce the risk of occupational hazards for the scavengers, The Office of the Cleanliness and Environment (DPLHK) of Makassar plans to build a shelter to collect and sort the garbage. After garbage has been unloaded, scavengers can then safely sort the garbage. Waste that can not be utilized will be disposed of to a certain area and it is expected that scavengers will no longer have to scavenge in that area

It is planned that the building will be located behind the Pustu with 100m2 in area. It is expected that this plan could prevent scavengers on scavenging in a high risk area. Besides that, based on the landfill’s Project Operation Standards (SOP), it is prohibited for scavengers or anyone to enter the disposal area at the landfill. However, to avoid conflicts with the scavengers, they are given the permission for scavenging in the landfill.

1.4 LAND ACQUISITION

Tamangapa landfill is about 14.3 hectare in size with the height of waste between 4 to 20 meters. Without the individual cells, it will still be adequate until the year 2012, considering the demographic growth. However, the city of Makassar plans to expand the landfill starting 2007 by land acquisition of about 3 hectares. For this adequate budget has been allocated in the Regional Expenditure Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah) of 2007.


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Land acquisition process will be based on the President Regulation No. 36 of 2005 and Government Regulation No. 65 of 2006 and also the National Land Agency Regulation No. 2/2007 regarding guidelines on land acquisition for public facilities. Makassar City is currently making inventory on the impacted assets including the asset owners and farmers, community’s socio- economical conditions as well as land and plants market price.

Land that will be acquired must be free from buildings and it must be a non-productive land or semi-productive rice field with once a year harvest

Besides the waste disposal activity, there is also a fertilizer manufacturer which is a joint venture between the local Government of Makassar with PT Orgindo. Materials for the organic fertilizer come from the landfill waste at Block C. In 2007, the government of Makassar is planning to cooperate with the World Bank for CDM project by extracting methane gas. The location has been prepared at Block D. The landfill area and capacity for various blocks are presented in Table 1.5.

Table 1.5 Tamangapa Landfill Area and Capacity

Capacity (m2) Block Area (m2) Used (m2) Balance (m2)

Height (m)

A 1779 1779 - 7 – 10 B 2242 2042 200 12 – 13 C 1614 1614 - 7 – 10 D 2665 1965 700 10 – 15 E 4030 450 3580 7 F 950 - 950 Supporting facilities (Office Road, Workshop)

1000

Total 14280 Source : Tamangapa Landfill UPTD Office, 2007

The capacity of Tamangapa landfill can be used for 5 years ahead, until 2012. To anticipate the landfill development until 2012, the government of Makassar plans to expand the landfill area gradually. The staging will be adjusted to the expenditure budget. Makassar will also take a lesson from the bad experience that happened to Bandung and Jakarta where they found it difficult to expand their landfill.

Ideally, the Makassar local authority plans the expansion to be about 3 hectares in size by the year 2012 to a total of 17.3 hectares. In 2007, Makassar has allocated 600 million rupiahs (~USD 60,000) to acquire approximately 3 ha of land.


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Land condition for landfill expansion is a non productive land and covered with bushes with no houses or other buildings. Part of the land is filled with water puddles that arise from landfill activities and rain. The other part is planted with paddy that is harvested once a year. Farmers that utilized the land around the landfill are not the owners. The farmers earned their part for 50% of their harvest, while the other 50% belongs to the land owner. According to Abdul Rahman (farmer), the 50% sharing between the farmer and land owner is based on an agreement and has been applied since a long time ago by the communities. This land does not give any significant economic value, however, the farmer still has to give 50% of their harvest to the land owner as a compensation for using their land

The expected landfill expansion will not affect the farmers’ income. Generally, farmers do not depend on the land around the landfill as the main source of their income. Based on the interview with the farmer, Abdul Rachman (RT 03), farmers only utilize empty land which is not used by the owner. Usually, the farmers supplement their income through additional work such as construction works. Even though the farmers only utilize a non productive land, the profit sharing will still be applied. Traditionally the farmer undertakes this responsibility to avoid any accusation by the owner.

