American Imperialism and American Imperialism and ProgressivismProgressivism

What is Imperialism? Page 21What is Imperialism? Page 21► Root word is Root word is EmpireEmpire..► An empire is a powerful An empire is a powerful

nation with powerful nation with powerful leadership that seeks to leadership that seeks to acquire and control weaker acquire and control weaker nations.nations.

► Sometimes the more Sometimes the more powerful nations allow the powerful nations allow the weaker nations to rule weaker nations to rule themselves [ex. Ancient themselves [ex. Ancient Rome].Rome].

► Most of the time the Most of the time the Empire assimilates the Empire assimilates the weaker nation into the weaker nation into the Empire and forces it into Empire and forces it into submission [ex. Soviet submission [ex. Soviet Union].Union].

► Watch: Watch: https://www.youtube.com/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfsfoFqsFk4watch?v=QfsfoFqsFk4

Page 29 in your interactive notebook- watch video and draw something that will represent this unit.

Page 21Page 21The Age of ImperialismThe Age of Imperialism

► In the late 1800s and early 1900s, countries were engaged in a widespread In the late 1800s and early 1900s, countries were engaged in a widespread scramble to expand their colonies around the world. This aggressive scramble to expand their colonies around the world. This aggressive economic and political push was known as the economic and political push was known as the Age of ImperialismAge of Imperialism. For . For example, the French, Belgians, Dutch and British had moved into the example, the French, Belgians, Dutch and British had moved into the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Japan had assumed power over the Korean Middle East, Africa and Asia. Japan had assumed power over the Korean peninsula, and the United States was exerting control over Latin America peninsula, and the United States was exerting control over Latin America and the Asian Pacific. In retrospect, it looked just like a mad dash to see and the Asian Pacific. In retrospect, it looked just like a mad dash to see which nation could acquire the most territorial possessions.which nation could acquire the most territorial possessions.

► One country that all empire-building powers wanted to control was China. One country that all empire-building powers wanted to control was China. During the late 19th century, the Chinese government was in a fragile During the late 19th century, the Chinese government was in a fragile state, and different countries had designated spheres of influence inside of state, and different countries had designated spheres of influence inside of China. China. Spheres of influenceSpheres of influence are areas of economic and political control. are areas of economic and political control.

Page 21Page 21Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

► Among the Europeans, Japanese and Americans, there was intense Among the Europeans, Japanese and Americans, there was intense competition to exert control over China - countries that were literally competition to exert control over China - countries that were literally carving the nation into pieces. Great Britain, for example, controlled carving the nation into pieces. Great Britain, for example, controlled the city of Hong Kong. It was kind of like the classic childhood game, the city of Hong Kong. It was kind of like the classic childhood game, King of the Hill, in which the players compete to see who can remain King of the Hill, in which the players compete to see who can remain atop some 'hill' the longest. During the Age of Imperialism, it seemed atop some 'hill' the longest. During the Age of Imperialism, it seemed as if nearly every country was competing to be top dog in China.as if nearly every country was competing to be top dog in China.

► Hay's Open Door PolicyHay's Open Door Policy► In 1899, In 1899, John HayJohn Hay, the Secretary of State under President McKinley, , the Secretary of State under President McKinley,

proposed an Open Door Policy towards China for all countries. In what proposed an Open Door Policy towards China for all countries. In what would later be called the 'Open Door Note,' he wrote to each country. would later be called the 'Open Door Note,' he wrote to each country. The The 'Open Door Note''Open Door Note' was a message arguing for Hay's Open Door  was a message arguing for Hay's Open Door PolicyPolicy. **Under this policy, no country would gain dominance in . **Under this policy, no country would gain dominance in China, and economic trade would be free and open to all China, and economic trade would be free and open to all parties. The Chinese government would be free to regulate parties. The Chinese government would be free to regulate trade and create tariffs without giving any special advantage trade and create tariffs without giving any special advantage to any one government.to any one government.

Page 21Page 21A Pseudo-TreatyA Pseudo-Treaty

► In practice, the Open Door Policy resembled a group of friends standing In practice, the Open Door Policy resembled a group of friends standing around deciding whether or not to ride a roller coaster. In making the around deciding whether or not to ride a roller coaster. In making the decision, many in the group end up saying something like, 'Well, I'll go decision, many in the group end up saying something like, 'Well, I'll go if you go.' At the same time, nobody budges. This same type of if you go.' At the same time, nobody budges. This same type of behavior occurred when Hay rolled out his Open Door Policy. In behavior occurred when Hay rolled out his Open Door Policy. In response to Hay, all of the European countries involved essentially response to Hay, all of the European countries involved essentially said, 'Well, we'll do it if everyone else does it.' However, not a single said, 'Well, we'll do it if everyone else does it.' However, not a single country would commit to it in writing.country would commit to it in writing.

