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Brazil-China-Guatemala-Indonesia Learning Exchange on

Forest Landscape Restoration in Brazil

Final Report (September 17th – 25th, 2015)

Figure 1: Participants at Neblinas Park, September 20th (Instituto Ecofuturo/Suzano, 2015)

Landscape Restoration Exchange – Brazil 2

Table of Contents

1. Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... 5

2. Background ............................................................................................................................................. 7

2.1. The Atlantic Forest Biome ............................................................................................................. 8

2.2. Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact ................................................................................................ 10

2.3. Brazil Forest Code and the private properties .......................................................................... 10

3. Exchange Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 12

4. Participants List .................................................................................................................................... 13

5. Itinerary and Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 16

6. Seminars ................................................................................................................................................ 24

7. Restoration: knowledge sharing and learning ................................................................................. 27

7.1. Lessons learned ............................................................................................................................ 28

7.2. Restoration exchange importance ............................................................................................. 29

7.3. Proposed next steps. ..................................................................................................................... 29

8. Participating Organizations and Projects ......................................................................................... 30

9. Reference Materials ............................................................................................................................. 47


List of Figures

Figure 1: Participants at Neblinas Park, September 20th ................................................................ 1

Figure 2: Participants at the Bioflora restoration site at Itu Municipality, September 22nd .......... 14

Figure 3: The Indonesian delegation at Neblinas Park September, 20th ....................................... 14

Figure 4: The Guatemalan delegation with a member of the coordination team (center) at the

Extrema Project September 22nd................................................................................. 15

Figure 5: The Chinese delegation and a member of the organization team (center) at Extrema

Municipality September, 23rd ........................................................................................... 15

Figure 6: South America map, highlighting Brazil and in light green the states that were included

in the itinerary, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo ......................... 16

Figure 7: Map with a portion of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo States presenting the

itinerary in red and the sites visited .................................................................................... 17

Figure 8: Field visit to ITPA restoration project area in Guandu Watershed in Miguel Pereira, state

of Rio de Janeiro ................................................................................................................ 18

Figure 9: Neblinas Park, Mogi das Cruzes. Seminar (left) and Atlantic Forest visit (center and right)

September 20th. ............................................................................................................... 19

Figure 10: Participants at the Bioflora restoration site at Itu Municipality, September 22nd ........ 20

Figure 11: Water Producer Project visit and presentation in Extrema Municipality. September

23rd............................................................................................................................ 21

Figure 12: Location of tour in Espirito State .................................................................................. 22

Figure 13: Fibria restoration project site. Aracruz, State of Espirito Santo, September 24th ........ 23


Figure 14: Atlantic Forest restoration overview seminar Rio de Janeiro, September 18th ............ 24

Figure 15: An expert from China at the Agroforestry seminar at Neblina Park.............................. 25

Figure 16: International Seminar, Bridging Cities and Watershed for Water Security and Green

Economy, in Sao Paulo, September, 21st .................................................................. 26

Figure 17: Neblina Park on September 20th; Bioflora project on September 22nd ....................... 48


1. Abstract

As global support for forest restoration grows and countries increasingly commit to large-

scale initiatives such as Aichi, Bonn Challenge and the 20x20 initiative, the need for global

collaboration on forest restoration is more important than ever.

The social, economic and environmental benefits of forest restoration – such as improving

water supply, protecting biodiversity, increasing carbon sequestration and generating income – are

commonalities across the globe. Therefore, when it comes to implementing forest restoration,

even projects on opposite sides of the world face similar challenges and successes in the areas of

project implementation, community engagement and adapting ecological science. Sharing this

plethora of knowledge and experience improves restoration initiatives and collaboratively works

towards global goals and commitments for restoration.

From September 17th – 25th 2015, the Brazilian Ministry for the Environment, Imazon, the

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and World Resources Institute (WRI

Brasil) formed a partnership to connect practitioners from different countries.

Over nine days, forest restoration experts from Brazil, China, Indonesia and Guatemala

traveled through four key Brazilian states - Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Espírito

Santo – to exchange experiences, form connections and learn how forest restoration can support a

green economy and healthy society. The trip enabled participants to meet their peers and share

knowledge that will become a central part of the know-how and practice base for the experts to

draw upon when working to fulfill their national restoration targets and ambitions.

A total of 24 experts from government, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and research

institutions participated in the learning exchange – with seven participants each from China and

Indonesia and five each from Guatemala and Brazil.

The agenda included field visits to a variety of restoration projects and initiatives, as well as

participation in seminars and events; allowing participants to learn about the work of several

institutions in Brazil and internationally.

The exchange commenced with a welcome reception in Rio de Janeiro by the National

Economic and Social Development Bank (BNDES) and the National Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO).

The following day, the group visited a landscape restoration project in the rural area of Miguel

Pereira-RJ in the Guandu watershed, the primary water supply of the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan

area.


Participants then moved on to São Paulo State where they visited a natural reserve and hiked

in a beautiful forest remnant of the Atlantic Forest. On day four, the delegation participated in the

International Water and City event held in partnership with the São Paulo State Environmental

Secretariat (SMA-SP), in São Paulo city.

Back on the road, the group visited a successful restoration project in a private area in Itu-SP

and a nursery facility in Piracicaba-SP that produces native species seedlings. This was followed by

a visit to a payment for ecosystem service (PES) project in Extrema (MG).

The exchange tour concluded in the state of Espirito Santo where the group learned about a

state level PES restoration program and visited a restoration research project that demonstrated

the economic viability of native species reforestation.

The projects that were visited on the tour covered a variety of themes relevant to the four

countries and were selected for their success in on-ground results, stakeholder engagement and

critical expertise.

In order to improve the sharing and exchange of knowledge among the participants, a total

of three seminars were held during the learning exchange, covering several restoration projects in

Brazil, the role of agroforestry systems to improve income of small-landholders, and the role of

natural infrastructure in improving water supply to major cities. Additionally, a set of guiding

questions and cross-cutting topics were chosen to guide participants and support knowledge-

sharing.

By the end of the exchange, participants had met more than 100 experts from 14 institutions

that are actively engaged in restoration efforts. Several opportunities for future collaboration were

identified – particularly in the areas of watershed restoration, infrastructure development,

agroforestry systems, reforestation for economic use and soil microbiology.

The 2015 exchange in Brazil is the second in a series of forest restoration exchanges; the first

being in China in 2014, in which many project leaders also participated. Both experiences have

proven that south-south collaboration is critical in scaling up forest restoration and achieving the

ambitious goals set by international and national reforestation commitments.


Brazil Restoration Exchange Organization Committee

Aurelio Padovezi WRI Brasil

Mariana Oliveira WRI Brasil

Miguel Calmon IUCN

Rachel Biderman WRI Brasil

Sâmia Nunes IMAZON

2. Background

As global support for forest landscape restoration grows and countries increasingly commit

to large-scale initiatives such as Aichi, Bonn Challenge and the 20x20 initiative, the need for global

collaboration on forest restoration is more important than ever.

The Bonn Challengei - a multilateral international effort to restore 150 million hectares of

degraded and deforested lands by 2020 - offers a unique opportunity to establish global

collaboration between governments, academic institutions, NGOs, and corporate sectors.

Policymakers, restoration practitioners and researchers have already expressed great

interest in developing partnerships and exchanges, such as the one described here, focusing on

large-scale ecological restoration programs that are so urgently needed in many parts of the world.

The goal of this learning exchange was to allow Brazil, China, Indonesia and Guatemala to

exchange knowledge and learn about aspects of forest landscape restoration that could not only

assist the individual countries in their efforts to achieve large-scale restoration and reforestation,

but also boost global efforts in scaling up effective and sustainable restoration programs.

Additionally, the exchange also bolsters and supports the global community in striving towards the

Bonn Challenge.

Since Brazil, Russia, India, and China formally established the BRICSii economic grouping of

emerging economies in 2009, Brazil and China have been exchanging expertise and mutually

training specialists in several sectors. The two countries, however, have yet to engage in

meaningful collaboration regarding their environmental agendas. Both have a significant global


environmental impact and could benefit greatly from sharing successful, and less-successful,

ecological restoration policies and practices.

Another key country that is not part of BRICS but has been making progress towards

reduction of deforestation and forest restoration is Indonesia. In 2000, Brazil and Indonesia

accounted for more than a third of the world’s tropical tree cover (Weisse and Petersen, 2015). At

the same time, however, they are also leaders in deforestation. As such, promoting learning and

exchange opportunities for forest landscape restoration is very fruitful and strategic.

Brazil and Guatemala are part of a large effort to promote restoration in Latin America.

Together with other Latin American countries, they have made land restoration pledges to the

Boon Challenge and are part of the Initiative 20X20. Both Brazil and Guatemala are working to

identify restoration priorities and implement strategies such as IUCN and WRI’s Restoration

Opportunity Assessment Methodology (ROAM).

