Annotated Answer SheetUnit Test Progressivism Form C

Class Periods 5,7Questions 1- 3 Relate to the Image Below

1. What event was the context for the above image from 1910?a. The failure of Taft to fulfill TR’s New Nationalism platformb. The failure of Taft to arbitrate a series of anti-trust cases.c. Taft’s anger in being able to end the Spanish-American War.d. TR’s anger that Taft had failed to fulfill his Square Deal policies.

2.The rift between Taft and TR was caused mostly by

a. The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair b. The Teapot Dome Scandalc. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff d. The Peggy Eaton Affair

answers 1,2 both relate to the Ballinger-Pinchot affair. This was the environmental issue that was dear to TR and he felt that Taft did not investigate the claims carefully.

3. Which of the following aspects of the Taft years would TR have most appreciated?a. His use of the U.S. Navy and Marines to invade Mexicob. His trust-busting practices and corporate regulation.c. His position on environmental issuesd. His position on lynching and race relations.

Taft doubled the number of trusts that were attacked

Questions 4-7 relate to the passage below

“Meat scraps were also found being shoveled into receptacles from dirty floors where they were left to lie until again shoveled into barrels or into machines for chopping. These floors, it must be noted, were in most cases damp and soggy, in dark, ill-ventilated rooms, and the employees in utter ignorance of cleanliness or danger to health, expectorated at will upon them. In a word, we saw meat shoveled from filthy wooden floors, piled on tables rarely washed, pushed from room to room in rotten box carts, in all of which processes it was in the way of gathering dirt, splinters, floor filth, and the expectoration of tuberculosis and other diseased workers.”

The Neill-Reynolds Report, June 4, 1906.

4. Which writer using a fictional work brought home the realities of filth in the meat packing industry?a. Upton Sinclair b. Sinclair Lewis c. Davis Sinclair d. Jacob Riis

Sinclair wrote The Jungle

5. A new Progressive influence resulted from investigations such as this report. What other consumer protection legislation also was passed in this era?

a. The Hepburn Act b. The Mann Actc. The Pure Food and Drug Act d. The Mann-Elkins Act

This was the origin of the Food and Drug Admin. (FDA)

6. In the 1960s another wave of legislation was passed protecting the American consumer. Which of the following best fits this category?

a. The Truth in Labeling Actb. The Environmental Protection Agency Actb. The Truth in Lending Actd. The Mann-Elkins Act

Passed by LBJ this was also an important consumer protection law. The other selections do not equal consumer protection

Questions 7- 8 Relate to the Image Below

7. Which statement best explains the context of the image above?a. The Western states were more conservative than the rest of the nation.b. That the Western states are more Progressivec. That the nation was seriously divided and a second Civil War loomed.d. That the nation was politically divided between Democrats and Republicans

8. The battle over which amendment serves as the backdrop of the cartoon?a. Sixteenth Amendment b. Seventeenth Amendmentc. Eighteenth Amendment d. Nineteenth Amendment

The western states did indeed lead the way on women’s suffrage in creating the “perfect 36”

Questions 9 -12 Relate to the Excerpt Below“The preliminary work of the Bureau of Corporations in the Department has shown the wisdom of its creation. Publicity in corporate affairs will tend to do away with ignorance, and will afford facts upon which intelligent action may be taken. Systematic, intelligent investigation is already developing facts the knowledge of which is essential to a right understanding of the needs and duties of the business world. The corporation which is honestly and fairly organized, whose managers in the conduct of its business recognize their obligation to deal squarely with their stockholders, their competitors, and the public, has nothing to fear from such supervision. The purpose of this Bureau is not to embarrass or assail legitimate business, but to aid in bringing about a better industrial condition—a condition under which there shall be obedience to law and recognition of public obligation by all corporations, great or small. The Department of Commerce and Labor will be not only the clearing house for information regarding the business transactions of the Nation, but the executive arm of the Government to aid in strengthening our domestic and foreign markets, in perfecting our transportation facilities, in building up our merchant marine, in preventing the entrance of undesirable immigrants, in improving commercial and industrial conditions, and in bringing together on common ground those necessary partners in industrial progress—capital and labor.”