► In spite of their reluctance to commit to the policy on paper, Hay In spite of their reluctance to commit to the policy on paper, Hay announced that all European parties had accepted the idea. He even announced that all European parties had accepted the idea. He even began to refer to the Open Door Policy as an actual policy and began to refer to the Open Door Policy as an actual policy and requirement, even though nobody had signed it. The funny thing is, requirement, even though nobody had signed it. The funny thing is, some of the other European powers began referring to the Open Door some of the other European powers began referring to the Open Door Policy as if it were an actual international policy, even though they Policy as if it were an actual international policy, even though they hadn't agreed to anything officially!hadn't agreed to anything officially!

Page 21Page 21American “Imperialism”American “Imperialism”

► Some Americans believed it was the Some Americans believed it was the U.S. government’s duty to save U.S. government’s duty to save foreign countries from themselves foreign countries from themselves [religiously and economically]. [religiously and economically].

► **Former U.S. Navy officer **Former U.S. Navy officer Alfred Alfred MahanMahan believed the U.S. should believed the U.S. should build and maintain a powerful navy build and maintain a powerful navy to assert world dominance. Mahan to assert world dominance. Mahan gave many examples of world gave many examples of world powers who used such a tactic. powers who used such a tactic. The The Great White FleetGreat White Fleet was a popular was a popular name for US Navy battle fleet. name for US Navy battle fleet.

► Despite the above mentioned Despite the above mentioned reasons many people believed the reasons many people believed the principal reason for U.S. imperialism principal reason for U.S. imperialism was **was **expansion of U.S. marketsexpansion of U.S. markets for sale of finished goods and for sale of finished goods and acquisition of natural resources.acquisition of natural resources.

► Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem entitled **“entitled **“The White Man’s The White Man’s Burden: Burden: ” In this poem, Kipling ” In this poem, Kipling urged the U.S. to take up the urged the U.S. to take up the “burden” of empire, as had Britain “burden” of empire, as had Britain and other European nations. Anti-and other European nations. Anti-imperialism people used this poem imperialism people used this poem to say it is wrong to try to conquer to say it is wrong to try to conquer the world. the world.

Alfred Mahan

Page 21Page 21The American Anti-Imperialist LeagueThe American Anti-Imperialist League

► **The American Anti-Imperialist League was an **The American Anti-Imperialist League was an organization established on June 15, 1898organization established on June 15, 1898, to battle , to battle the American annexation of the Philippines as an the American annexation of the Philippines as an insular area insular area (not a state but depends on US.) They had (not a state but depends on US.) They had heard bad things that we were doing in the Philippines.heard bad things that we were doing in the Philippines.

► There was ** There was ** The Philippine-American War, 1899–1902 The Philippine-American War, 1899–1902 After its After its defeat in the defeat in the Spanish-American War of 1898, **, **Spain ceded its Spain ceded its longstanding colony of the Philippines to the United States in the longstanding colony of the Philippines to the United States in the Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris. On February 4, 1899, just two days before the U.S. . On February 4, 1899, just two days before the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, fighting broke out between American forces and Senate ratified the treaty, fighting broke out between American forces and Filipino nationalists led by **Filipino nationalists led by **Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo who sought independence who sought independence rather than a change in colonial rulers. The ensuing Philippine-American rather than a change in colonial rulers. The ensuing Philippine-American War lasted three years and resulted in the death of over 4,200 American War lasted three years and resulted in the death of over 4,200 American and over 20,000 Filipino combatants. As many as 200,000 Filipino civilians and over 20,000 Filipino combatants. As many as 200,000 Filipino civilians died from violence, famine, and disease.died from violence, famine, and disease.

►

Page 21Page 21Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani

► In the Far East in the Pacific Ocean region the Hawaiian In the Far East in the Pacific Ocean region the Hawaiian Islands were close enough to be reached by the U.S. rather Islands were close enough to be reached by the U.S. rather quickly by steam ship.quickly by steam ship.

► American settlers and planters [large farm holders] wanted American settlers and planters [large farm holders] wanted Hawaii annexed into the United States.Hawaii annexed into the United States.

