launching a new nation chapter 6- sophomore american history
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LAUNCHING A NEW NATION
Chapter 6- Sophomore American History
WASHINGTON HEADS A NEW GOVRNEMNT
New Government Takes Shape- Page 182
April 6th, 1789-George Washington was the unanimous choice for President- Very Popular.
The President and Congress realized that they were setting Precedents
THE FIRST CONGRESS
1791- Ratification of the Bill of Rights Creation of the Federal Court System
Judiciary Act of 1789Established 3 federal circuit courts, and 13 federal districts, one for each state.
Provided for a 6 man Supreme Court, Nominated by the President, approved by the Senate
State decisions could be appealed to a federal court when constitutional issues were raised.
FEDERAL LAW IS SUPREME
Washington’s Executive Branch
PRESIDENTS CABINET- Chief AdvisorsState Department- Foreign Affairs- Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State
War Department- Military Affairs- Henry Knox, Secretary of War
Treasury Department- oversee the nations finances- Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton
Attorney General- Edmond Randolph
HAMILTON AND JEFFERSON IN CONFLICT
Page 184 The government had inherited
serious financial problems Hamilton’s job- put the nation’s
economy on firm footing He proposed a plan to:
Manage the countries debt Establish a national banking
system Debt- $77 million
2/3 was the national debt 1/3 was the state debt
Some of this money was owed to foreign countries, and some owed to our own citizens- Soldiers
Hamilton wanted to pay off ALL debts
Pages 184-185 Tariff and excise tax on liquor
HAMILTON’S BANK PROPOSAL
Hamilton backed the idea of a national bank. Safe place to deposit
government funds A sound uniform currency A source of loans
Opponents: James Madison and Thomas Jefferson Forge an unhealthy alliance
between government and wealthy business
Strict Construction of the Constitution
Alexander Hamilton- Loose Construction of the Constitution
District of Columbia Whiskey Rebellion 2 Party System
Democratic- Republicans Federalists
SECTION II – Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
French Revolution- US Response- Pg 190
As the Fr. Revolution spiraled into “The Reign of Terror” American support was split Dem.- Rep supported the
Revolution- Jefferson & Madison
Federalist supported the British
President Washington- Took the middle position- 1793- Neutrality Act
President Washington knew that America was not ready for war Edmund Genet Jefferson Resigns
Trouble on the Frontier
British forts in the Northwest Territory had supplied the Indians. This violated the 1783 Treaty of Paris and stained American relations with Britain. Attacking American shipping and arresting American sailors
Jay’s Treaty with Britain – 1794 British agreed to abandon their forts US would pay debts owed to British British could continue fur trade on the American side of
the US and Canadian border- Upset Americans Pickney’s Treaty with Spain – 1795
Southern Border of the US at the 31st parallel. American Navigation on the Mississippi River. Right to Deposit in New Orleans
Trouble on the Frontier
Many Indians refused to leave the Northwest Territory.
Washington sent federal troops against the American Indians. Battle of Fallen Timbers - 1794 Treaty of Greenville – 1794
Indians gave up claims to land in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan
$20,000 in goods – acknowledgement of land they still had
Election of 1796
Washington decided not to run for a third term Announced he would
not run for a third term.- No man should be president for more than 2 terms.
Steer clear of permanent alliances
Political Parties and Regional Interests (Sectionalism)
1796 Election
Became a contest of opposing parties
Federalist- John Adams and Thomas Pickney
Democratic/Republicans- Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
The rise of sectionalism and political parties
1796 Election Federalists
Strong Central Government
Alexander Hamilton and John Adams
Merchants, Manufactures,
Popular along the Northeast and the Atlantic Seaboard
Rich, well born, and able
Promote the development of Commerce with Britain
Supported the British Did not trust the
common man to govern
Democratic – Republicans Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Planters, small farmers, artisans, workers, trades people.
Frontier and South Farmers deserved the greatest voice
Supported the French Protected state rights and individual liberties
Feared a strong central government
ADAMS TRIES TO AVOID WAR
XYZ AFFAIR Siezing of American Ships Directory was in Power- Napoleon was gaining Power Tallyrand- Military build-up- Pg. 195
ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS Raised Residence requirements for aliens to become
citizens Deport or jail “undesirables” Sedition Act- Made it difficult to protest the war
VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS Madison and Jefferson- Can a State nullify a law that
they think is unconstitutional? Page 196-
NULLIFICATION DEATH OF WASHINGTON- Page 196
Election of 1800 Republicans- Thomas Jefferson and Aaron
Burr Federalists- John Adams and Charles
Pickney Jefferson and Burr received the same
number of electoral votes Went into the House- 35 votes Role of Alexander Hamilton 12th Amendment Jefferson as President
Reduce the size of government Only taxed imports and money from
land sales Smaller military- threat to civil liberties
Federalists and the Judiciary
Federalists lost control of the presidency and the Congress. They wanted to maintain control of the Judiciary
Judiciary Act of 1801 John Marshall Judicial Review Marbury VS Madison
John Adams
The Louisiana Purchase
1762 - Spain controlled the region of Louisiana
Late 1700s - Napoleon and France took control of Louisiana! WHY?
1803 - Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans for $10 million.
Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million. WHY?
Toussaint-Louverture
Causes of the War of 1812
Read Page 202 The British and the
French were harassing American Shipping The British and
Impressment The Chesapeake Affair
Embargo Act - (1807) Stopped the shipment of all US goods to foreign ports. This hurt American trade
interests more than France and Britain
It was lifted in 1809
Confrontation in the West
More Americans were pouring into the western lands. This led to increased tensions.
Tecumseh- William Henry
Harrison- Battle of Tippecanoe- Role of the British-
American’s blamed Britain for the uprising
CONGRESS DECLARES WAR
Henry Clay
John Calhoun
A cry for war against Britain arose in Congress.
War Hawks- John C. Calhoun, and Henry Clay
1812, President Madison asked for a declaration of War against Britain
Vote was split-southerners and westerners- Middle Atlantic and Northeast
Election of 1808
War of 1812
War’s first phase War’s second phase Treaty of Ghent - Dec.
24th, 1814 Battle of New Orleans
- Hartford Convention -
made the Federalists look like traitors.
Federalist party
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