Brazil, China, Indonesia and Guatemala all have experience in implementing restoration

efforts and developing payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs; as well as creating

policies, increasing scientific evidence, and supporting technical capacities. Thus, exchanging this

knowledge amongst the four countries will promote action and mutually reinforce initiatives to

restore multiple ecological processes, re-establish biological and hydrological fluxes, reconnect

fragmented habitats, and improve cultural services related to landscapes.

Restoring forests to alleviate the water crises that both Brazil and China are facing is just one

example of where countries can work together to develop effective strategies to ensure

environmental, social and economic security.

Another example is the commitment of Brazil and Indonesia to reduce deforestation and

produce sustainable commodities. Both countries are receiving funding support from Norway to

reduce deforestation and identify areas for forest restoration at the national and sub-national level.

2.1. The Atlantic Forest Biome

The Atlantic Rainforest biome was chosen as the location for the exchange for its diverse and

unique mix of vegetation and forest types.

The Atlantic Forest (also known as Mata Atlantica) stretches along Brazil's Atlantic coast,

from the northern state of Rio Grande do Norte south to Rio Grande do Sul. It extends inland to

eastern Paraguay and the province of Misiones in northeastern Argentina, and narrowly along the

coast into Uruguay.


The high biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest is a function of the extreme environmental

variation in this biome. One of the most important factors in this variation is the 38º latitudinal span

of the hotspot. These forests extend as far as 500-600 kilometers inland and range as high as 2,000

meters above sea level.

The second major source of variation is elevation; with forests extending from sea level up to

1,800 meters at corresponding gradients of biodiversity and inland forests differing considerably

from coastal ones. Altitude determines at least three vegetation types in the Atlantic Forest: the

lowland forest of the coastal plain, montane forests, and the high-altitude grassland or campo

rupestre. (Conservation International, Hotspots).

Intense deforestation stemming from 400 years of ongoing land use, however, has led to

critical degradation of the Atlantic Forest. The remaining patches of forest are highly fragmented,

with low connectivity decreasing the viability of the biodiversity.

A robust analytical assessment of the Atlantic Forest cover (Ribeiro, et al, 2009) conducted in 2009

concluded that:

Only 12% of the Atlantic Forest cover remains with only 11, 7% being the historical

distribution (16,377,472 ha).

This highly fragmented landscape is composed by second-growth forests in early to

medium stages of succession.

Furthermore, observation from the authors found that distinguishing between old growth and

secondary forest is particularly difficult for the entire Atlantic Forest region because information

about forest age is very scarce and available only at local scales. More than half the remaining forest

cover occurs in Serra do Mar region where there are three remnants. The largest has 1.109.546 ha

and the three together consist of over 2 million hectares, representing 13% of remaining forest.

Nearly 80% of the remaining fragments are distributed in forest patches smaller that 50ha – (123,5

acres) and account for 20.2% of the total forest remnants. (Ribeiro, et al, 2009).

This data reinforces the urgent need to protect what is remaining. Additionally, forest

remnants must reestablish their connectivity and restoration actions must be taken in key priority

areas.


2.2. Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact

Each restoration project visited during the exchange was led by a member the Atlantic

Rainforest Restoration Pact, a network of over 260 institutions representing a wide group of

stakeholders from different sectors.

Due to past degradation and considerable fragmentation of the remaining Atlantic Forest, it

is no longer possible to preserve the forest's natural cycles, genetic flux and environmental services

without proper policies, programs and projects at scale aiming at the restoration of relevant areas

within the biome.

The Pact aims to create the necessary conditions to restore 15 million hectares of the forest

by the year 2050, according to annual plans approved by its Steering Committee. The mission is to

orchestrate public and private institutions, governments, companies and landowners to integrate

their efforts and resources towards the preservation of the biological diversity, the generation of

employment and income within the restoration production chain. It also aims at the sustaining and

appraisal of PES and the alignment of agricultural activities with the legal requirements in the 17

states covered by this biome.

The governance structure of the Pact is composed of a Coordination Council, an Executive

Secretary and Working Groups. The Council is responsible for establishing guidelines, principles

and policies, and overseeing the Pact´s plans implementation.

The Executive Secretary is responsible for coordinating and providing technical and logistical

support to the Pact’s activities. The working groups are responsible for supporting the council and

secretary by providing technical products and knowledge; and also by participating in the decision

making process.

2.3. Brazil Forest Code and the private properties

The political and legal context in which this exchange trip took place is through the

implementation of the forest code, a law that was recently amended to include new restoration

requirements.

In Brazil, the conservation of forest on private lands is regulated by the Brazilian Forest Law

(Law N° 12.651, 25 March 2012). This law divides rural properties into two areas: land for production

and land dedicated to conservation and the sustainable management of natural resources. The

latter is divided into two further categories:


(i) Permanent preservation areas (APP, in Portuguese) to protect particularly sensitive

areas such as riparian vegetation, springs, steep slopes (>45°) and hilltops, where only

low impact activities, such as ecotourism, are allowed.

(ii) Legal Reserves (LR) to promote the sustainable use of natural resources and the

conservation of biodiversity. Economic activities, such as forest management for

selective logging, are permitted in LRs under license but deforestation is not allowed.

(Nunes, in press).


3. Exchange Objectives

The partners in the exchange worked together to define the following objectives:

a) Understand the concept and context of forest restoration at the landscape scale, with special

emphasis on how restoration of forests is conceived, financed, evaluated, and practiced in the

four countries.

b) Share experiences and expertize on current forest restoration initiatives and restoration-

related policies at landscape, sub-national, bioregional, and national scales.

c) Identify synergies and drivers for forest and landscape restoration.

d) Develop and improve existing policies for valuation, financing and governance of restoration

programs, particularly at large scales.

e) Encourage countries to develop and implement large-scale restoration initiatives within their

own borders or as part of trans-national programs.

f) Share the lessons learned from the exchange with the global community to help scale up

restoration activities and improve their ecological and socio-economic effectiveness and

integration in larger planning and land management programs.


4. Participants List

PARTICIPANTS TITLE AND ORGANIZATION

CHINA

KEQIN XIAO Deputy Division Director, International Forestry Cooperation Center, SFA

GAO SHUCHAO Division Director, Department of Planning and Finance Management

JING LIU Programe Officer, IUCN

LI HAO Project Director, Beijing Forestry University

LINGLING SHI Research Assistant, ICRAF

JIAYI XU Special Assistant to China Country Director, WRI China

CHANGLING GUAN Division Director, General Station of State Farms and Nurseries, SFA

INDONESIA

MUCHAMAD SAPARIS SOEDRJANTO Head of Bone Bolango Watershed Management Agency, Gorontalo Province

MUHAMAD ZAINAL ARIFIN Head of Memberamo Watershed Management Agency, Papua Province

RUKMA DAYADI Head of Krueng Aceh Watershed Management Agency, Aceh Province

DYAH WINARSIH GIS/Remote Sensing Staff, Village Forest Division, Social Forestry Directorate

GERHARD ELI SABASTIAN Agroforestry System Specialist, ICRAF

NOVITA LIANGGA KUMALA Research Analyst, WRI Indonesia

NIRARTA TJOKORDA SAMADHI Director, WRI Indonesia

GUATEMALA

ARIEL SALAZAR OBDULIO PORRAS Zaragoza Mayor, Chimaltenango, Guatemala

VALERIANO PICHIYA CULAJAY San Juan Comalapa Mayor, Chimaltenango, Guatemala

MARCO TULIO NÚÑEZ Santa Apolonia Mayor, Chimaltenango, Guatemala

CARLOS SOSAL DEL CID Regional Officer, Mesoamerica Unit, IUCN

BRAZIL

AURELIO PADOVEZI Forest and Water Program Manager, WRI Brazil

RACHEL BIDERMAN Director, WRI Brasil

SÂMIA NUNES Analyst, Imazon

MARIANA OLIVEIRA Forest Research Analyst, WRI Brazil

MIGUEL CALMON Senior Manager, Landscape Restoration Knowledge, Tools and Capacity. IUCN

ANITA DIEDERICHSEN Consultant


Figure 2: Participants at the Bioflora restoration site at Itu Municipality, September 22nd (WRI Brasil, 2015)

Figure 3: The Indonesian delegation at Neblinas Park September, 20th (Aurélio Padovezi, 2015)


Figure 5: The Chinese delegation and a member of the organization team (center) at Extrema Municipality September, 23rd (WRI/IUCN, 2015)

Figure 4: the Guatemalan delegation with a member of the coordination team (center) at the Extrema Project September 22nd (IUCN, 2015)


5. Itinerary and Agenda

The itinerary focused on the Atlantic Forest Biome where a large concentration of forest

restoration projects are underway. The agenda was designed to consider a variety of projects and

local partners, several of whom attended the 2014 Restoration Exchange Program in China.

Together with the organizing partners, the Brazilian delegates that visited China in 2014 were

crucial to the construction and the execution of the agenda.

Figure 6: South America map, highlighting Brazil and in light green the states that were included in the itinerary, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo

(Gustavo Gatti/Conserve Brasil, 2015)


Figure 7: Map with a portion of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo States presenting the itinerary in red and the sites visited (Gustavo Gatti/Conserve Brasil, 2015)

September, 17th Thursday

Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State.