► **Hawaii’s queen did not agree with total U.S. control. **Hawaii’s queen did not agree with total U.S. control. However, U.S. military forces supported the U.S. business However, U.S. military forces supported the U.S. business actions and Hawaii became a U.S. controlled territory actions and Hawaii became a U.S. controlled territory [became last U.S. state in 1959].[became last U.S. state in 1959].The queen resented the increasing power of the white planters, who owned much of the Hawaiian land. She abolished the constitution that had given political power to the white minority. With the backing of a U.S. official, the American planters responded quickly and forcefully. In 1893, they overthrew the queen. The Marines helped the rebels seize power.

Page 22Page 22USS MaineUSS Maine

► A U.S. warship sent to Havana Harbor in Cuba to protect U.S. A U.S. warship sent to Havana Harbor in Cuba to protect U.S. interests in 1898.interests in 1898.

► Cuba at the time was a Spanish possession.Cuba at the time was a Spanish possession.► There was tension between the U.S. and Spain because Spain held There was tension between the U.S. and Spain because Spain held

territories within the United States’ sphere of influence.territories within the United States’ sphere of influence.► Aboard the USS Maine were tons of explosives that were not tightly Aboard the USS Maine were tons of explosives that were not tightly

guarded or secured.guarded or secured.► A huge explosion occurred killing at least 266 U.S. personnel.A huge explosion occurred killing at least 266 U.S. personnel.► U.S. U.S. newspaper articles speculated that Spain had sunk the ship. The that Spain had sunk the ship. The

U.S. declared war on Spain and defeated her within 113 days.U.S. declared war on Spain and defeated her within 113 days.

Page 22Page 22CubaCuba

► **In 1895, Cuban patriot Jose Marti launched **In 1895, Cuban patriot Jose Marti launched a war for independence from Spain. Rebels a war for independence from Spain. Rebels fighters used guerrilla tactics of hit-and-run fighters used guerrilla tactics of hit-and-run raids against Spanish forces. **Spanish raids against Spanish forces. **Spanish General Weyler (The butcher) did terrible General Weyler (The butcher) did terrible things to the Cubans (1000’s died from things to the Cubans (1000’s died from disease and starvation). This made America disease and starvation). This made America want to help them. A Spanish Ambassador want to help them. A Spanish Ambassador to U.S.,** to U.S.,** Dupuy de Lome Dupuy de Lome wrote a letter wrote a letter (cubans stole it and sent it to Hearst (cubans stole it and sent it to Hearst (newspaper guy) and he called President (newspaper guy) and he called President McKinley a weak and stupid politician. McKinley a weak and stupid politician. Hearst published the letter with the Hearst published the letter with the headlines: “Worst Insult to the U.S. in its headlines: “Worst Insult to the U.S. in its History”. It got Americans really mad at History”. It got Americans really mad at Spain. Spain.

► Cuban citizens had long fought against Cuban citizens had long fought against Spanish rule of the island nation.Spanish rule of the island nation.

► Many Cuban émigrés fled to the United Many Cuban émigrés fled to the United States and received sympathy and support. States and received sympathy and support.

► 4 years after its liberation from Spain the 4 years after its liberation from Spain the United States granted Cuba its United States granted Cuba its independence.independence.

Cuban Revolutionary Jose Marti

The Rough RidersThe Rough RidersPage 22Page 22►Many of the soldiers were very Many of the soldiers were very experienced.experienced.►Veterans of the U.S. Civil War and Veterans of the U.S. Civil War and Western Indian Wars were eager to Western Indian Wars were eager to see action in Cuba.see action in Cuba.►The group included gamblers, The group included gamblers, army veterans, hunters, Buffalo army veterans, hunters, Buffalo soldiers, Native-Americans and soldiers, Native-Americans and college students.college students.►Within weeks of their arrival in Within weeks of their arrival in Cuba the Rough Riders were Cuba the Rough Riders were triumphant in key battles including triumphant in key battles including the famous and decisive **the famous and decisive **Battle of Battle of San Juan HillSan Juan Hill..►Their exploits enabled the U.S. to Their exploits enabled the U.S. to defeat Spain and liberate Cuba.defeat Spain and liberate Cuba.►**Buffalo Soldiers**Buffalo Soldiers- Black troops - Black troops who were big part of Army from who were big part of Army from 1866-1951. They were part of 1866-1951. They were part of success of Battle of San Juan Hill.success of Battle of San Juan Hill.►Watch:Watch:►https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K93Gc6TZVpgv=K93Gc6TZVpg

Lt. Colonel Roosevelt

Please complete: Pages 86, Please complete: Pages 86, 8888

Open your workbooks to pages 86 and Open your workbooks to pages 86 and 88 to complete the five questions on 88 to complete the five questions on each page. each page.

