alireza dayerizadeh principle investigator: dr. srdjanlukić...dynamic wireless power transfer 3...
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Dynamic Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles: Approaches
for Reflexive Field Containment Using Reactive Components
NCSU Invention Disclosure: 18-084
Alireza Dayerizadeh
Principle Investigator: Dr. Srdjan Lukić
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Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer
2
Why Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer?
• Increased range and reduced charging times.
• Reduced vehicle energy storage requirements
Wireless Power Transfer: An Alternative to Conductive Charging.
• Source to load efficiencies of over 90% are possible at coupling coefficients of 0.2.
Electric-vehiclenews.com. (2018). UK To Test Dynamic Wireless Charging For Electric Cars. [online] Available at:
http://www.electric-vehiclenews.com/2015/08/uk-to-test-dynamic-wireless-charging.html
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Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer
3
Dynamic WPT may be accomplished through an array of segmented transmitting coils
that sequentially couple to a passing receiving coil, thus isolating the field emissions to
the coupled coil. Challenges include:
• Precise Receiver Position Feedback is required.
• Efficient and fast methodology to selectively energize coupled coil.
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Dynamic Approach One
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Position sensor and relays for power flow control
to coupled coils.
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Dynamic Approach Two
Power each coil with a dedicated inverter (cost
prohibitive in large applications).
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Dynamic Approach Two
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Exploit reflected impedance of receiving coil to
control emitted field reflexively
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Reflexive Field Containment
Approach
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• Large uncompensated
reactance ln uncoupled
TX coils
Ls ReqC2
C1
Cp
Lp
M
Series-Parallel-LCC
Cp1
Lp1Lp2
Lpn
Cp2
Cpn
Ccomp
CFLF
Inverter
Allows for Segmented TX Coils
22 2 22
2
( )( )
eq
reflected Total
s s s s
M RM M MZ n n j Q n j
Z L L L
w w w= = × - × = - ×
• Reflected reactance brings
TX coil into resonance
• Current flow is boosted
When Coupled…
When Uncoupled…
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Transmitter Design
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Ccomp
CFLF
Vs ΔX Rr
Uncoupled Coupled
It,coupled
It,uncoupled
ICcomp
IS
,
st coupled
r
VI
R=
,
st uncoupled
VI
j X=
D
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Improving Field Containment
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Saturable Inductor
increases reactance
in TX coil.
The Saturable inductor:
• Maximizes the difference between
coupled and uncoupled currents in
the TX coil.
• Saturates as the system becomes
coupled.
• Improves system current gain (and
field attenuation performance).
LMax
LmaxCp
Lp C2
C1
Ls Req
MTransmitter Receiver
Vin
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Saturable Inductor Characteristics
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• AC current means that inductor is not
continuously saturated.
• Inductance must be modelled to account for
AC saturation behavior.
1 221 ( )[ ( ) ]max sat sat sat
eff
peak peak peak
L I I IL sin
I I Ip
-= + -
14 [ ( )]max sateff
peak
L IL sin
Ip
-=
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Simulation – Comparison to
Reference System
11
Current gain 11 Current gain 3
System With Saturable InductorReference System
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Hardware Validation
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Input Voltage 171.1 V
Input Current 8.65 A
Input Power 1480 W
Output Power 1208.4 W (95.2^2/7.5)
Efficiency 81.6%
Current Gain 11.1
Transmitter (TX)*
Lp 190uH
Cp 22.65nF
Lmax 180uH
Leff 23uH
Csat 143nF
Receiver System
Ls 237uH
C1 16.56nF
C2 82.81nF
n 6
RLoad 7.5
Inverter Output Voltage and Current - Coupled
Inverter Output Voltage and Current - Uncoupled
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Impacts
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• Aid in the proliferation of electric vehicles.
• Aids in the meeting of field emissions standards.
• Technology may be used in: autonomous vehicles and
consumer electronics.
Conclusion
• Entirely passive field containment approach for the
dynamic charging of electric vehicles.
• Builds upon previously published work.