Theodore Roosevelt, State of Union Address, 1903

9. The Roosevelt Administration demonstrated the seriousness of its plan to more strictly regulate corporations with which case below?

a. Northern Securities v. The U.S. (1904) b. Munn v. Illinois (1877)c. Muller v. Oregon (1906) d. Schenk v. U.S. (1919)

This was JP Morgan’s company

10. Roosevelt’s plans to handle labor issues was best illustrated bya. His call to prosecute J.P. Morgan’s Northern Securities case.b. His arbitration of the 1902 Coal Strikec. The passage of the Adamson Act creating the first 8-hour work dayd. The passage of the Keating-Owen Act

11. The Wilson Administration expanded upon Roosevelt’s policies on corporate regulation with the passage of thea. Keating-Owen Act b. The Clayton Anti-Trust Actc. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act d. The Federal Reserve Act

12. The Wilson Administration expanded upon Roosevelt’s policies on labor relations with the passage of thea. Keating-Owen Act b. The Clayton Anti-Trust Actc. The Workmen’s Compensation Act d. The Federal Reserve Act

Questions 10, 11, and 12 all relate to labor and regulation of corporations. The answer on 12 relates to the “right to strike” proviso of the Clayton Act.

Questions 13 - 15 Relate to the Passage Below“When I first saw Yosemite, and read the notices posted by the State Commissioners, forbidding the cutting or marring the beauty in any way of the trees and shrubs, etc., I said, ‘How fine it is that this grand valley has been made a park, for the enjoyment of all the world! Here we shall have a section of the wonderful flora of the mountains of California….’ But instead of enjoying special protection…it has suffered special destruction, for lack of the extraordinary care that so much trampling travel in it required. Therefore, now, instead of being most

preciously cared for as the finest of all the park-gardens, it looks like a frowzy, neglected backwoods pasture. The best meadows are enclosed for hay-fields by unsightly fences, and all the rest of the floor of the valley is given up to the destructive pasturage of horses.”

John Muir, Speech to the Sierra Club, 1895

13. The point of view expressed in the passage above is most consistent with the sentiments of which of the following groups?

a. Nativists b. Modernists c. Preservationists d. Corporatists

14. Which of the following most often stood in the way of attempts to achieve the broader goals suggested in the excerpt above?

a. Corporate interests b. Government corruptionc. American Indians d. Supreme Court decisions

15. Which of the following would have most challenged the views expressed by John Muir?a. Richard Ballinger b. William Howard Taftc. Gifford Pinchot d. Theodore Roosevelt

These all relate to the environmentalist issue. Muir, a friend of TR, inspired him to pass the Antiquities Act protecting millions of acres. Question 15 once again relates to the Ballinger -Pinchot Affair

Questions 16 - 18 Relate to the Passage Below

“Wilson’s arrival in the White House in 1913 was a perfect instance of Victor Hugo’s saying, ‘Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come.’ Since the Civil War, the United States had become by far the world’s richest country, with an industrial economy which made all others on earth seem small, and it had done so very largely through the uncoordinated efforts of thousands of individual entrepreneurs. The feeling had grown that it was time for the community as a whole, using the resources of the United States Constitution, to impose a little order on this new giant and to dress him in suitable clothes, labeled ‘The Public Interest.’ Theodore Roosevelt had already laid out some of these clothes, and Wilson was happy to steal them.”