Make sure the original four pages are Make sure the original four pages are complete as well: 56, 58, 60 & 73complete as well: 56, 58, 60 & 73

Page 22 The Rough RidersPage 22 The Rough Riders► Due to the destruction and low morale created by the U.S. Civil War the U.S. Due to the destruction and low morale created by the U.S. Civil War the U.S.

Military [especially the army] had very low numbers.Military [especially the army] had very low numbers.► In order to field a force able to battle Spain in the so-called In order to field a force able to battle Spain in the so-called Spanish-American Spanish-American

WarWar more than 1,000 volunteers were called to duty by President McKinley. more than 1,000 volunteers were called to duty by President McKinley.► Former NYC police commissioner and state legislator Theodore Roosevelt was Former NYC police commissioner and state legislator Theodore Roosevelt was

selected as second in command of the 1selected as second in command of the 1stst Cavalry Brigade. Cavalry Brigade.

Teddy Roosevelt

Page 23 The Teller Amendment and Page 23 The Teller Amendment and CubaCuba

► President McKinley sought authority [War Message] from Congress President McKinley sought authority [War Message] from Congress to attack Spain as revenge for the USS Maine.to attack Spain as revenge for the USS Maine.

► Senator Senator TellerTeller of Colorado added an amendment to the war of Colorado added an amendment to the war declaration that would forbid the U.S. from establishing a declaration that would forbid the U.S. from establishing a permanent colony in Cuba.permanent colony in Cuba.

► Cuba would be liberated and allowed to be an independent nation.Cuba would be liberated and allowed to be an independent nation.► The Platt Amendment passed by Congress in 1901 allowed The Platt Amendment passed by Congress in 1901 allowed

the U.S. to maintain a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.the U.S. to maintain a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

Page 23Page 23American American JingoismJingoism

► Emboldened by American war hawks Emboldened by American war hawks and sensationalist newspapers and sensationalist newspapers America became America became more aggressive more aggressive militarilymilitarily..America entered into a policy of America entered into a policy of jingoismjingoism that stressed U.S. military that stressed U.S. military power and territorial expansion power and territorial expansion abroad. De’Lome Letter fueled abroad. De’Lome Letter fueled American Jingoism.American Jingoism.

► The Effects of the War – The Effects of the War – ► What should U.S. do with Spain’s

former possessions? ► Spain gave up control of Cuba, Puerto

Rico, and the Pacific island of Guam. They also sold U.S. the Philippines for $20 million.

► The Philippino-American War started The Philippino-American War started after the Spanish-American War. The after the Spanish-American War. The Filipino’s thought we would leave but Filipino’s thought we would leave but we didn’t. We wanted to expand our we didn’t. We wanted to expand our influence and compete with European influence and compete with European colonial powers and gain new trade in colonial powers and gain new trade in Asia.Asia.

It was terrible war – U.S. Army did terrible things. We won. Taft (later became President Taft) was governor of the Philippines. He helped island recover by building schools, roads and bridges. ** In 1916, Congress passed the Jones Act – it said that the Philippines would eventually gain their independence. It happened after WWII when we fought Japan for the island and we won, again.

Page 23Page 23Enter T.R.Enter T.R. [Theodore Roosevelt] [Theodore Roosevelt]

► After his exploits as Rough Rider, After his exploits as Rough Rider, NYS legislator, author, explorer, big NYS legislator, author, explorer, big game hunter, NYC Police game hunter, NYC Police Commissioner and governor of NYS Commissioner and governor of NYS he was selected as McKinley’s he was selected as McKinley’s running mate in 1900.running mate in 1900.

► McKinley was assassinated on McKinley was assassinated on September 14, 1901 elevating September 14, 1901 elevating Roosevelt to president of the United Roosevelt to president of the United States.States.

► Immediately after Roosevelt Immediately after Roosevelt became president the international became president the international image of the United States image of the United States changed. Roosevelt introduced the changed. Roosevelt introduced the concept of **concept of **Big Stick Diplomacy.Big Stick Diplomacy.