Morning and afternoon

Arrival in Brazil Rio de Janeiro Airport (GIG).

Check in at Hotel Windsor Plaza.

Welcome and rest.

16:30

17:00

18:30 - 20:00

20:00

Private transport departure. Meeting point: hotel lobby

BNDES presentation and participant’s presentation.

Welcome cocktail at BNDES. Courtesy of BNDES and FUNBIO.

Return to hotel with Rio sightseeing.

September, 18th Friday

Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State.

7:30 - 8:30 Breakfast.

8:30 - 12:00 Welcome Session and Seminar: Restoration and Atlantic Forest.

12:00 - 13:00 Lunch at hotel restaurant and check out.

13:00 - 15:30 Leave the hotel. Visit to the Tijuca Park and to the statue of the Christ, the Redeemer.

15:30 - 18:30 Travel by private bus to the city of Miguel Pereira.

18:30 Check in at Hotel Itamaracá.

19:30 - 21:00 Dinner


Figure 8: Field visit to ITPA restoration project area in Guandu Watershed in Miguel Pereira, state of Rio de Janeiro, September, 19th.

September, 19th Saturday

Miguel Pereira, Rio de Janeiro State.

6:00 - 6:30 Check out hotel and leave the hotel by private bus to the ITPA Office.

7:00 - 12:00

Breakfast with ITPA team, courtesy of ITPA.

ITPA Presentation - Maurício Ruiz and Felipe Paranhos.

TNC Presentation – Hendrik Mansur.

ITPA - Restoration Field Visit.

12:00 Start to travel by private bus from Miguel Pereira to Mogi das Cruzes.

12:45 - 14:00 Lunch on the way. Local restaurant, buffet style.

14:00 - 19:00 Continue to travel from Miguel Pereira to Mogi das Cruzes.

19:00 Check in at Hotel Mercure.

20:00 - 21:30 Dinner at hotel restaurant.

Anita Diederichsen/Conserve Brasil 2015

Anita Diederichsen/Conserve Brasil 2015

Aurélio Padovezi 2015

Rachel Biderman 2015


Figure 9: Neblinas Park, Mogi das Cruzes. Seminar (left) and Atlantic Forest visit (center and right) September 20th.

September, 20th Sunday

Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo State.

Visit to the Parque das Neblinas (Neblina Park), courtesy of Suzano.

6:30 - 7:00 Check out and departure.

8:00 - 9:00 Arrival at the Parque das Neblinas and welcome with a rural breakfast.

9:00 - 10:00 Presentation: “Conservation and Restoration Project”. Ecofuturo Institute and Suzano. Presenters: Paulo Groke e Alexandre Diciero.

10:00 - 11:00 Presentation - Atlantic Forest Restoration technics. Vera Lex.

11:00 - 12:30 Agroforestry Seminar. (See seminar section).

12:30 - 14:00 Lunch. Prepared by the local community.

14:00 - 16:00 Restored Atlantic Forest hiking. Level: easy.

16:00 - 17:00 Happy Hour.

17:00 Departure from Mogi das Cruzes to São Paulo.

19:00 Arrival in São Paulo and hotel check in.

Arrival of Guatemalan delegation and part of the Chinese delegation.

20:00 - 21:30 Dinner out. Italian Restaurant.

Instituto Ecofuturo/Suzano 2015

Instituto Ecofuturo/Suzano 2015




September, 21st Monday

São Paulo, São Paulo State.

7:00 - 8:00 Breakfast and departure. (No check out need).

8:30 – 18:00

International Seminar: “BRIDGING CITIES AND WATERSHEDS FOR WATER SECURITY AND GREEN ECONOMICS”.

Organizers: Forest Trends, WRI Brazil, IUCN & São Paulo State Environment Secretariat (SMA).

18:00 - 19:30 Cocktail. At the same location of the seminar.

19:30 Leave for dinner.

20:00 - 21:00 Dinner at the hotel.

September, 22nd Tuesday

São Paulo, São Paulo State.

6:00 - 7:00 Breakfast and check out.

7:00 - 9:00 Travel from São Paulo to Itu with private bus.

9:00 - 10:00 Arrival at project site and Bioflora Project Presentation.

10:00 - 12:00 Bioflora restoration field visit.

12:00 - 13:00 Lunch

13:00 - 14:30 Travel from Itu to Piracicaba.

14:00 - 16:00 Field visit to Bioflora’s Nursery. It includes hands on activities.

16:00 – 16:30 Coffee break, courtesy of Bioflora.

16:30 - 19:00 Travel with private bus from Piracicaba to Extrema.

19:00 Arrival in Extrema and check in at the hotel.

20:00 - 22:00 Dinner with traditional guitar music presentation, courtesy of Extrema Municipality.

Figure 10: Participants at the Bioflora restoration site at Itu Municipality, September 22nd (Anita Diederichsen/Conserve Brasil 2015)


September, 23rd Wednesday

Extrema, Minas Gerais State.


8:30 - 9:30 Extrema’s Water Producer Project Presentation - Paulo Henrique Pereira.

09:30 - 11:30 Field visit to Extrema’s Water Producer Project.

11:30 - 13:00 Lunch at Parque do Salto, courtesy of Extrema Municipality.

13:00 - 15:30 Travel from Extrema to São Paulo Airports. (Group B will departure latter).

Group A 15:30 Group A - Arrival at São Paulo Congonhas Airport. CGH.

Group B 19:00 Group B - Arrival at São Paulo International Airport- GRU

18:40 - 20:20

Arrival in Vitória and travel do Coqueiral.

All transportation in Espírito Santo State is a courtesy of Fibria.

20:20 Check in at the Hotel and dinner at the hotel upon arrival.

Figure 11: Water Producer Project visit and presentation in Extrema Municipality, September 23rd.

Anita Diederichsen/Conserve Brasil 2015 Mariana Oliveira/WRI Brasil 2015


Figure 12: Location of tour in Espirito State (Gustavo Gatti/Conserve Brasil, 2015)

September, 24th Thursday

Coqueiral Beach, Aracruz, Espírito Santo State.


7:30 - 8:00 Travel to Fibria project site.

8:00 - 10:00 Field visit to Fibria project sites.

10:00 - 12:00 Arrival at Fibria Plant and project presentations.

12:00 - 13:00 Lunch, courtesy of Fibria.

13:30 Departure to Vitória.

15:00 Arrival in Vitória and check in.

17:00 -18:00 Working groups.

19:30 – 21:00 Dinner, courtesy of The Nature Conservancy.


September, 25th Friday

Vitória, Espírito Santo State.

7:00 - 8:00 Breakfast, check out and departure.

8:30 - 12:00

Presentation: “Reflorestar” Espirito Santo State Program – Marcos Sossai.

Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact – Aurélio Padovezi.

Coffee Break, courtesy of The Nature Conservancy.

Restoration Exchange Program Closing meeting: evaluation and next steps definition.

12:45 - 14:00 Lunch

14:15 Departure to airport.

End of the Restoration Exchange Program in Brazil.

Figure 13: Fibria restoration project site. Aracruz, State of Espirito Santo, September 24th. (Mariana Oliveira/WRI Brasil 2015)


Figure 14: Atlantic Forest and restoration overview seminar. Rio de Janeiro, September 18th (Rachel Biderman/WRI Brasil, 2015)

6. Seminars

Seminars were organized as part of the learning segment of the exchange. The details of each of the

seminars are presented below.

Friday, September 18th: Atlantic Forest and Restoration Overview.

8:30 Welcome: Rachel Biderman (WRI Brazil) and Miguel Calmon (IUCN).

8:50 Itinerary presentation: Anita Diederichsen.

9:10 Degradation and deforestation mapping in Amazon and opportunities for

forest restoration - Sâmia Nunes (Imazon).

9:30 Atlantic Forest’s degradation and restoration history - Pedro Brancalion,

(University of Sao Paulo).

10:10 Perspectives and challenges of forest restoration in Brazil - Carlos Alberto

Scaramuzza (Ministry for the Environment).

10:50 Restoration challenges and perspectives - Karen Holl (University of

California).

11:30 – 12:00 Questions and discussions.

Sunday, September 20th. Agroforestry

11:00 “Small Agroforestry in Indonesia – products and services for a greener future”.

Mr. Gerhard E. Sabastian from ICRAF-Indonesia

11:30 "Agroforestry in China". Ms. Lingling SHI from ICRAF China.

12:00 – 12:30

Questions and discussions.

,


Monday, September, 21st International Seminar, Bridging Cities and Watershed for Water

Security and Green Economy.

