presentation on wpt

8/7/2019 Presentation on WPT

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Presentation onPresentation on

Wireless Power TransmissionWireless Power Transmission


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` Introduction

` History of Wireless Power Transmission.

` Methods of WPT.` Components of WPT.

` Advantages, disadvantages & biological

impacts.

` Conclusion.


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` One of the major issue in power system is the lossesoccurs during the transmission and distribution ofelectrical power. As the demand increases day by day, thepower generation increases & the power loss is alsoincreased.

` The main reason for power loss during transmission anddistribution is the resistance of wires used for grid.

` The efficiency of power transmission can be improved tocertain level by using high strength composite over headconductors & underground cables that use hightemperature super conductor. But, the transmission is stillinefficient.


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` According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), Indias

electricity grid has the highest transmission and

distribution losses in the world its around 27%. Numberspublished by various Indian government agencies put that

number at 30%, 40% and greater than 40%. This is

attributed to technical losses (grids inefficiencies) and

theft.

` The above problem can be solved by choosing an

alternative option for power transmission which could

provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and

avoid power theft.

` Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising

technologies and may be the righteous alternative for

efficient power transmission.


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Wireless Power Transmission is the concept of

transmitting power without using wires i.e., transmittingpower as microwaves from one place to another is in

order to reduce the transmission and distribution losses.

This concept is known as Microwave Power

transmission.


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` Reliable.

` Efficient.` Low maintenance cost.

` Free from power

failures, that occur due

to faults.

` Power can be

transmitted to any place.


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` 1856-1943

` Innovations: Wireless power

transmission experimentsat Wardenclyffe.

Tesla researched ways totransmit power wirelesslyover long distances (viatransverse waves, to alesser extent, and, morereadily, longitudinalwaves).


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` In 1893, Tesla demonstrated the

illumination of vacuum bulbs

without using wires for power

transmission at the WorldColumbian Exposition in

Chicago.

` In 1899, it was able to light

lamps over 40 miles away

without using wires. High

frequency current, of a Tesla

coil, could light lamps filled

with gas (like neon).

The Wardenclyffe tower,

designed by Tesla mainly forwireless power transmission


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` In the transmission side, the microwave power sourcegenerates microwave power and the output power is

controlled by electronic control circuits.

` The wave guide circulator which protects themicrowave source from reflected power is connected

with the microwave power source through the Coax

Waveguide Adaptor (communication cable).


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` The tuner matches the impedance between the

transmitting antenna and the microwave source.

` The attenuated signals will be then separated based

on the direction of signal propagation by Directional

Coupler.

` The transmitting antenna radiates the power

uniformly through free space to the rectenna.


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` In the receiving side, a rectenna receives the

transmitted power and converts the microwave power

into DC power.

` The impedance matching circuit and filter is provided

to setting the output impedance of a signal source

equal to the rectifying circuit.

` The rectifying circuit consists of Schottky barrier

diodes converts the received microwave power intoDC power.


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` Frequency 2.45 GHz microwave beam.

` Retro directive beam control capability.

` Power level is well below international safety standard.

` The FDA has established microwave radiation exposurelevels greater than 5mw/cm2 to be dangerous.


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An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes forabsorbing microwave energy from a transmitter andconverting it into electric power.

` Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency

` Around 5km across (3.1 miles)

` 95% of the beam will fall on the rectenna


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Commonly used rectenna iswire mesh reflector

x Built on a rigid frame

above the groundx Visually transparent so

that it would not interferewith radio waves.

x Rectifying antenna are

usually made an array of

dipole antenna.wire mesh reflector


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` Size

Miles across

` Location Near population center

` Health and environmental side effects

Microwaves or lasers would be dangerous, if itsintensity increases the standard limit.


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` This is the first

method used for

wireless power

transfer.

` Since magnetic field

spreads in all

direction, making a

large wastage of

energy.


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` By using resonant

induction one coil can

send electricity to

several receiving coils

as long as they all

resonate at same

frequency.


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Vision on WPT development


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` Microwave

More developed

High efficiency up to

85% Beams is far below the

lethal levels of

concentration even for a

prolonged exposure Cause interference with

communication waves.

` Laser

Recently developed

Efficiency is up to 40-5

0% Conform to limits oneye and skin damage

As with microwavebeaming, this method

requires a direct line

of sight with the target


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` Wireless Power Transmission system wouldcompletely eliminates the existing high-tensionpower transmission line cables, towers and substations between the generating station and

consumers and facilitates the interconnection ofelectrical generation plants on a global scale.

` Power can be beamed to the location where it isneeded, dont have to invest in large as in the case ofgrid.

` The cost of transmission and distribution become lessand the cost of electrical energy for the consumer alsowould be reduced.


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` Loss of transmission is negligible level in the

Wireless Power Transmission; therefore, the

efficiency of this method is very much higher thanthe wired transmission.

` The power failure due to short circuit and fault on

cables would never exist in the transmission and

power theft would be not possible at all.

`

Even mobile transmitters and receivers can be chosenfor the WPT system.


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` The Capital Cost for practical implementation ofWireless Power Transmission seems to be very high.

` The other disadvantage of the concept is interferenceof microwave with the present communicationsystems.

` The size of construction for the rectenna is massiveand also implementation complexity.


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` The best understood biological effect ofelectromagnetic fields is to cause dielectric heating.For example, touching or standing around an antennawhile a high-power transmitter is in operation cancause severe burns.

` Common beliefs fear the effect of microwaveradiation. But the studies in this domain repeatedlyproves that the microwave radiation level would be

never higher than the dose received while opening themicrowave oven door.


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` Generating power by placing satellites with giant solararrays in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit and transmitting

the power as microwaves to the earth known as Solar

Power Satellites (SPS) is the largest application of WPT.

` Another application of WPT is moving targets such as

fuel free airplanes, fuel free electric vehicles, moving

robots and fuel free rockets, wireless sensors and RF

Power Adaptive Rectifying Circuits (PARC).

` By the use of WPT there is no need of batteries or

remembering to recharge batteries periodically.


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` This concept offers greater possibilities for transmittingpower with negligible losses and ease of transmissionthan any invention made before.

` Reduces the cost of transmission and distribution andthe cost of electrical energy for the consumer alsowould be reduced.

` This also benefits the intercontinental power providers.


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