► Watch: Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watchhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFNgY9BdVRk?v=mFNgY9BdVRk

Page 23 Big Stick DiplomacyPage 23 Big Stick Diplomacy► To assert and maintain control of the American sphere of influence President To assert and maintain control of the American sphere of influence President

Teddy Roosevelt used what he called Big Stick Diplomacy.Teddy Roosevelt used what he called Big Stick Diplomacy.► His motto [borrowed from ad old African proverb was “speak softly and carry His motto [borrowed from ad old African proverb was “speak softly and carry

a big stick.”]a big stick.”]► The metaphor was meant to clearly state his intent to carry out a foreign The metaphor was meant to clearly state his intent to carry out a foreign

policy based on strong military action when needed to support U.S. interests. policy based on strong military action when needed to support U.S. interests. Echoing Alfred Mahan’s opinion that a strong navy would aid this mission the Echoing Alfred Mahan’s opinion that a strong navy would aid this mission the U.S. Navy was essential to projecting U.S. power.U.S. Navy was essential to projecting U.S. power.

Page 23 The Panama CanalPage 23 The Panama Canal► The Panama Canal was completed after a The Panama Canal was completed after a

long and dangerous 10 year construction.long and dangerous 10 year construction.► Many people died during the long, Many people died during the long,

tedious and dangerous construction.tedious and dangerous construction.► **THE PURPOSE OF THE CANAL WAS TO **THE PURPOSE OF THE CANAL WAS TO

ENSURE THAT ENSURE THAT MARKETSMARKETS IN SOUTH IN SOUTH AMERICA AND ASIA WOULD BE OPENED AMERICA AND ASIA WOULD BE OPENED TO THE UNITED STATES.TO THE UNITED STATES.

► The Panama Canal shortened shipping The Panama Canal shortened shipping time and distance between the U.S. and time and distance between the U.S. and Latin America as well as Asia.Latin America as well as Asia.

► ** U.S. wanted to buy land from Columbia ** U.S. wanted to buy land from Columbia to build the canal but they asked too to build the canal but they asked too much. So we sent US warships to that much. So we sent US warships to that area to support Panama people wanting area to support Panama people wanting their freedom from Columbia. Columbia their freedom from Columbia. Columbia backed off and gave Panama their backed off and gave Panama their freedom and we then Panama $10 million freedom and we then Panama $10 million and rent the canal for $250,000. a yearand rent the canal for $250,000. a year. .

► Watch: Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pv0upmpPw3cv=Pv0upmpPw3c

Page 23Page 23**The Roosevelt Corollary**The Roosevelt Corollary

► Roosevelt built onto the Roosevelt built onto the foreign policy established by foreign policy established by President Monroe.President Monroe.

► **The **The Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine asserted the U.S. would asserted the U.S. would respond militarily if respond militarily if European powers interfered European powers interfered in the Caribbean and Latin in the Caribbean and Latin America.America.

► **Roosevelt added that the **Roosevelt added that the U.S. would intervene by U.S. would intervene by force, if necessary, into the force, if necessary, into the affairs of Caribbean nations affairs of Caribbean nations if they could not pay debts if they could not pay debts or posed a threat to U.S. or posed a threat to U.S. interests. interests.

WorkbooksWorkbooks

►Complete Chapter 11: Complete Chapter 11:

page 24 Progressivismpage 24 Progressivism► Root word of progressivism is Root word of progressivism is ProgressProgress..► At the turn of the 20At the turn of the 20thth Century many concerned Americans wanted to Century many concerned Americans wanted to

reform “monopoly, corruption, inefficiency and social injustice.” reform “monopoly, corruption, inefficiency and social injustice.” ► ** Progressivism tried to reduce the abuses that had come with ** Progressivism tried to reduce the abuses that had come with

modernization and industrialization.modernization and industrialization.► By using the power of government the lives of United States citizens By using the power of government the lives of United States citizens

and new immigrants could be improved.and new immigrants could be improved.► Improving the everyday lives of people in the United States was seen Improving the everyday lives of people in the United States was seen

as as ProgressProgress. .

Page 24 Jacob Riis and his PhotosPage 24 Jacob Riis and his Photos► **Jacob Riis**Jacob Riis was an immigrant from was an immigrant from

Denmark.Denmark.

► He was a photo-journalist [photographer He was a photo-journalist [photographer who told stories with photos] for New York who told stories with photos] for New York City newspapers.City newspapers.

► He told thousands of photos showing how He told thousands of photos showing how immigrants lived in immigrants lived in squalorsqualor [horrible [horrible poverty], and unsafe/unsanitary conditions.poverty], and unsafe/unsanitary conditions.

► In 1890 he published a collection of his In 1890 he published a collection of his photos titled photos titled How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives showing how the poorest of the urban poor showing how the poorest of the urban poor lived. Americans were outraged!lived. Americans were outraged!

