commerical imaging constellation
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1Skybox Imaging, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential
Pulse�of�the�Planet,�Delivered�Daily
Commercial�Imaging�Constellation�Meets�Cloud�Computing
Oliver�Guinan03�Ͳ 20�Ͳ 2013
ollie@skybox.com© 2013 by Skybox Imaging, Inc. Published by The Aerospace Corporation with permission.
2Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Skybox�Imaging
2
Fast-growing Team
4 25 53 80
2009 2010
2011
2012
Located in Mountain View, Ca Venture Capital Funded
Imaging & Analytics
215�automobiles
55,245�gallonsof�oil�crude
6,254containers
43%damage
Ͳ15%vegetation
3Skybox Imaging
The Skybox VisionAn�unprecedented�platform to�deliver�analytics of�daily�global�activity Ͳ derived�from�mining timely�satellite�
imagery�&�video
3
4Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Unreliable�data�delivery• Unresponsive�suppliers�are�focused�on�US�Govt
• 6�days�Ͳ 16�months,�no�guarantees
• Difficult�ordering�process
Not�web�accessible• 10%�of�16�petabyte�library�is�web�accessible
• Industry�using�antiquated�databases�
Difficult�to�understand• Highly�trained�analysts�required�to�use�data
• Expensive�analysis�software�required
Expensive• Greater�than�$2,000�per�image
4
Why�not�just�buy�data?
Day�in�the�Life�Ͳ 2013
5Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Problem:�Small�Number�Of�GoldͲPlated�Satellites
Traditional�Imaging�Satellites
Mission�Cost�����$500M
Mass������������������ 2,000Kg
Lifetime�������������7.25�Years
5
6Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Solution:�Many�LowͲCost�Microsatellites
Traditional
Mission�Cost�����$500M�������������������$<<500M
Mass������������������ 2,000Kg����������������100�Kg
Lifetime�������������7.25�Years��������������3+�Years
SkySats
Introducing
SkySat�
6
9Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
ChallengeIndex the Earth, daily
Create�a�commercial�company�using�lowͲcost,�modern�satellites�to�image�the�earth.�Process�all�of�this�data�and�use�it�to�make�immediate�decisions.
9
SatelliteLow�Cost,�high�capability•Current�technology•Commercial�componentsHeterogeneous�constellation•Multiple�generations�in�orbit�at�once•Potentially�significant�differences�in�capability•Scales�with�customer�demand
Ground�SystemLow�Cost,�high�capability•Current�technology•Reliable�systemDesign�to�scale•Independent�upgrade�cycle•System�extends�to�handle�capabilities�of�new�satellites�•Scales�with�business�success
10
Create�a�schedule�based�on�satellite�orbit�and�potential�images
Plan
Schedule
Task
Process
Deliver
Ground�System
Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Ground,�Satellite�interactions
10
Execute
Capture
Downlink
Satellite
Reserve�RGS�resources
Deliver�schedule�to�satellite,�delete�old�images
Retrieve�new�images�from�Satellite
Render�raw�images�into�product�(L1B�images,�HD�Video)
Publish�processed�product�to�Customer
Delete�instructed�images
Capture�instructed�imagesManage�camera�hardwareCollect�telemetry�Store�image�to�recorder
Establish�RF�link�to�RGSManage�TT&C�radioManage�Payload�radioRetrieve�images�from�recorderTransmit�image�stream�to�RGS
12Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Key�Enablers�
12
SOA
OSS
Loose Coupling
Self Identifying
Software
Data
Unstructured
Dictionaries
Versioning
13Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Key�Enablers�
13
SOA
OSS
Loose Coupling
Self Identifying
Flexible build process
Automated Deployment
Continuous IntegrationConstant
Improvement
Software
Infrastructure Data
Unstructured
Dictionaries
Versioning
14Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Key�Enablers�
14
SOA
OSS
Loose Coupling
Self Identifying
Virtualization
Linux
COTS
Flexible build process
Automated Deployment
Continuous IntegrationConstant
Improvement
Software Hardware/OS
Infrastructure Data
Unstructured
Dictionaries
Versioning
15Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Total�Raw�Data�compute
Satellites�produce�~1TB�of�data/day
15
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Gen1 Gen2 Gen3 Gen4 Gen5
Dat
a C
aptu
red
per Y
ear (
PB
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Sen
sors
in N
etw
ork
Title
Sensors in Network Processed Data Single Satellite
16Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Total�Raw�Data�storage
Satellites�produce�~1TB�of�data/day
16
0
5
10
15
20
25
Gen1 Gen2 Gen3 Gen4 Gen5
Arc
hive
Siz
e (P
B)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Sen
sors
in N
etw
ork
Title
Sensors in Network Stored Data Single Satellite
17Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Hadoop�at�Skybox
17
Hadoop Task
C code
math.libgdal.libcv.lib
BusBoy
Logging ProgressInputs Outputs
Hadoop JobTracker
HDFS HBase Hive
18Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Patterns�&�AntiPatterns
18
Creating�flexible�services•Service�fails�when�used�for�advertised�capabilities•Services�work�well�for�initial�system�requirement•Services�are�capable�of�more�than�initial�system�requirement
• Interfaces�are�well�defined�and�unit�tested�Ͳ but�not�well�used• Performance,�functionality�
Comprehensive�white�box�testing�of�servicesݱPerformance�&�Scale•Loosely�coupled�systems�have�interesting�performance�characteristics�Measure�performance�and�throughput�everywhereݱ
• Min,�Max�and�recent�timing�data”Ground�System�“telemetryݱFlight�operators�monitor�system�performanceݱFlexibility•Change�happens
ݱ Enable�customers�to�extend�system�capabilitiesݱ Provide�sandboxed�environments�with�familiar�tools
19Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Patterns�&�AntiPatterns
19
Simulation•Data�specifications�are�correct�but�incomplete•Telemetry�playback�helps,�but�it’s�incomplete•Simulation�fills�the�gap�between�specified�and�real�life�characteristics�
• Test�destructive�error�casesDesktop�simulation�allows�engineers�to�build�and�test�Ground�SoftwareݱTestbeds•Realistic�traffic�overwhelms�the�system
• Testbed�effectively�is�the�satellite• QA�&�FlightOps�certify�every�release�against�testbed
�Control�testbed�using�production�systemݱSecurity•Encrypted�traffic�cannot�be�debugged�or�characterized•Hardware�decryption�is�expensive�and�complex�
• Cannot�determine�if�a�particular�stream�is�good�data�Develop�and�test�using�software�encryption�&�decryption�with�well�known�keysݱ
20Skybox�Imaging,�Inc.�GSAW�2013
Conclusions
20
LowͲcost�systems�can�be�highly�capable•Extent�well�proven�Open�Source�Software�•Software�engineering�is�a�core�skill•Design�for�future�missions•Data�is�a�first�class�citizen�
Big�Data•Avoid�scale�limitations
• License,�hardware,�network,�software•Software�implementations�for�development
Cloud�computing�works•Internally�for�development,�QA�and�testing•Externally�for�flexible�deployment•For�complex,�reliable�systems�it’s�affordable
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