Organization: SMA, Forest Trends, WRI, IUCN –Auditório SMA/CETESB 8:30 - 9:00 Welcome, registration, and coffee

9:00 - 9:45 Opening Remarks

Patrícia Iglecias / São Paulo State Secretary for the Environment: Green infrastructure to fight the São Paulo water crisis

Todd Gartner / WRI: International Context on water, cities, and natural infrastructure

9:45 - 11:00

Session 1: Green Economy & Urban Water Security

Moderator: Fernado Veiga / TNC

Marta Echavarria/Ecodecision, Ecuador: Current state of investment in green infrastructure by water utilities in Latin America

Gena Gammie / Forest Trends: Cost effectiveness and the design of green infrastructure investment projects

Ademar Romeiro / UNICAMP: Forest restoration and green economy

11:00 - 11:15 Coffee break

11:15 - 12:45

Session 2: Ensuring Positive Returns on Investment

Moderator: Miguel Calmon / IUCN

Todd Gratner / WRI. From Gray to Green: Investing in natural infrastructure to address water, food and energy challenges

Genevieve Bennett / Forest Trends: Case studies on investment in green infrastructure for cities with an emphasis on cost-effectiveness and managing risk

David Canassa/ Reserva Votorantin: "Legado das Águas" nature reserve

12:45 - 14:15 Lunch Break

14:15 - 15:45

Session 3: Designing and Monitoring Infrastructure

Moderator: Aurelio Padovezi / WRI Brasil

Bert De Bievre / Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sustenible de la Ecoregion Andina - Condesan: Hydrological monitoring and green infrastructure

Silvio Ferraz / ESALQ/USP: How forests could help water conservation?

Samuel Barreto / TNC: Water Movement for Sao Paulo - MapSP

Figure 15: An expert from China at the Agroforestry seminar at Neblina Park (Instituto Ecofuturo/Suzano, 2015)


Figure 16: International Seminar, Bridging Cities and Watershed for Water Security and Green Economy, in Sao Paulo,

September, 21st (Aurelio Padovezi/WRI Brasil, 2015)

for Urban Water Security

Rovena Negreiros / EMPLASA: Investments in green infrastructure in Macrometropole Paulista Action Plan

15:45 - 16:00 Coffee break

16:00 - 17:30

Session 4: Institutional and Governance Mechanisms for Bridging Cities and Watersheds

Moderator: Monica Porto / Deputy Secretary – Sao Paulo State Water Secretariat - SSRH/SP

Devanir Garcia / Brazilian Water Agency - Water Producer Program

José Carlos Velarde / Gerente de Regulación Tarifaria / Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento de Peru - SUNASS: Tariffs for green infrastructure for urban water supply

Jing Liu/IUCN China e Li Hao/Beijing Forestry Society: China's Experience on addressing water security: The megacities and watersheds program

M. Saparis Soedarjanto / Bone Bolango Watershed Management Agency: Managing Forested watershed for food & water security, a landscape approach.

17:30 - 18:00 Closing Remarks SMA, WRI, IUCN, Forest Trends

18:00 Cocktail


7. Restoration: knowledge sharing and learning

Each project included in the agenda was selected for the specific and relevant issues

associated with forest restoration. Below are a set of guiding questions presented to the group

during the exchange and used to promote technical discussion, engagement of the participants

and learning exchange opportunities.

Additionally, restoration techniques and institutional and governance arrangements were

part of all the visits and used as cross cutting themes.

September, 19th Saturday , ITPA Project

Guiding question: What are the advantages and challenges of having a GIS database for restoration project implementation?

Guiding question: What issues need to be considered when fire is a threat to your restoration work?

Technics

- Landscape restoration and remnants connectivity. - Labor needed to plant and to restore in sloppy areas.

Arrangements

- Database with information about landowners that wants to restore areas in their property.

- Payment for environmental services.

September, 20th Sunday - Parque das Neblinas

Guiding question: How to restore areas in high biodiversity ecosystems? Guiding question: How to incorporate agroforestry systems as a restoration tool?

Technics

- Restoration in abandoned areas in with Eucalyptus.

- Atlantic Forest matrix, the landscape context and its influence in the restoration success.

Arrangement

- Private sector engagement in the restoration.

September, 22nd Tuesday –Bioflora

Field Project and nursery visit.

Guiding question: What is required to implement a large-scale seedling production?


Guiding question: What are the key steps of the restoration supply chain?

Technics

- Restoration technics. Planning, implementation, maintenance.

Arrangement

- Restoration as business and the role of the private sector.

September, 23rd Wednesday - Water Producer Program

Guiding question: What are the requirements and the components of a payment for environmental service scheme?

Guiding question: How restoration can become a strategic component of water security?

Technics

- Planting technics.

Arrangement

- Long term public program with history of a wide set of partnerships.

September, 24th Thursday Fibria – Use of native species for Economic use and Monitoring

Guiding question: What is the importance of monitoring? What and when to monitor?

Guiding question: How to create a market with restoration products? What to consider?

Technics

- Planting technics.

Arrangements

- Partnership private sector, CSOs and University.

During the last day, a special session was dedicated to consolidate the key points of the

guiding questions discussed during the exchange. This gave participants the opportunity to share

their learning and experiences. Below are some of the key points discussed in the session.

7.1. Lessons learned

The key points discussed by the participates covered topics related to planning, steps to

consider during restoration implementation, stakeholder engagement, policy, restoration

techniques and restoration benefits.

Participants concluded that to reduce the forest impact, it is necessary to reduce

consumption. Key lessons and points are as follows:


Before starting a restoration project, it is important to define the goals and adopt an an

adaptive management approach.

The landscape should be considered the basis for planning.

Institutional arrangements are key for restoration and projects must respect natures

resilience – i.e. give the forest time to do its job.

Scientific work and research are necessary to promote restoration and one must

consider a range of landscapes (e.g. urban).

Governmental policy must be able to at least protect small fragments of land.

In addition to promoting ecosystem health, restoration has an important impact on food

security and economic stability – thus should be considered in terms of economic and

business development. Moreover, restoration can be used to improve gender equality.

7.2. Restoration exchange importance

Participants agreed that restoration exchanges are highly beneficial in allowing participants

to learn from peers, gain experience and further expertise. Exchanges are a way to gain the latest

information on restoration and see how projects are implemented in the host country. They

provide vision, inspiration and perspective, allowing participants to identify new solutions and

apply this learning in their home country. The exchange also allows participants to feel part of a

global team working on restoration and provides a support network when implementing new

projects.

7.3. Proposed next steps

The final segment of the learning session was dedicated to new ideas for the promotion and

integration of restoration between the countries. The ideas are presented by topics:

Planning and monitoring

Share monitoring experiences: The Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact developed a

monitoring protocol that could be tested in other countries.

Application of ROAM (Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology) at the

national and sub-national level.

Soil restoration


Include the role of soil in forest restoration research programs: ICRAF China has

significant experience in this area that could be shared with the other countries through

a formal or informal collaboration.

Food security and income generation

Use of Agroforestry systems to increase income generation in small landholders: ICRAF

Indonesia has experience in this area.

Investigate how to increase food production and income through restoration (e.g.

restoration of forests and soils to increase the production of mushrooms as

implemented in China).

Private Sector Engagement

Collaboration between the private sector in Brazil, Indonesia and China. Several major

companies in Brazil (i.e., Fibria, Danone, Vale, etc.) have a strong international presence.

Ecosystem Service

Replication of the Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) program of Extrema

municipality in Guatemala and China.

Collaborate on watershed restoration and conservation (natural infrastructure) to

improve the production of ecosystem services. All four countries can learn from each

other in this area.

Networking and global strategy

Participants were encouraged to join the Global Partnership of Forest and Landscape

Restoration (http://www.forestlandscaperestoration.org/)

Increase commitment to the Bonn Challenge and 20 x 20 initiative.

Next Exchange Program

It was agreed that the next learning exchange will be held in Indonesia in 2016. The

Indonesian colleagues will prepare and submit a proposal to the organizing committee.

8. Participating Organizations and Projects

The following section provides further description of all institutions visited during the

exchange.

http://www.forestlandscaperestoration.org/


BNDES

The Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) is the main financing agent for development in

Brazil. Since its foundation in 1952, BNDES has played a fundamental role in stimulating the

expansion of industry and infrastructure in the country. The Bank’s strategy aims to stimulate

innovation, local and regional development, as well as socio-environmental development. In

2014, R$187.8 billion was disbursed in 1,130,202 operations to 277,085 clients.

In the coming decades, Brazil must implement recovery programs for biomes as required

by Act Nº. 12,651/2012, which stems from the Forest Code to protect native vegetation. BNDES

already finances the restoration sector in reimbursable operations, through its BNDES Forestry

Line, the Climate Fund and the Low-Carbon Agricultural Program, as well as in non-reimbursable

operations through the BNDES Atlantic Forest Initiative and BNDES Ecological Restoration.

BNDES manages the Amazon Fund, the largest REDD+ global initiative. The Amazon Fund

is one of the main pillars supporting sustainable development: in 2014, R$417 million were

committed to new projects, creating a portfolio of R$1 billion dedicated to preserving the

Amazon Biome, with emphasis on environmental monitoring initiatives and regularizing small

rural properties.