Page 24 Muck and MuckrakersPage 24 Muck and Muckrakers► MuckMuck is another word for dirt, slime is another word for dirt, slime

and filth.and filth.► During the late Gilded Age and During the late Gilded Age and

expansion of industrialization expansion of industrialization courageous journalists wrote scathing, courageous journalists wrote scathing, stinging rebukes of certain businesses.stinging rebukes of certain businesses.

► ****These writers were said to stir These writers were said to stir up muck or dirt by exposing up muck or dirt by exposing political and business corroption.political and business corroption.

► **Ida Tarbell a journalist [reporter] **Ida Tarbell a journalist [reporter] writer based out of New York wrote writer based out of New York wrote dozens of investigative reports about dozens of investigative reports about the tactics of the Standard Oil the tactics of the Standard Oil Company.Company.

► Her newspaper was threatened with Her newspaper was threatened with lawsuits several times but due to good lawsuits several times but due to good fact checking no lawsuits were ever fact checking no lawsuits were ever successful.successful.

► Many people believed the stories were Many people believed the stories were instrumental in the passage of the instrumental in the passage of the ****Sherman Anti-Trust Act Sherman Anti-Trust Act that that broke up monopolies. broke up monopolies.

Page 24 Muck and Page 24 Muck and MuckrakersMuckrakers

► Novelist Novelist Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair, another , another muckraker, wrote about the muckraker, wrote about the scandalously organized meat scandalously organized meat packing industry.packing industry.

► His best selling book His best selling book The JungleThe Jungle detailed how unsafe working detailed how unsafe working conditions in the meat packing conditions in the meat packing industry that burdened mostly industry that burdened mostly immigrant workers.immigrant workers.

► His tales of extremely poor His tales of extremely poor sanitation conditions threatened the sanitation conditions threatened the lives of consumers who ate lives of consumers who ate products often housed among products often housed among rodents, roaches and other vermin.rodents, roaches and other vermin.

► **As a result, shortly after the novel **As a result, shortly after the novel was released, the FDA [Food and was released, the FDA [Food and Drug Administration] was founded Drug Administration] was founded to protect food safety.to protect food safety.

Page 25 The Square DealPage 25 The Square Deal► President Theodore Roosevelt was outraged by President Theodore Roosevelt was outraged by The Jungle.The Jungle.► Roosevelt ordered review of all major business industries and wanted to Roosevelt ordered review of all major business industries and wanted to

install tighter government control to prevent abuse by install tighter government control to prevent abuse by Big BusinessBig Business..► **Roosevelt’s solution was to unveil a domestic policy called the **Roosevelt’s solution was to unveil a domestic policy called the

Square Deal Square Deal predicated on predicated on environmental conservationenvironmental conservation, , consumer protectionconsumer protection and and trust bustingtrust busting..

► Many citizens doubted he could control the immense power of Many citizens doubted he could control the immense power of companies such as U.S. Steel and Standard Oil.companies such as U.S. Steel and Standard Oil.

► Many new anti-trust regulations were passed during and after his Many new anti-trust regulations were passed during and after his administration and millions of acres of forest were saved by national administration and millions of acres of forest were saved by national parks.parks.

Page 25Page 25Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

► **The 19th Amendment to the Constitution**The 19th Amendment to the Constitution, , guaranteeing women the right to vote, is ratified by guaranteeing women the right to vote, is ratified by Tennessee, giving it the two-thirds majority of state Tennessee, giving it the two-thirds majority of state ratification necessary to make it the law of the land. The ratification necessary to make it the law of the land. The amendment was the culmination of more than 70 years of amendment was the culmination of more than 70 years of struggle by woman suffragists. Its two sections read simply: struggle by woman suffragists. Its two sections read simply: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex” and “Congress shall have power to enforce account of sex” and “Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.”this article by appropriate legislation.”

►   **The territory of **The territory of WyomingWyoming was the first to give women the  was the first to give women the vote in 1869.vote in 1869.