Paul Johnson, A History of the American People, 199716. In the early 1900s, which of the following groups most supported the political changes described in the excerpt above?

a. Large corporations b. Imperialistsc. Progressives d. Recent migrants from southern and eastern Europe

17. Many of those who supported Wilson’s efforts to “impose a little order on this new giant” were also eager toa. preserve the social dominance of rural America.b. strengthen the power of the states in the face of growing federal power.c. keep all levels of government from getting involved in any social problems facing Americans.d. see an expansion of democratic principles throughout the government

18. Which of the following events represents a continuation of the actions described in the passage above?a. Franklin Roosevelt’s efforts to bolster regulation of the banking system in the 1930sb. Lyndon Johnson’s support of the Civil Rights Act of 1964c. Harry Truman’s attempt to contain communism following World War IId. Ronald Reagan’s attempt to shrink “big government” in the 1980s

Both 16-17 should have been pretty obvious and 18 is a synthesis question about the New Deal and FDR’s creation of the SEC, Glass-Steagal Act, and the FDIC

Questions 19- 22 Relate to the Passage Below"To be sure, much of the progressivism was exclusionary. Yet we can now recognize not a singular political persuasion but rather a truly plural set of progressivisms, with workers, African-Americans, women and even Native

Americans-along with a diverse and contentious set of middling folk-taking up the language of and ideas of what was once conceived of as an almost entirely white male, middle class movements. As for the dreams of democracy from the period: despite the frequent blindness of those who embodied them, they remain bold, diverse, and daring. It is for this reason that the democratic political theorists…have looked so longingly at the active citizenship of the Progressive Era, seeking ways to rekindle the democratic impulse of a century ago."

Paul Johnson, historian, The Possibilities of Politics, 2011

19. Which of the following interpretations of progressivism most likely supports this passage?a. Progressives were mostly conservatives in disguiseb. Progressives were almost entirely white, middle class, and urbanc. Progressives were educated modernizersd. Progressives were a diverse group who supported various reforms

20. Which would most directly support the argument that Progressives were exclusionary?a. Rural agrarian reformers played little role in the movementb. Women's movements were sidelined by male-dominated governmentsc. Progressives did little to end racial segregationd. Most Progressives wanted to keep immigrants and laborers from voting

21. Which of the following Progressive reforms most directly promoted "active citizenship?"a. City manager laws b. Breaking up trusts and monopoliesc. The Direct Election of Senators d. Civil Service Commissions

22. Which of the following would most likely have agreed that Progressivism represented an "exclusionary nature?"a. Ida B. Welles b. Theodore Rooseveltc. William Howard Taft d. Robert Lafollette

Question 19 is essentially asking who tended to be Progressive. Question 20 relates to the fact that Progressivism was weaker in the South but also b/c some believed in Social Darwinism. Question 20 related to the 17th Amendment and finally Ida B. Wells saw the bad side of Progressives when Wilson resisted passage of an anti-lynching law.

Questions 23 - 26 Relate to the Political Cartoon Below

23. In the cartoon Roosevelt is seen to be wrestling with which trust?a. The Mining Industry b. The Railroad Industry c. The Utilities d. Big Tobacco

24. The Political Cartoon is likely a reference to the assault on trusts culminating in which Supreme Court Case?a. Lochner v. New York (1908) b. Muller v. Oregon (1908)c. Northern Securities v. U.S. (1903) d. Plessey v Ferguson (1898)

25. The Progressive view of trusts and monopolies could best be summarized by which statement?a. All trusts and monopolies must be eradicated as threats to capitalismb. Some trusts were good but the bad ones must be eradicated.c. Most trusts are acceptable except those such as utilities which involve the "public good"d. Regulating trusts is a slippery slope toward socialism.

26. The attack on trusts and monopolies declined by 1920 for all of the following reasons EXCEPTa. There were no monopolies left to destroy as TR and Taft had been so successfulb. The Federal Trade Commission had assumed federal oversight regarding mergers.c. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act was far more explicit in describe illegal actions of trusts.d. The First World War had encouraged monopolies in war related industries and 1920s Republicans were less inclined to bring anti-monopoly charges.