FUNBIO

The Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (Funbio1) serves as a bridge between programs and sources

of funding, identifying new opportunities to achieve the best possible results for biodiversity

conservation. It also channels these resources into activities in the field by publishing calls for

projects, passing through funds to other institutions, procuring goods and services and providing

logistical support. The organization is heavily involved in the push to scale up restoration in Brazil

and the organization participated in the opening program of the exchange in Rio.

Funbio is a registered non-profit civil association. It started operating in 1996 as an

innovative financial mechanism for the development of strategies that contribute to the

implementation of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity in Brazil.

As of 2014, Funbio had contributed half a billion dollars2 over its 18 years of operations.

Throughout this period the organization has supported 207 projects from 158 different

organizations and 291 protected areas in Brazil.

In 2014, after three years of rigorous evaluations and investments, Funbio was accredited

as the first national agency of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in Latin America, joining a

select group of GEF agencies around the world, which include the World Bank and the Inter-

American Development Bank.

1 Mission: To provided strategic resources for biodiversity conservation. Vision: To be the benchmark in enabling

strategic resources and solutions for the conservation of biodiversity. Funbio is based in Rio de Janeiro. For further information, please visit: funbio.org.br.

2 This is the sum of all the contracts Funbio has signed since it started operating, converting them to dollars based on the rate from the last day of the month in which they were signed. The values of the contracts signed in dollars have been maintained.


FOREST RESTORATION PROGRAM PROGRAMA DE RESTAURAÇÃO FLORESTAL

Project Coordinators: Coordenadores do Projeto:

Executive Secretary: Mauricio Ruiz Restoration Coordinator: Diogo Peralta

Secretário Executivo: Mauricio Ruiz Coordenador de Restauração: Diogo Peralta

Institution: Instituição:

ITPA – Terra Institute for Environment Preservation

ITPA - Instituto Terra de Preservação Ambiental

Location: Local:

Miguel Pereira, Rio de Janeiro State Miguel Pereira - RJ

Website:

www.itpa.org.br

Project Description: Descrição do Projeto:

The program aims to promote biodiversity connectivity corridors between remnants of two of the major Atlantic Forest sites in Brazil and the recovery of the water production capacity in the Guandu watershed, responsible for providing water to 80% of the population of Rio de Janeiro’s metropolitan area.

Trata-se de um programa que visa à formação de um Corredor de Biodiversidade entre os dois maiores contínuos de Mata Atlântica do país e a recuperação da capacidade de produção de água dos ecossistemas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Guandu, responsável pelo abastecimento de 80% da população que vive na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro.

Restoration: Restauração:

The program’s objective is to restore 18 thousand hectares, one thousand of which have already been accomplished. The trip covered learning experiences about: bioregional planning actions; partnerships with rural landowners; payment for ecosystem services; forest restoration in areas of difficult access; use of stock for carrying plants and for plough; use of different forest restoration techniques and forest fire management.

A meta do Programa é de restaurar cerca de 18 mil hectares e já foram concluídos 1 mil hectares. Será possível observar ações de planejamento biorregional, parceria com proprietários rurais, pagamento por serviços ambientais, restauração florestal em áreas de difícil acesso, uso de animais para transporte e arado, uso de diferentes técnicas de restauração florestal e controle de incêndios florestais.


NEBLINAS PARK PARQUE DAS NEBLINAS

Project Coordinators and Members: Coordenadores e Membros do Projeto:

Paulo Groke – Ecofuturo Institute Michele Martins - Ecofuturo Institute David de Almeida Santos - Ecofuturo Institute Alexandre Di Ciero – Suzano Paper & Pulp Estevão do Prado Braga - Suzano Paper & Pulp

Paulo Groke – Instituto Ecofuturo Michele Martins - Instituto Ecofuturo David de Almeida Santos - Instituto Ecofuturo Alexandre Di Ciero – Suzano Papel e Celulose Estevão do Prado Braga - Suzano Papel e Celulose

Institutions: Instituições:

Ecofuturo Institute Suzano Paper & Pulp

Instituto Ecofuturo Suzano Papel e Celulose

Location: Local:

Mogi das Cruzes and Bertioga – São Paulo State Mogi das Cruzes e Bertioga - SP

Websites:

www.ecofuturo.org.br, www.suzano.com.br


The Neblinas Park is located between two municipalities in the state of São Paulo: Mogi das Cruzes and Bertioga. The park is a private reserve managed by the Ecofuturo Institute, a corporate NGO founded and maintained by Suzano Paper & Pulp. Protecting 6.1 thousand hectares, the park’s main goals are to: establish an operation model that will allow the restoration of 4.5 thousand hectares of Atlantic Forest in a former forest plantation; development of scientific research; low environmental impact forest management; socio-environmental education; ecotourism; and engagement of the communities in its surroundings in its activities. It also aims at replicating its model in other protected areas.

In 2004, the Neblinas Park was officially inaugurated. In 2008, a portion of the area (518 hectares) has received the formal official recognition as a Natural Heritage Private Preserve (RPPN acronym in Portuguese).

O Parque das Neblinas, localizado nos municípios de Mogi das Cruzes e Bertioga, estado de São Paulo, é uma reserva privada, gerida pelo Instituto Ecofuturo, ONG instituída e mantida pela Suzano Papel e Celulose. Com 6.100 hectares, o Parque tem como principais objetivos estabelecer, em uma antiga fazenda de produção florestal, modelo de operação que permita a restauração da Mata Atlântica em cerca de 4.500 hectares, o desenvolvimento de pesquisas científicas, o manejo florestal de baixo impacto ambiental, a educação socioambiental, o ecoturismo e a participação da comunidade do entorno. Visa também o estabelecimento de modelos replicáveis, permitindo que as metodologias desenvolvidas possam ser adotadas por outros proprietários rurais ou em outras unidades de conservação.

Desde 1999 a área vem sendo especialmente administrada. Em 2004 o Parque foi oficialmente inaugurado. Em 2008, parte da área (518 hectares)

http://www.ecofuturo.org.br/

http://www.suzano.com.br/


foi reconhecida como Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN).


One of the main goals of Neblinas Park project is the restoration of Atlantic Forest in areas of special interest for the conservation of this biome. This restoration is taking place in abandoned Eucalyptus plantation areas.

Natural/spontaneous mechanisms of restoration have been prioritized, due to the proximity with original forest remnants, the rich soil seed bank, the appropriate moisture levels and the existence of a diversified seed disperser fauna.

Suzano Paper & Pulp has also adopted a restoration model for both Atlantic Forest and Cerrado throughout its forestry properties. It includes a set of models, ranging from letting natural ecosystem regeneration take place to enrichment plantation of autochthone species.

Um dos objetivos principais do projeto Parque das Neblinas é a restauração da Mata Atlântica em zona de interesse estratégico para a conservação deste bioma. Essa restauração vem ocorrendo em áreas ocupadas por antigos plantios de espécies do gênero Eucalyptus.

Em função da proximidade com remanescentes da floresta original, rico banco de sementes, umidade propícia e existência de rica fauna disseminadora, optou-se por priorizar a restauração da Mata Atlântica por mecanismos naturais.

A Suzano Papel e Celulose também vem adotando em suas fazendas de produção florestal um modelo de restauração da Mata Atlântica e Cerrado que pressupõe um conjunto de tomada de decisões que vai desde a regeneração natural até o plantio de nativas no sistema de adensamento.

WATER CONSERVER PROJECT CONSERVADOR DAS ÁGUAS

Project Coordinator: Coordenador do Projeto:

Paulo Henrique Pereira - Environment Secretary Paulo Henrique Pereira - Secretário Municipal de Meio Ambiente


Extrema Municipality, Minas Gerais State Prefeitura do Município de Extrema - MG

Location: Local:

Extrema, Minas Gerais


The major initiative of Extrema municipality is the “Water Conservation Project”, which has been in implementation since 2005 and has won several awards, including: the “2012 Dubai International Award for Best Practices to Improve the Living

A maior iniciativa do Município de Extrema relacionado à preservação ambiental é o “Projeto Conservador das Águas”, que existe oficialmente desde 2005 e já ganhou vários prêmios, incluindo o “Prêmio Internacional Dubai 2012 para Boas


Conditions”, promoted the United Nations Programme for Human Settlements (Habitat /UN). In May 2012, the project was Greenvana GreenBest Award winner in the category “Government Initiatives”, chosen by the Academy GreenBest. The initiative also received the Best Practices in Local Cash Management 2011/2012; 10 and 12 Furnas Blue Gold Award; 2011 Good Example, the Dom Cabral Foundation; in 2014, it was the winner of the Von Martius Sustainability Award; among others.

The project conducts a planimetrical survey for each property and creates a GIS database indicating the current situation and the goals proposed for the site. The Municipal Secretariat of the Environment is then responsible for preparing these projects, defining which actions should be implemented and the goals to be achieved. The Municipal Council on Environmental Development (CODEMA) then considers and acts on the technical projects for rural properties. In return for joining the project, the landowner receives 100 UFEX (Fiscal Unit Extrema) per hectare, or approximately R$221 per year.