► Watch:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gP7s6CNHTOsWatch:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gP7s6CNHTOs

Page 25Page 25Social ReformationSocial Reformation

► Hull-HouseHull-House- ** - ** Jane Addams Jane Addams founded it in 1889 as a founded it in 1889 as a social settlement, Hull-House played a vital role in redefining social settlement, Hull-House played a vital role in redefining American democracy in the modern age. Addams and the American democracy in the modern age. Addams and the residents of Hull-House helped pass critical legislation and residents of Hull-House helped pass critical legislation and influenced public policy on public health and education, free influenced public policy on public health and education, free speech, fair labor practices, immigrants’ rights, recreation and speech, fair labor practices, immigrants’ rights, recreation and public space, arts, and philanthropy. Hull-House has long been public space, arts, and philanthropy. Hull-House has long been a center of Chicago’s political and cultural life, establishing a center of Chicago’s political and cultural life, establishing Chicago’s first public playground and public art gallery, helping Chicago’s first public playground and public art gallery, helping to desegregate the Chicago Public Schools, and influencing to desegregate the Chicago Public Schools, and influencing philanthropy and culture.  **She saw the value of diversity. philanthropy and culture.  **She saw the value of diversity. Addams suggested that by bringing their cultural heritage to Addams suggested that by bringing their cultural heritage to the United States, immigrants kept America from becoming the United States, immigrants kept America from becoming static. Plurism – more than one – kind of culture. static. Plurism – more than one – kind of culture.

► Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw4GZeABlNIWatch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw4GZeABlNI

page 26page 26Women Social ReformersWomen Social Reformers

►****Susan B. Susan B. Anthony was Anthony was an American social reformer and  social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the feminist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.  movement. Born into a Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected  family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New  petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society..

► **Florence Kelley**Florence Kelley was a social and political reformer. Her work was a social and political reformer. Her work against against sweatshops and for the  and for the minimum wage,,eight-hour workdays,,[1] and  and children's rights[2] is widely regarded today. From its founding  is widely regarded today. From its founding in 1899, Kelley served as the first general secretary of the in 1899, Kelley served as the first general secretary of the National Consumers League. In 1909 Kelley helped create the . In 1909 Kelley helped create the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). (NAACP).

► Watch: Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z2BVmzLETQ► **WCTU= Women’s Christian Temperance Movement- WCTU **WCTU= Women’s Christian Temperance Movement- WCTU

became one of the largest and most influential women’s became one of the largest and most influential women’s groups of the 19th century by expanding its platform to groups of the 19th century by expanding its platform to campaign for labor laws, prison reform and suffrage. campaign for labor laws, prison reform and suffrage. 

Page 26Page 26Men Social ReformersMen Social Reformers

► **Richard Theodore Ely**Richard Theodore Ely (April 13, 1854 – October 4, 1943) was an  (April 13, 1854 – October 4, 1943) was an American American economist, author, and leader of the , author, and leader of the Progressive movement who  who ** **(he used language from the (he used language from the Declaration of Independence to talk about the bad working Declaration of Independence to talk about the bad working conditions of the factory workers) compulsory education, conditions of the factory workers) compulsory education, child labor, , and and labor unions. Ely is best remembered as a founder and the first . Ely is best remembered as a founder and the first Secretary of the Secretary of the American Economic Association, as a founder and , as a founder and secretary of the secretary of the Christian Social Union, and as the author of a series , and as the author of a series of widely read books on the of widely read books on the organized labor movement, , socialism, , and other social questions. and other social questions.

Page 27Page 27ProhibitionProhibition

► **Prohibition**Prohibition is the act of prohibiting the  is the act of prohibiting the manufacturing, , storage in storage in barrels, , bottles,,transportation and sale of  and sale of alcohol including  including alcoholic beverages. The term can also apply to . The term can also apply to periods in the histories of countries during which the periods in the histories of countries during which the prohibition of alcohol was enforced.prohibition of alcohol was enforced.

► Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmGkrhJD9oYWatch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmGkrhJD9oY

Page 27Page 27Social ReformationSocial Reformation

► The The settlement movementsettlement movement was a  was a reformist reformist social movement, beginning in , beginning in the 1880s and peaking around the 1920s the 1880s and peaking around the 1920s in England and the US, with a goal of in England and the US, with a goal of getting the rich and poor in society to getting the rich and poor in society to live more closely together in an live more closely together in an interdependent community. Its main interdependent community. Its main object was the establishment of object was the establishment of **"**"settlement houses" in poor urban settlement houses" in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income poverty of, their low-income neighbors. The "settlement houses" neighbors. The "settlement houses" provided services such as daycare, provided services such as daycare, education, and healthcare to education, and healthcare to improve the lives of the poor in improve the lives of the poor in these areas.these areas.[1]

►   

Page 27Page 27Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington

►**Booker T.Washington**Booker T.Washington  (April 5, 1856 – November 14, (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to 1915) was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the dominant leader in the African-American community. community.

► Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants, who were newly oppressed by descendants, who were newly oppressed by disfranchisement and the  and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post- discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states in the  Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1895 his late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1895 his Atlanta compromise called for  called for avoiding confrontation over segregation and instead putting more reliance on avoiding confrontation over segregation and instead putting more reliance on long-term educational and economic advancement in the black community.long-term educational and economic advancement in the black community.