Question 23 shows a locomotive in the image and once again the Northern Securities case is referenced. Since TR agreed that some monopolies were good, not all were broken up (questions 25-26)

Questions 27 – 28 Relate to the Speech Below“We have become great in a material sense because of the lavish use of our resources, and we have just reason to be proud of our growth. But the time has come to inquire seriously what will happen when our forests are gone, when the coal, the iron, the oil, and the gas are exhausted, when the soils shall have been still further impoverished and washed into the streams, polluting the rivers, denuding the fields, and obstructing navigation. These questions do not relate only to the next century or to the next generation. One distinguishing characteristic of really civilized men is foresight; we have to, as a nation, exercise foresight for this nation in the future; and if we do not exercise that foresight, dark will be the future! [Applause] We should exercise foresight now, as the ordinarily prudent man

exercises foresight in conserving and wisely using the property which contains the assurance of well-being for himself and his children. We want to see a man own his farm rather than rent it, because we want to see it an object to him to transfer it in better order to his children. We want to see him exercise forethought for the next generation. We need to exercise it in some fashion ourselves as a nation for the next generation.The natural resources I have enumerated can be divided into two sharply distinguished classes accordingly as they are or are not capable of renewal. Mines if used must necessarily be exhausted. The minerals do not and cannot renew themselves. Therefore, in dealing with the coal, the oil, the gas, the iron, the metals generally, all that we can do is to try to see that they are wisely used. The exhaustion is certain to come in time. We can trust that it will be deferred long enough to enable the extraordinarily inventive genius of our people to devise means and methods for more or less adequately replacing what is lost; but the exhaustion is sure to come.”

Theodore Roosevelt, Address to the Conference of Governors,1908

27. Which legislation would have been most synonymous with the above speech?a. The Antiquities Act b. The Pure Food and Drug Actc. The Adamson Act d. The Meat Inspection Act

28. Which activist would have generally agreed with the assertions above?a. John Muir b. Upton Sinclair c. Jacob Riis d. Sinclair Lewis

Yep, 2 more environmental questions…let’s all hug a tree!

Questions 29 – Relate to the Passage Below“We want the laws enforced against rich as well as poor; against Capitalists as well as Laborer; against white as well as black. We are not more lawless than the white race, we are more often arrested, convicted, and mobbed. We want justice even for criminals and outlaws. We want the Constitution of the country enforced. We want Congress to take charge of Congressional elections. We want the Fourteenth amendment carried out to the letter and every State disenfranchised in Congress which attempts to disfranchise its rightful voters. We want the Fifteenth amendment enforced and no State allowed to base its franchise simply on color.The failure of the Republican Party in Congress at the session just closed to redeem its pledge of 1904 with reference to suffrage conditions at the South seems a plain, deliberate, and premeditated breach of promise, and stamps that party as guilty of obtaining votes under false pretense.”

W.E.B. DuBois, The Niagara Movement's Address to the Country,1904

29. What best explains the fact that DuBois had to demand enforcement of the 14th and 15th Amendments?a. The presence of Jim Crow Laws.b. The acts had never been passed by the Southc. The Republicans refused to support these amendmentsd. The Democrats favored the state’s rights position

30. Which activist would have also called upon the Republican to support Federal anti-lynching legislation?a. John Spargo b. Ida B. Wells c. Ida Tarbell d. Edward Bellamy

31. What is the best explanation of why Progressives made little headway against racial violence in the south?a. Being a western party they had little knowledge of lynching and racial violence.b. All Republicans were social Darwinists and thus unconcerned with racial violence.c. The Progressives had little political power in the Solid South.d. Northern Democrats blocked legislation on behalf of their southern brethren.

These again all relate to the struggle to end segregation and abuses of civil rights in the South

Question 32- 35 relate to the image below

32. The photograph to the left would have been synonymous with all of the following EXCEPT a. Victorian middle class values b. A glorification of feminine beauty c. Illustrative of the "New Woman" d. An affirmation of the "cult of domesticity

33. Which was the first decade would see the first movement of women disavowing the idea and the image of the Gibson Girl? a. The 1950s b. The 1890s c. The 1920s d. The 1970sThe “New Woman” was a reference to feminism and attempts to break with the Gibson Girl image. This was a product of the same period as the Gibson girl and the battle has been waged ever since