The project’s goals are to increase the forest cover in the sub-basins and to implement ecological micro corridors; to reduce levels of rural diffuse pollution resulting from sedimentation and eutrophication processes, and lack of environmental sanitation; to spread the concept of integrated vegetation-soil-water management in the Jaguari river basin; to ensure socio-economic and environmental sustainability of management practices implemented through financial incentives to landowners. Landowners from the Jaguari sub-basin with areas of less than two acres may join the project.

Práticas para a Melhoria das Condições de Vida”, promovido pelo Programa UN Habitat das Nações Unidas. Em Maio de 2012, o Conservador das Águas foi o vencedor do prêmio GreenBest, na categoria “Iniciativas Governamentais”. A iniciativa também recebeu os prêmios Boas Práticas em Gestão de Recursos Locais 2011/2012; prêmio Ouro Azul de Furnas, versões 2010 e 2012; prêmio Bom Exemplo, 2011, da Fundação Dom Cabral; em 2014, recebeu o prêmio Von Martius de Sustentabilidade; entre outros.

O projeto é basicamente a condução de levantamentos planimétricos para cada propriedade, além do desenvolvimento de uma base dados em SIG, que indica a situação presente e quais os objetivos propostos para cada local. A Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente é responsável pela preparação desses projetos e define quais ações devem ser implementadas e quais os objetivos a serem alcançados, dependendo das características de cada propriedade. O Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Ambiental (CODEMA) considerará e atuará nos projetos técnicos para as propriedades rurais. Em retribuição por aderir ao projeto, o proprietário receberá 100 UFEX (Unidades Fiscais de Extrema) por hectare, o que equivale a R$ 221 a cada ano.

Os objetivos desse projeto são: aumentar a cobertura florestal nas sub-bacias e implementar micro corredores ecológicos; reduzir os níveis de poluição rural difusa resultante dos processos de sedimentação e eutrofização e falta de saneamento ambiental; divulgar o conceito de manejo integrado entre vegetação, solo e água na bacia do rio Jaguari; assegurar a sustentabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental de gestão e das práticas implementadas por meio de incentivos financeiros aos proprietários de terras. Podem participar do projeto proprietários de terra que tenham suas áreas inseridas na sub-bacia trabalhada pelo projeto cuja área não ultrapasse dois acres.


ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE PROGRAM OF CAPOAVA, INGAZINHO AND JEQUITIBÁ

PROPERTIES

PROGRAMA DE ADEQUAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DAS FAZENDAS

CAPOAVA, JEQUITIBÁ E INGAZINHO


Ricardo Rodrigues, André Nave, Fernando Lamonato, Fabiano Farah, Guilherme Madalosso, Eduardo Marangão, Guilherme Faganello


Bioflora – Restoration Technology;

Ecology and Forest Restoration Laboratory (LERF / ESALQ / São Paulo State University)

Bioflora – Tecnologia da Restauração;

Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal (LERF/ESALQ/USP)

Location: Local:

Itu, São Paulo State Itu – SP


The Environmental Compliance Program of Capoava, Ingazinho and Jequitibá properties aim to conserve biodiversity, protect the edaphic and water resources and highlight the importance of the natural heritage. The project has developed a methodology for restoration of vegetation in Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), Legal Reserve (RL) and also in Agricultural Area (AA). It aims to promote the conservation of ecosystems and structuring of self-sustaining forests with high diversity of native species, including native tree species of economic potential, aiming at timber production in the Legal Reserve and Agricultural Areas. The Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF / ESALQ / USP), in conjunction with the Tropical Forestry Laboratory (LASTROP / ESALQ / USP) and the Bioflora company - Restoration Technology, proposed the implementation of this restoration method, especially for areas of low agricultural potential, as steep slopes and rocky areas that have been degraded in the past, previously occupied by pastures. Currently, approximately 350 thousand seedlings were planted in total, in the three farms.

The project focuses on the characterization of forest remnants and marking tree motherboards

O Programa de Adequação Ambiental das propriedades Capoava, Ingazinho e Jequitibá tem como objetivos a conservação da biodiversidade, proteção dos recursos edáficos e hídricos e evidenciar a importância do patrimônio natural. O projeto também apresenta uma proposta metodológica de restauração da vegetação em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs), de Reserva Legal (RL) e também em Área Agrícola (AA), visando a conservação dos ecossistemas e estruturação de florestas autossustentáveis com a implantação de alta diversidade de espécies nativas, inclusive utilizando espécies arbóreas nativas de potencial econômico, visando o aproveitamento por meio da produção de madeira na Reserva Legal e Áreas Agrícolas. O Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal (LERF/ESALQ/USP), em conjunto com o Laboratório de Silvicultura Tropical (LASTROP/ESALQ/USP) e a empresa Bioflora - Tecnologia da Restauração, propuseram a implantação desse método de restauração para todas as áreas das Fazendas, principalmente para as áreas de baixa aptidão agrícola, como áreas de declividade acentuado e de afloramento rochoso que já foram degradadas no passado e que


for seedling production with high floristic diversity and genetic representation of the different successional planting and groups. It has also been developing four educational trails, covering about 55 species and numbering the routes.

estavam anteriormente ocupadas com pastagens. Atualmente, foram plantadas aproximadamente 350.000 mudas no total, considerando as três Fazendas.

No escopo do projeto também são contempladas a caracterização dos remanescentes florestais, a marcação de árvores-matrizes, que permitirão a produção de mudas com alta diversidade florística e genética, representando os diferentes grupos sucessionais e de plantio, e também a elaboração de quatro trilhas educativas envolvendo as áreas, abrangendo cerca de 55 espécies identificadas e numeradas nos percursos.


- Ecological Restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas, Legal Reserve and Agricultural Areas;

- Conservation, management and restoration of the remaining forest formations and areas of permanent preservation, aimed at environmental compliance;

- Commercial exploitation of native species through sustainable management in the areas of Legal Reserve and Agricultural Areas occupied by grazing;

- Identification and georeferencing motherboards of native species for future seed collection actions and seedling production;

- Technical maintenance and monitoring of the restored areas and forest remnants occurring on properties entered in this project.

- Restauração ecológica de Áreas de Preservação Permanente, Reserva Legal e Áreas Agrícolas;

- Conservação, manejo e restauração das formações florestais remanescentes e das áreas de preservação permanente, visando a adequação ambiental e legal das propriedades;

- Exploração comercial de espécies nativas por meio de manejo sustentável em áreas de Reserva Legal e das Áreas Agrícolas ocupadas com pastagem;

- Identificação e georreferenciamento de Matrizes de espécies florestais nativas para futuras ações de coleta de sementes e produção de mudas;

- Acompanhamento técnico para a manutenção e monitoramento das áreas restauradas e dos remanescentes florestais ocorrentes nas propriedades inseridas nesse projeto.


BIOFLORA TREES NURSERY VIVEIRO DE MUDAS BIOFLORA


André Nave, Ricardo Rodrigues, Guilherme Faganello.


Bioflora – Restoration Technology Bioflora – Tecnologia da Restauração

Location: Local:

Piracicaba, São Paulo State Piracicaba - SP

Website:

http://www.viveirobioflora.com.br/


Bioflora was founded in 1998 with the purpose of assisting in the development of forest restoration in the country. It provides products and services with the highest standard of quality and has continually evolved since its foundation by applying the latest scientific findings and recommendations techniques for transforming degraded environments into self-sustaining forests rich in regional native species.

Located in Piracicaba (São Paulo State), the nursery is a national resource for the production of seeds and seedlings of native forest species. Annually it produces approximately 3 tons of seeds and 4 million seedlings of more than 200 species.

Bioflora meets all high quality standards required for successful forest restoration activities and continually invests in training its employees, who include biologists, agronomists , agricultural and environmental technicians, consultants, and PHD professionals from the Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration ESALQ / São Paulo State University, responsible for Research and Development sector of the company.

Fundado em 1998 com o propósito de prestar assistência no desenvolvimento da restauração florestal no país e prover produtos e serviços de alto padrão de qualidade aos atores dessa atividade, a Bioflora evoluiu continuamente desde sua fundação com a aplicação das descobertas científicas mais recentes e técnicas recomendadas na arte de transformar ambientes degradados em florestas autossuficientes e ricas em espécies nativas da região.

Localizada em Piracicaba (SP), nosso viveiro é atualmente uma referência nacional na produção de sementes e mudas de espécies florestais nativas, produzindo anualmente cerca de 3 toneladas de sementes e 4 milhões de mudas para mais de 200 espécies.

A Bioflora atende hoje aos mais altos padrões de qualidade para atividades de restauração florestal bem sucedidas. Para isso, além de ter uma estrutura forte e organizada, a Bioflora investe continuamente em treinamento de seus empregados. Sua equipe inclui biólogos, agrônomos, técnicos agrícolas e ambientais, e também consultores doutores do Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal da ESALQ / USP, responsáveis pelo Setor de Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa da empresa.