The government still has to collect data of land ownership around the landfill and measure the land that will be used for landfill expansion. To achieve that plan, Makassar Government through the Environmental local authority stipulates a few steps (see Table 1.6)


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Table 1.6 Proposed Expansion Plan for Tamangapa Landfill*

Activities Target Responsible Parties

Total Budget & Source Remarks

1.Inventory of the affected people and assets

October 2007 DPLHK and Team appointed by the local government

To be determined (TBD)

2.Reference on land and plant price

October 2007 DPLHK and Team

TBD

3. Information on the impacted assets and people

October 2007 DPLHK TBD

4. Price agreement November Local government team

TBD

5. Compensation December 2007

Local government (Monetary and Wealth division)

APBD 2007 Rp. 600 million (~USD 60,000)

6.Change of land certificate for those who already have certificate

2008 BPN and DPLHK

TBD

* This table is based on the interview with the Head of DPLHK, Head of UPTD and DPLHK Staff who deal with Tamangapa landfill management (Mr. Usman and Buyung) * The land value is determined based on the agreement with the land owner.

Determination of the land value must consider the NJOP (Sell Value) value, total PBB (Land Tax) payment, land market price from the community from about 1 to 3 month of last transaction, market price according to the local bank, plant or harvest price from the farmer. These data will be the basis for the Makassar Government as a reference for the agreement with the communities.

The land the City plans to acquire is to meet the long term waste management plan needs of the City and the use of this land will not be required until after the completion of CER purchase from this project.


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1.5 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM

Based on the interviews with the head of Tamangapa Landfill UPTD and with the ten communities around the landfill who live in Kampung Botoa, Kajengjeng and Kasi (July 13, 2007), complaints are primarily related to the malodors from the landfill operation. Complaints are also related to the sprea of rubbish from the garbage trucks during transportation and the unloading operations. Seasonal complaints arise during the wet season when rubbish carried by the water flows and enters the yards of the houses of the communities in the vicinity of the landfill, particularly at the Kampung Bentoa.

To handle the community complaints, DLHK has made efforts to cover the waste at the landfill with soil. It has been conducted twice in 2007. While to prevent rubbish falling from the trucks, each truck must be covered.

To handle the community complaints from the scattered, particularly during the wet season, fences are planned to be installed along the landfill area. According to the head of DLHK of Makassar (H. Burhanudin), these fences will also prevent cattles that belong to communities to enter the landfill area. Inadequate budget is the main reason as to why this plan has not yet been implemented.


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Table 1.7 Public Consultation and Communication Process

Activities Time Form of Activities Attendances Issues Complains Public Meeting

June 16, 2007

- public consultation - Interactive dialogue and discussion between attendance

- Communities around the landfill - Local officers - UPTD employees - Scavengers and collectors - Journalist from Unhas and ERM - Total attendance 26

Socialization on the LFG Project

Communities complain to the government about the smell generated from the landfill and garbage trucks Communities have the difficulties to get clean water Anxiety of explosion from the gas flaring project

Social Study

June 17, 2007

Depth Interview Focus Group Discussion

UNHAS Community’s perception on LFG project

Environmental impact management on odor and the decrease of health quality and business opportunity

Public Consultation

June 23, 2007

- Community discussion and comments

ERM, Unhas, Scavengers, NGO Local official UPTD employees, DPLHK staff

Presentation about the advantages and impacts from LFG Project

The community asked about how far could the project increase community’s welfare, business opportunity, health and education quality for scavenger’s children How far could the LFG project reduce smell, rubbish, and the decreasing of land price

Social Study (due diligence)

July 2-7, 2007

Indepth interview and FGD Discussion

ERM's team Unhas

Community’s perception on the LFG project Community Development Program

The community expect for soil cover every month, cover on garbage trucks, fence for the landfill area Community around the landfill became priority for job opportunities

Technical meeting

September 13, 2007

Interactive discussion and comments

ERM, DPLHK staff, government institution

Presentation on the LFG Project

How far could the LFG project increase the environment quality and reduce pollution Economical advantages for Makassar Community


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1.6 EDUCATION

Educational activities to increase the knowledge of the landfill community have been conducted by a group of students from UMI of Makassar (Moslem University of Indonesia) who is also part of the local Environmental Organization. Informal educational and informational material, Kejar Package A, was prepared. However, this activity, which was held in 2002, only lasted for six months. Then this activity was continued by YPKB foundation which provides an informal education for the scavengers’ children

YPKB was established in 2002 by student activists and local community leaders as a social institution to improve the socio-economic conditions of the scavengers in Tamangapa landfill, especially by providing an informal education for scavengers’ children. YPKB is located approximately 200 meter from the Tamangapa landfill

YPKI provides two educational programs, namely, a religious education program the other a general education program. The general education program consists of a Package A (equivalency program for primary school) and a Package B (equivalency program for junior secondary school). In the school year of 2007, 40 students studied religion while 20 students attended the Package B. Since 2004, informal education of Package A could not be continued due to inadequate budget and lack of benefactor.