34. In the Progressive Era women gained which of the following: a. Suffrage b. Economic parity b. Land ownership rights d. Equal protection under the law

35. The first woman to hold a seat in the U.S. Senate was a. Jeanette Rankin b. Ida B. Wells c. Shirley Chisholm d. Barbara Boxer

Questions 36 – 37 Relate to the image below

36. The structure feature in the image above would most likely have related toa. A typical middle class dwelling in a major cityb. A typical dwelling inhabited by the lowest socio-economic classesc. The steerage compartment of a ship hauling a cargo of immigrantsd. The top floor of a Victorian home

37. Which famous muckraker detailed living conditions in dwellings such as the image above?a. Upton Sinclair in The Jungleb. Lincoln Steffens in The Shame of Our Citiesc. Henry Demarest Lloyd in Wealth Against Commonwealth

d. Jacob Riis in How the Other Half LivesThe tenements were products of the terrible conditions especially for immigrants in NYC and Riis exposed

the conditions leading to Progressive Reforms

Questions 38- 40 Relate to the Document Below“In Los Angeles the housing problem centers largely in the cleaning up or demolition of the Mexican "house courts," which have become the breeding ground of disease and crime, and which have now attracted a considerable population of immigrants of other races. It is estimated that approximately 2,000 Mexicans are living in these "house courts." Some 15,000 persons of this race are residents of Los Angeles and vicinity. Conditions of life among the immigrants of the city, which are molded to a certain extent by Mexican standards, have been materially improved by the work of the Los Angeles Housing Commission.... However, the Mexican quarter continues to offer a serious social problem to the community....

In conclusion it should be recognized that although the Mexicans have proved to be efficient laborers in certain industries, and have afforded a cheap and elastic labor supply for the southwestern United States, the evils to the community at large which their presence in large numbers almost invariably brings may more than overbalance their desirable qualities. Their low standards of living and of morals, their illiteracy, their utter lack of proper political interest, the retarding effect of their employment upon the wage scale of the more progressive races, and finally their tendency to colonize in urban centers, with evil results, combine to stamp them as a rather undesirable class of residents.”

Samuel Bryan, "Mexican Immigrants in the United States," The Survey, December 1912

38. The line implying that Mexican’s low standard of living compared poorly to other “progressive races” is based upon what concept?”

a. Social Darwinism b. The Social Gospel c. The Gospels of Wealth d. the Utilitarianism

39. The writer Madison Grant would have considered which of the following “more progressive based upon his book the Passing of the Great Race?

a. Russian b. Japanese c. Scandinavian d. French

40. In the antebellum period which of the following would have most compared with the authors views on Mexicans?

a. Chinese b. Germans c. Greeks d. IrishThe author’s use of “more progressive races” is a clue to his social Darwinist views. Scandinavians = blue, eyed, blond haired Nordic types…Ja, der Master race! Clearly in question 40 you had to be attentive to time frame.

Questions 41 –45 Relate to the Passage Below“We have itemized with some degree of particularity the things that ought to be altered and here are some of the chief items: A tariff which cuts us off from our proper part in the commerce of the world, violates the just principles of taxation, and makes the Government a facile instrument in the hands of private interests; a banking and currency system based upon the necessity of the Government to sell its bonds fifty years ago and perfectly adapted to concentrating cash and restricting credits; an industrial system which, take it on all its sides, financial as well as administrative, holds capital in leading strings, restricts the liberties and limits the opportunities of labor, and exploits without renewing or conserving the natural resources of the country; a body of agricultural activities never yet given the efficiency of great business undertakings or served as it should be through the instrumentality of science taken directly to the farm, or afforded the facilities of credit best suited to its practical needs; water-courses undeveloped, waste places un-reclaimed, forests untended, fast disappearing without plan or prospect of renewal, un-regarded waste heaps at every mine. We have the most effective means of production, but we have not studied cost or economy as we should either as organizers of industry, as statesmen, or as individuals…”