►   His message was that it was **not the time to challenge His message was that it was **not the time to challenge Jim Crow segregation  segregation and the disfranchisement of black voters in the South. Washington mobilized a and the disfranchisement of black voters in the South. Washington mobilized a nationwide coalition of middle-class blacks, church leaders, and white nationwide coalition of middle-class blacks, church leaders, and white philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the community's economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and community's economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and schooling.schooling.

Page 27Page 27W.E.B. Du BoisW.E.B. Du Bois

► **Racism was the main target of what he stood for and he **Racism was the main target of what he stood for and he strongly protested against lynching, strongly protested against lynching, Jim Crow laws, and , and discrimination in education and employment. His cause  in education and employment. His cause included people of color everywhere, particularly Africans and included people of color everywhere, particularly Africans and Asians in colonies. He was a proponent of Pan-Africanism and Asians in colonies. He was a proponent of Pan-Africanism and helped organize several helped organize several Pan-African Congresses to fight for  to fight for independence of African colonies from European powers. independence of African colonies from European powers. Du Bois made several trips to Europe, Africa and Asia. After Du Bois made several trips to Europe, Africa and Asia. After World War I, he surveyed the experiences of American black World War I, he surveyed the experiences of American black soldiers in France and documented widespread bigotry in the soldiers in France and documented widespread bigotry in the United States military.United States military.

► ** He started the NAACP in 1909.** He started the NAACP in 1909.► Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZnR6_7e98AWatch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZnR6_7e98A

Page 28Page 28FloridaFlorida

► **Napoleon Bonaparte Broward**Napoleon Bonaparte Broward (April 19, 1857 – October 1,  (April 19, 1857 – October 1, 1910) was an1910) was anAmerican river pilot, captain, and politician; he was  river pilot, captain, and politician; he was elected as the elected as the 19th Governor of the  of the U.S. state of  of Florida from January  from January 3, 1905 to January 5, 1909. He was best known for his major project 3, 1905 to January 5, 1909. He was best known for his major project to drain the to drain the Everglades to recover land for agricultural cultivation. to recover land for agricultural cultivation.

**Henry Bradley Plant**Henry Bradley Plant (October 27, 1819 - June 23, 1899), was  (October 27, 1819 - June 23, 1899), was involved with many involved with many transportation projects, mostly  projects, mostly railroads, in the , in the U.S. state of  of Florida. Eventually he owned the . Eventually he owned the Plant System of  of railroads which became part of therailroads which became part of theAtlantic Coast Line Railroad. . Plant City, located near , located near Tampa, was named after him., was named after him.

Page 28Page 28Progressives and Tax and ConstitutionProgressives and Tax and Constitution

► **Progressive Income Tax - The term is frequently applied in reference to **Progressive Income Tax - The term is frequently applied in reference to personal personal income taxes, in which people with lower , in which people with lower income pay a lower  pay a lower percentage of that income in tax than do those with higher income.percentage of that income in tax than do those with higher income.

► **Constitutional change- they added 4 amendments!!**Constitutional change- they added 4 amendments!!► The Progressives tried to permanently fix their reforms into law through The Progressives tried to permanently fix their reforms into law through

constitutional amendments 16–19. The 16th amendment made an income constitutional amendments 16–19. The 16th amendment made an income tax legal (this required an amendment due to Article One, Section 9 of the tax legal (this required an amendment due to Article One, Section 9 of the Constitution, which required that direct taxes be laid on the States in Constitution, which required that direct taxes be laid on the States in proportion to their population as determined by the decennial census). The proportion to their population as determined by the decennial census). The Progressives also made strides in attempts to reduce political corruption Progressives also made strides in attempts to reduce political corruption through the 17th amendment and the direct election of U.S. Senators. The through the 17th amendment and the direct election of U.S. Senators. The most radical and controversial amendment came during the anti-German most radical and controversial amendment came during the anti-German craze of World War Ithat helped the Progressives push through their plan craze of World War Ithat helped the Progressives push through their plan for prohibition through the 18th amendment (once the Progressives fell out for prohibition through the 18th amendment (once the Progressives fell out of power the 21st amendment repealed the 18th in 1933). The final of power the 21st amendment repealed the 18th in 1933). The final progressive amendment came with the passage of the 19th progressive amendment came with the passage of the 19th amendment and women's suffrage.amendment and women's suffrage.[46][46]