LAUNCHING A NEW NATION

Chapter 6- Sophomore American History

WASHINGTON HEADS A NEW GOVRNEMNT

New Government Takes Shape- Page 182

April 6th, 1789-George Washington was the unanimous choice for President- Very Popular.

The President and Congress realized that they were setting Precedents

THE FIRST CONGRESS

1791- Ratification of the Bill of Rights Creation of the Federal Court System

Judiciary Act of 1789Established 3 federal circuit courts, and 13 federal districts, one for each state.

Provided for a 6 man Supreme Court, Nominated by the President, approved by the Senate

State decisions could be appealed to a federal court when constitutional issues were raised.

FEDERAL LAW IS SUPREME

Washington’s Executive Branch

PRESIDENTS CABINET- Chief AdvisorsState Department- Foreign Affairs- Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State

War Department- Military Affairs- Henry Knox, Secretary of War

Treasury Department- oversee the nations finances- Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton

Attorney General- Edmond Randolph

HAMILTON AND JEFFERSON IN CONFLICT

Page 184 The government had inherited

serious financial problems Hamilton’s job- put the nation’s

economy on firm footing He proposed a plan to:

Manage the countries debt Establish a national banking

system Debt- $77 million

2/3 was the national debt 1/3 was the state debt

Some of this money was owed to foreign countries, and some owed to our own citizens- Soldiers

Hamilton wanted to pay off ALL debts

Pages 184-185 Tariff and excise tax on liquor

HAMILTON’S BANK PROPOSAL

Hamilton backed the idea of a national bank. Safe place to deposit

government funds A sound uniform currency A source of loans

Opponents: James Madison and Thomas Jefferson Forge an unhealthy alliance

between government and wealthy business

Strict Construction of the Constitution

Alexander Hamilton- Loose Construction of the Constitution

District of Columbia Whiskey Rebellion 2 Party System

Democratic- Republicans Federalists

SECTION II – Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation

French Revolution- US Response- Pg 190

As the Fr. Revolution spiraled into “The Reign of Terror” American support was split Dem.- Rep supported the

Revolution- Jefferson & Madison

Federalist supported the British

President Washington- Took the middle position- 1793- Neutrality Act

President Washington knew that America was not ready for war Edmund Genet Jefferson Resigns

Trouble on the Frontier

British forts in the Northwest Territory had supplied the Indians. This violated the 1783 Treaty of Paris and stained American relations with Britain. Attacking American shipping and arresting American sailors

Jay’s Treaty with Britain – 1794 British agreed to abandon their forts US would pay debts owed to British British could continue fur trade on the American side of

the US and Canadian border- Upset Americans Pickney’s Treaty with Spain – 1795

Southern Border of the US at the 31st parallel. American Navigation on the Mississippi River. Right to Deposit in New Orleans

Trouble on the Frontier

Many Indians refused to leave the Northwest Territory.

Washington sent federal troops against the American Indians. Battle of Fallen Timbers - 1794 Treaty of Greenville – 1794

Indians gave up claims to land in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan

$20,000 in goods – acknowledgement of land they still had

Election of 1796

Washington decided not to run for a third term Announced he would

not run for a third term.- No man should be president for more than 2 terms.

Steer clear of permanent alliances

Political Parties and Regional Interests (Sectionalism)

1796 Election

Became a contest of opposing parties

Federalist- John Adams and Thomas Pickney

Democratic/Republicans- Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

The rise of sectionalism and political parties

1796 Election Federalists

Strong Central Government

Alexander Hamilton and John Adams

Merchants, Manufactures,

Popular along the Northeast and the Atlantic Seaboard

Rich, well born, and able

Promote the development of Commerce with Britain

Supported the British Did not trust the

common man to govern

Democratic – Republicans Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Planters, small farmers, artisans, workers, trades people.

Frontier and South Farmers deserved the greatest voice

Supported the French Protected state rights and individual liberties

Feared a strong central government

ADAMS TRIES TO AVOID WAR

XYZ AFFAIR Siezing of American Ships Directory was in Power- Napoleon was gaining Power Tallyrand- Military build-up- Pg. 195

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS Raised Residence requirements for aliens to become

citizens Deport or jail “undesirables” Sedition Act- Made it difficult to protest the war

VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS Madison and Jefferson- Can a State nullify a law that

they think is unconstitutional? Page 196-

NULLIFICATION DEATH OF WASHINGTON- Page 196

Election of 1800 Republicans- Thomas Jefferson and Aaron

Burr Federalists- John Adams and Charles

Pickney Jefferson and Burr received the same

number of electoral votes Went into the House- 35 votes Role of Alexander Hamilton 12th Amendment Jefferson as President

Reduce the size of government Only taxed imports and money from

land sales Smaller military- threat to civil liberties

Federalists and the Judiciary

Federalists lost control of the presidency and the Congress. They wanted to maintain control of the Judiciary

Judiciary Act of 1801 John Marshall Judicial Review Marbury VS Madison

John Adams

The Louisiana Purchase

1762 - Spain controlled the region of Louisiana

Late 1700s - Napoleon and France took control of Louisiana! WHY?

1803 - Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans for $10 million.

Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million. WHY?

Toussaint-Louverture

Causes of the War of 1812

Read Page 202 The British and the

French were harassing American Shipping The British and

Impressment The Chesapeake Affair

Embargo Act - (1807) Stopped the shipment of all US goods to foreign ports. This hurt American trade

interests more than France and Britain

It was lifted in 1809

Confrontation in the West

More Americans were pouring into the western lands. This led to increased tensions.

Tecumseh- William Henry

Harrison- Battle of Tippecanoe- Role of the British-

American’s blamed Britain for the uprising

CONGRESS DECLARES WAR

Henry Clay

John Calhoun

A cry for war against Britain arose in Congress.

War Hawks- John C. Calhoun, and Henry Clay

1812, President Madison asked for a declaration of War against Britain

Vote was split-southerners and westerners- Middle Atlantic and Northeast

Election of 1808

War of 1812

War’s first phase War’s second phase Treaty of Ghent - Dec.

24th, 1814 Battle of New Orleans

- Hartford Convention -

made the Federalists look like traitors.

Federalist party