Woodrow Wilson, First Inaugural Address, 1913

41. In the passage Wilson warns that Government [has become] a facile instrument in the hands of private interests; a banking and currency. What legislation was created by the New Freedom to address these issues?

a. The Keating-Owen Act b. Federal Reserve Actc. The Adamson Act d. Pure Food and Drug Act

This is the only $$ related choice

42. The line “a body of agricultural activities never yet given the efficiency of great business undertakings or served as it should be through the instrumentality of science taken directly to the farm, or afforded the facilities..” is probably the context for what later legislation?

a. The Meat Inspection Act b. The Federal Highway Actc. The Pure Food and Drug Act d. The Antiquities Act

This was the only farm-related choice

43. Later in this address Wilson criticized what he called the “triple wall of privilege.” Which of the following least likely was one of these?

a. Tariffs b. Banks c. Trusts d. EducationThe three choices all involve negatives that WW wanted to reform

44. Wilson criticizes “an industrial system which, take it on all its sides, financial as well as administrative, holds capital in leading strings, restricts the liberties and limits the opportunities of labor.” What important opportunity for labor did his administration create?

a. the eight-hour work day became mandatory for all Americans.b. the nature of strikes was redefined by the Clayton Anti-Trust Actc. the National Labor Relations Actd. The Federal minimum wage

Question 44 relates to the right to strike provision45. Which of the following would later represent a further wave of labor reform?

a. The 1920s Administration of Calvin Coolidge b. The 1930s New Deal of Franklin Rooseveltc. The 1950s Administration of Dwight Eisenhower d. The 1980s Reagan Administration

Once again, the New Deal created the 8-hour day and minimum wage as well as the National Labor Relations Board, all of which still exist to this day.

Questions 46-47 Relate to the Passage Below“Appalling situations revealed every day indicate all too plainly that in cases where women's disease is affected by pregnancy, the medical institutions and clinics of New York State are accomplishing nothing to relieve those disease conditions. Where the disease is tuberculosis, syphilis or some other organic malady which is aggravated by pregnancy, women appeal in vain for instruction concerning contraceptives. Physicians are willing to perform abortions where they are pronounced necessary, but they refuse to direct the use of preventives which would make the abortions unnecessary. Personally, I object to the so-called "unlimited bill." My objection, however, is not the usual one, that it would increase immorality. I do not believe that a universal knowledge of contraceptives would lead to immorality. On the other hand, I do believe that when instruction in the use of contraceptives is given, it should be given by the kind of persons best suited by training and experience to give it scientifically and accurately. If everyone is permitted to impart information, those who receive it have no guaranty [sic] that it is correct or suitable to the individual's physical requirements. Incorrect, unscientific information may bring good results in some cases, but it is more likely to cause a vast amount of disappointment and anxiety in others..”

Margaret Sanger, Shall we Break the Law?, 1919

46. Sanger’s arguments over reproductive rights were women was finally ruled upon by the Supreme Court in which case?

a. Roe v. Wade (1972) b. Muller v Oregon (1908)c. Lochner v. New York (1905) d. Plessey v. Ferguson (1898)

47. Victorian sensibilities over sex was reflected by which of the following, an act “white slavery” and sex trafficking. It additionally allowed the post office to open suspect personal mail?

a. The Comstock Law b. The Granger Lawsc. The Progressive cases d. The Insular casesObviously the abortion issue, at the heart of the Roe case is still relevant today as it was in Progressive

period. The Comstock Law reflected Victorian concerns over morality.

Questions 48 - 50 Relate to the map below

49. Which issue most split the Republican Party allowing a sweeping victory by Woodrow Wilson?a. The Ballinger-Pinchot affair split preservationists from conservationistsb. The Underwood-Simmons Tariff split conservatives from Progressivesc. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff split conservatives from Progressivesd. The decision to exclude a civil rights plank angered Progressive Republicans

50. Which region of support could Wilson most have counted upon for his election victory?a. The New South b. The New England Statesc. The Southwest and Texas d. Several Mid-Atlantic States