CULTIVATION OF NATIVE TREES FOR ECONOMIC PURPOSES

CULTIVO DE ÁRVORES NATIVAS PARA FINALIDADES ECONÔMICAS


Juliano Ferreira Dias – Fibria, Tathiane Santi Sarcinelli – Fibria, Ricardo Rodrigues – ESALQ / USP, Pedro Brancalion – ESALQ / USP.


The experiment is an initiative of the Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact, the Ecology and Forest

Restoration Laboratory and the Tropical Forestry Laboratory (University of São Paulo), and it has

the support of Fibria Cellulose S.A.

Este experimento é uma iniciativa do Pacto para a Restauração da Mata Atlântica, do Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal e do Laboratório

de Silvicultura Tropical da Universidade de São Paulo, e tem o apoio da Fibria Celulose S.A.

Location: Local:

Aracruz, Espírito Santo Aracruz - ES

Websites:

www.fibria.com.br

http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/southamerica/brazil/explore/atlantic-forest-restoration-pact.xml


This project occupies an area of 11.3 hectares owned by Fibria, in Aracruz, Espírito Santo state, where 40 native species from Atlantic Forest and eucalyptus were planted in June 2011.

The native species are arranged in groups of initial, medium and final harvest cycle, in order to provide a steady supply of wood production.

Eight models are currently being tested, with five repetitions each, 240 plants per plot and spacing of 3x3 meters.

This field trial aims to develop and test models of native species in plantation, including the use of eucalyptus as a pioneer specie to ensure environmental compliance and economic return in Legal Reserves and in areas with low agricultural potential in northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia.

O projeto ocupa uma área de 11,3 hectares de propriedade da Fibria, em Aracruz, Espírito Santo, onde 40 espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica e Eucalyptus foram plantadas em Junho de 2011.

As espécies nativas foram organizadas em grupos de ciclo de colheita inicial, médio e final, visando a um fluxo estável de produção de madeira.

Oito modelos estão sendo testados, com cinco repetições cada, 240 plantas por parcela e espaçamento de 3 x 3 metros.

Esse ensaio de campo visa ao desenvolvimento e teste de modelos de plantio de espécies nativas, incluindo o uso de Eucalyptus como uma espécie pioneira, para assegurar conformidade ambiental e retorno econômico em Reservas Legais e em áreas com baixo potencial agrícola no Norte do Espírito Santo e Sul da Bahia.




Models Modelos

1 Native trees for timber Árvores nativas para madeira

2 Native trees for timber interspersed with

Eucalyptus for timber – single lines

Árvores nativas para madeira intercaladas com Eulalyptus para madeira – linhas

simples


Eucalyptus for pulp – single lines Árvores nativas para madeira intercaladas com Eulalyptus para polpa – linhas simples


Eucalyptus for timber – double lines

Árvores nativas para madeira intercaladas com Eulalyptus para madeira – linhas

duplas


Eucalyptus for pulp – double lines Árvores nativas para madeira intercaladas com Eulalyptus para polpa – linhas duplas

6 Eucalyptus for timber production Eucalyptus para produção de madeira

7 Eucalyptus for cellulose pulp Eucalyptus para polpa de celulose

8 Native trees for biodiversity restoration

without economic exploitation Árvores nativas para a restauração da

biodiversidade sem explotação econômica


Fibria aims to restore 40 thousand hectares by 2025. Its Restoration Program started in 2010 and has already achieved around 17,000 hectares in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, employing methodologies such as planting of native species, assisted natural regeneration and control of invasive species.

In July 2014, the project began to implement a methodology that combines eucalyptus and native species in Legal Reserves, with the approval of a management plan by the state environmental agency. So far, almost 200 hectares of this model have been executed. Two rotations are planned and the eucalyptus wood will be used for pulp production, thereby reducing the cost of restoration. At the end of the second cycle, eucalyptus’s buds are controlled and restoration will be undertaken in the previous eucalyptus lines.

The next project, predicted to start this year, intends to deploy the model in four properties of forestry partners.

A Fibria tem um objetivo de longo prazo de restaurar 40 mil hectares até 2025. Seu Programa de Restauração iniciou em 2010 e já implementou cerca de 17 mil hectares nos estados da Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e São Paulo, empregando métodos como o plantio de espécies nativas, regeneração natural assistida e controle de espécies invasoras.

Em julho de 2014, nós iniciamos a colocar em prática o método que combina Eucalyptus e espécies nativas em Reservas Legais, com a aprovação de um plano de manejo florestal pela agência ambiental do estado. Até o momento, quase 200 hectares com esse modelo foram implementados. Duas rotações estão planejadas e a madeira de Eucalyptus será usada para a produção de polpa, portanto reduzindo o custo de restauração. Ao final do segundo ciclo, as gemas de Eucalyptus serão controladas e promoveremos a restauração nestas linhas de Eucalyptus.

Nosso próximo projeto, com início programado para 2015, buscará implementar o modelo em quatro propriedades e parceiros de silvicultura.

Additional information: Informações adicionais:


Ecological functions and harvest cycle of species employed in the project/field trial:

1 - Initial Wood: species of this group have the main ecological function of quickly occupying and covering the area. The wood is mainly used for crates and coal. The harvesting cycle is 10 years. Eucalyptus is considered in the group of initial wood species.

2 - Medium Wood: include species that are intermediate in the natural forest succession. They have a good economic value because of their use in woodworking. The harvest cycle is 20 years.

3 – Late / End Wood: include species that are typical of the final stages of natural forest succession. They have a high economic value, and noble use in carpentry and joinery. The harvest cycle is 30 to 40 years.

4 – Supplementary / Complementary Wood: these species are planted interspersed with latewood trees in the same rows, aiming at providing shade and avoiding the forking or branching of wood species with higher economic value. After nearly 20 years, the complementary species die naturally or are removed by thinning, thus boosting the growth of latewood individuals.

Funções ecológicas e ciclos de colheita de espécies do projeto/ensaio de campo:

1 – Madeiras iniciais: espécies deste grupo têm a principal função ecológica de rapidamente ocupar e cobrir a área. A madeira é usada principalmente para embalagens/containers e carvão. O ciclo de colheita é de 10 anos. O Eucalyptus é considerado como parte do grupo de espécies de madeiras iniciais.

2 – Madeiras médias: inclui espécies que são intermediárias na sucessão florestal natural. Elas possuem bom valor econômico em função dos seus usos em marcenaria. O ciclo de colheita é de 20 anos.

3 – Madeiras finais ou tardias: inclui espécies que são típicas dos estádios finais de sucessão florestal natural. Possuem alto valor econômico e usos mais nobres na carpintaria e marcenaria. O ciclo de colheita é de 30 a 40 anos.

4 – Madeiras suplementares / complementares: essas espécies são plantadas intercaladas nas mesmas linhas com as árvores de madeiras finais, visando à formação de sombra e evitando a ramificação ou formação de galhada das espécies madeiráveis com maior valor econômico. Após aproximadamente 20 anos, as espécies complementares morrem naturalmente ou são removidas por desbastes, potencializando o crescimento dos indivíduos tardios.

In its Legal Reserves, Fibria does not expect to explore native species planted with eucalyptus. The native species used in this model are the same as those employed in the company’s Restoration Program.

Nas suas Reservas Legais, a Fibria não espera explorar espécies nativas que foram plantadas com Eucalyptus. As espécies nativas usadas nesse modelo são as mesmas que aquelas usadas no Programa de Restauração da empresa.


ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF AREAS UNDER RESTORATION PROCESS

MONITORAMENTO ECOLÓGICO DE ÁREAS EM PROCESSO DE RESTAURAÇÃO


Juliano Dias – Fibria, Rubens Benini – TNC, Tathiane Sarcinelli – Fibria, Vanessa Girão – TNC


The Nature Conservancy (TNC), FIBRIA Celulose S.A.

Location: Local:

Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia states ES, MG e BA

Website:

http://www.tnc.org.br/, http://www.fibria.com.br/


Fibria Cellulose is a Brazilian company that produces bleached pulp from renewable eucalyptus plantations. The company is promoting the restoration of 40,000 hectares by 2025 in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil. To date, approximately 12,500 hectares of its land were covered by forest restoration interventions.

In 2014, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) signed a technical cooperation agreement with Fibria to conduct ecological monitoring of the company’s restoration areas.

In this project, 4.3 thousand hectares scattered in 2,256 former forestry parcels and 1,093 plots have been monitored by using the standardized monitoring protocol developed by TNC, Fibria and the Pact for the Restoration of the Atlantic Forest.

TNC is developing an Android app for data collection, in accordance with the monitoring protocol, in order to get rid of the printed worksheets, reducing costs and improving the data collection and analyses. The app will be linked to a platform (Plant a Billion Trees, TNC’s system for managing the whole process, including data analyses and adaptive management

Fibria Celulose é uma empresa brasileira que produz polpa celulósica branqueada a partir de plantações renováveis de Eucalyptus. A empresa tem como um de seus objetivos de sustentabilidade de longo prazo promover a restauração de 40 mil hectares nos estados da Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e São Paulo, até 2025. Até o momento, cerca de 12,5 mil hectares tiveram algum tipo de intervenção para a restauração da floresta.