YPKI received donation from a group of communities around the landfill, especially those who live outside of Tamangapa area which change in number every year. The government institution through the education agency donates text books to the foundation every year and donates operational fund of Rp. 150,000 per month.

The foundation provides several supporting facilities such as classroom of 7 x 8 meters in size used by approximately 40 children with 4 active teachers.

According to Ernawati (one of the foundation staff who is also an ex scavenger), the foundation lacks proper facilities, especially the school facilities. The library is in poor condition with limited books. Religion class is held in the same classroom but at different times. Morning class is for Package B and the afternoon is for religion class. Most of the students who attend the Package B are scavengers’ children. The religion class is attended by the mixed group of children from in and around the landfill.


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Table 1.8 Number of Students YPKI

Type of Class Graduation Status

Year Religion Package

A Package

B Package

A Package

B Not

completed

Number of Student

who Continues

to High School

2002 - 12 - - - - - 2003 - 16 - - - - - 2004 16 - 5 5 - 7 - 2005 28 - 14 8 - 8 - 2006 35 - 15 - - - - 2007 40 - 20 - 20 - - Source : Based on interview with Ernawati, YPKI staff, September 2007 and Students data of

YPKI Note : None of the Package B students has graduated until now, some students of Package B

are excpected to graduated in 2007

The foundation is expecting to establish a formal school for elementary level in 2008. According to Ernawati, the establishment of a formal school is to guarantee the continuity of education and the future of the scavengers’ children for a better life than that of their parents. Efforts to establish an Elementary School have been started. Proposal for a feasibility study will be submitted at the end of October 2007. Elementary level education is a priority since most of the scavengers’ children never have a chance to study at school, even though their age has exceeded school age limit. There are 64 children around the landfill whose parents work as scavengers. Out of the total of 64, there are 48 children who help their parents as scavengers to supplement their income.


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2 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

To improve the social and environmental conditions around the landfill area, the local government of Makassar has made a commitment to implement the community development program. The program identifies four areas of development, namely: environmental health improvement, economical development, child care and social activities. The community development program in Table 2.1 is an initial suggestion that will be the principle of agreement with the future LFG project management after the tender process has been completed. The Community Development Program fees and responsibility will be stipulated after the winner of the tender has been decided.

The detailed of community programs showed in the following Table 2.1.


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Table 2.1 Community Development Plan

Program Activities Time Institution Source

of Income

Remarks

Occupational Health and Safety Training for the scavengers

Public Work Service DPLHK Tender winner

Management provides the PPE, such as boots, helmets, maskers and gloves

Immunization service and tetanus prevention for the scavengers

Health service Adult and child scavengers

Build a washing area for useful wastes

DPLHK One unit Water is extracted from deep/shallow well(pumping well)

Relocating scavengers at Block D of the landfill (10 families)

DPLHK Tender winner

Relocating the scavenger’s temporary shelter that is located in Block D (10 families) to the location near the collectors area (landfill entrance area)

Environmental Health

Conveyor installation DPLHK Tender winner

Location at the back of Pustu with the size of 100 m2 Have the function as temporary waste disposal at the landfill area

Children scavengers

Providing education facilities of Kejar Package A and B How many children that have the potency to study Package A and B

Educational service There are 65 children in the landfill area. 48 children work as scavengers and the other 17 are not scavengers

Providing children’s library Coordinate with volunteers/NGO

Educational service Tender winner

Library will be allocated around the scavenger’s village (near the landfill entrance)

Formation of waste recycle group through the 3R activities

DPLHK Cooperation service Tender winner

Economic development

Establishment of loan service Cooperation service


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3 CONCLUSIONS

The following are the social impacts expected due to the proposed LFG Project in Makassar.

• Additional labor opportunities during construction and operation phase.

• Reduced odor – improved community participation related to continued scavenging activity at the site

• Improved waste management of CDM Landfill area – reduction of waste related health risk

• Royalty received from the CDM project can be redirected to improve livelihood of scavengers and nearby community.

• Improved visual impacts of the area

APPENDIX - PHOTOS

Scavenger collecting rubbish

Losari beach. A landmark of Makassar City

Makassar City’s Rapid Growth

Main entrance to TPA Tamangapa Landfill

The waste transporter

The weighing post at TPA Tamangapa Landfill

Pipe Ventilation on C and D cells of Landfill

Poor condition of the waste water treatment facility

The scavengers with unsafe working conditions

Local Hospital near TPA Tamangapa Landfill

Scavengers at work

A collector at TPA Tamangapa Landfill

Proposed Expansion Area (behind the existing TPA landfill site)

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