Em 2014, a The Nature Conservancy (TNC) assinou com a Fibria um acordo de cooperação técnica para conduzir o monitoramento ecológico das áreas de restauração da empresa.

Neste projeto foram monitorados 4.363,08 hectares distribuídos em 2.256 talhões e 1093 parcelas por meio da aplicação do protocolo de monitoramento único desenvolvido por TNC, FIBRIA e Pacto pela Restauração da Mata Atlântica.

Associado à coleta de dados em campo, a TNC está desenvolvendo um aplicativo para Android, coletor de dados, já baseado no protocolo de monitoramento, para substituir as planilhas de

http://www.tnc.org.br/

http://www.fibria.com.br/


recommendations outputs, in an automatic routine.

papel, reduzindo custos e facilitando a coleta e análise dos dados.

Além disso, o coletor estará integrado a um sistema (Sistema Plant a Billion Trees da TNC), onde está sendo também desenvolvido um módulo monitoramento, no qual será gerenciado todo o processo, inclusive com análise dos dados e recomendações de manejo adaptativo de forma automática.

ESPÍRITO SANTO’S PROGRAM FOR THE INCREASING OF THE FOREST COVER -

REFLORESTAR PROGRAM

PROGRAMA CAPIXABA DE AMPLIAÇÃO DA COBERTURA FLORESTAL – PROGRAMA REFLORESTAR


Manager: Marcos Franklin Sossai. Team: Anazélia Magda Tedesco, José Aquino Machamo Junior, Lucelio Lovatti, Claudia Mello, Raphael Jorge Costa, Samuel Coura, Juliana Coura, Sandro Rodrigo Aniceto Souza

Gerente: Marcos Franklin Sossai. Equipe: Anazélia Magda Tedesco, José Aquino Machamo Junior, Lucelio Lovatti, Claudia Mello, Raphael Jorge Costa, Samuel Coura, Juliana Coura, Sandro Rodrigo Aniceto Souza


General Coordination: Espírito Santo’s Secretariat for the Environment and Water Resources (SEMA) and State Agency for the Environment and Water Resources (IEMA).

In partnership with: Incaper, IDAF, AGERH, TNC, WRI, IUCN, IBIO

Coordenação Geral: Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos – SEAMA e Instituto Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos – IEMA.

Participação: Incaper, IDAF, AGERH, TNC, WRI, IUCN, IBIO

Location: Local:

Coordination office: Cariacica, Espírito Santo

Project area: Espírito Santo State

Coordenação: Cariacica – ES.

Atuação: todo o estado.

Website:

www.reflorestar.es.gov.br



This project aims to promote the hydrological cycle restoration by means of conservation and forest recovery, generating opportunities and income for the rural landowner, by adopting the ‘friendly’ use of the soil, in Espírito Santo State. The project’s main adherence incentive is the Payment for Ecosystem Services, that may be granted to the landowner in recognition for the conservation of the natural vegetation, the restoration actions, or for the acquisition of supplies needed for the adoption of new ‘friendly’ land use. The landowners receive technical support from specialized consultant companies, who write the technical projects.

The planting and the maintenance are carried out by the landowners as part of their commitment to the project. Taking part in this project happens on a voluntary basis. The participation starts by submitting an application through a platform developed exclusively for the Reflorestar project.

The necessary funds for the implementation of the project usually come from the royalties from oil and natural gas exploitation, from which 2.5% are deposited every month in the State Fund for Water Forest Resources. The funds also come from donations or from other funding sources.

In addition to the incentives to the forest recovery, the program also carries out monitoring and law enforcement in restoration areas that represent more than 150 thousand hectares in the territory of Espírito Santo.

Tem como objetivo promover a restauração do ciclo hidrológico por meio da Conservação e Recuperação Florestal, com geração de oportunidades e renda para o produtor rural, através da adoção de práticas de uso amigável dos solos do estado do Espírito Santo. Possui como principal ferramenta de estimulo o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais – PSA, que pode ser fornecido ao produtor rural em reconhecimento à conservação da vegetação nativa existente e/ou em recuperação e/ou para aquisição dos insumos necessários ao plantio de novas práticas de uso do solo. O atendimento ao produtor rural é feito por meio de empresas de consultoria especializadas em assistência técnica, que elaboram os projetos técnicos.

As ações de plantio e manutenção são feitas pelo produtor rural como contrapartida. A participação no programa é voluntária e se inicia a partir de cadastro no sistema desenvolvido exclusivamente para atender ao Reflorestar.

Os recursos para execução do programa são proveniente, em sua maioria, de royalties do petróleo e do gás natural, que são aportados (2,5%) mensalmente no Fundo Estadual de Recursos Hídricos e Florestais. Outras fontes como doações, financiamentos também mantem o programa.

Além das ações de estímulo à recuperação florestal, o programa atua ainda com monitoramento e fiscalização de áreas em processo de regeneração, que somam atualmente mais de 150 mil hectares em todo o Estado.


Besides promoting restoration of native forest, the program may also support plantation initiatives aiming at environmental and economic gains, which may include agroforestry, cattle and forestry consortia, and forest plantations. The grants may be as high as R$ 8,6 thousand a year. The program is implemented throughout the state of Espírito Santo State. One of its goals is to provide support to a minimum of 1 thousand landowners per year. The payment is done to the landowners by means of a donation, and the terms are established in a formal contract. The amount of money is calculated taking in account each technical project, which is also part of the

Além da recuperação da mata nativa, pode apoiar plantio com práticas que conciliem proteção e conservação com geração de renda, como sistema agroflorestais, silvipastoris e florestas para manejo, com investimentos que podem chegar a cerca de R$ 8.600,00/ano. Atua em todo o território do Estado e tem como meta atender pelo menos 1000 produtores por ano. Os recursos são repassados ao produtor rural na forma de doação, por meio de contratos. Os valores são calculados com base em projeto técnico que compõe o contrato. De acordo com o contrato, a utilização incorreta dos recursos fornecidos faz


contract. If a misuse of the funds is observed, the landowner must return the money to the government.

The monitoring procedures are carried out once a year in the restoration areas. Payment for environmental services to the landowners are made in installments, only upon completion of tasks and assessment of goals achieved.

com que os mesmos necessitem ser devolvidos ao estado.

Ações de monitoramento são realizadas anualmente nas áreas em recuperação, para verificar andamento dos plantios e para viabilizar pagamento de parcelas do PSA.


9. Reference Materials

Aronson, J. 2011. Sustainability science demands that we define our terms across diverse

disciplines, Landscape Ecol (2011) 26:457–460. DOI 10.1007/s10980-011-9586-2.

Aronson, J.; Alexander, S. 2013. Steering Towards Sustainability Requires More Ecological

Restoration. Natureza & Conservação 11(2):127-137

Calmon, M.; Brancalion, P.H.S.; Paese, A.; Aronson, J.; Castro, P.; Silva, S.C. da; Rodrigues;

R.R. 2011. Emerging Threats and Opportunities for Large-Scale Ecological Restoration in the

Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Restoration Ecology Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 154-158.

Dean, W. 1997. With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

University of California Press.

Nunes, S. S., Barlow, J., Gardner, T. A., Siqueira, J. V., Sales, M. R. and Souza, C. M. 2015. A

22-year assessment of deforestation and restoration in riparian forests in the eastern Brazilian

Amazon. Environmental Conservation, 42 (03), pp.193–203. [Online]. Available at:

doi:10.1017/S0376892914000356.

Nunes, S.; Gardner, T. A.; Barlow, J.; Martins, H.; Salomão, R.; Monteiro, D.; Souza Jr., C.

Compensating for past deforestation: assessing the legal forest surplus and deficit of the state of

Pará, eastern Amazonia. Land Use Policy. In press.

Ribeiro, M.C.; Metzger, J.P.; Martensen, A.C.; Ponzoni, F.J.; Hirota, M.M. 2009. The Brazilian

Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for

conservation. Biological Conservation 142, pp.1141–1153.

Weisse, M. & Petersen, 2015. Blog Global Forest Watch. September 3rd, 2015.

World Bank Institute. 2010 Rehabilitating a Degraded Watershed: A Case Study from China’s

Loess Plateau.

Yihe Lu, Bojie Fu, Xiaoming Feng, Yuan Zeng, Yu Liu, Ruiying Chang, Ge Sun, Bingfang Wu.

2012. A Policy-Driven Large Scale Ecological Restoration: Quantifying Ecosystem Services

Changes in the Loess Plateau of China. PLoS ONE 7(2): e31782. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031782.


Figure 17: Neblina Park on September 20th (top right - Mariana Oliveira/WRI Brasil, 2015); Bioflora project on September 22nd

(top left - Instituto Ecofuturo Suzano and below - Mariana Oliveira/WRI Brasil, 2015)

ihttp://www.forestlandscaperestoration.org/topic/bonn-challenge ii BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS}.

http://www.forestlandscaperestoration.org/topic/bonn-challenge

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS

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