to

¯.¸51

R~red tor](~~ Abram.

"FOR OOD, AND GOOD TO AFRICA AND HER PEOPLE,"

"Talk to rt~ a~n oJ Power, and P(l tell ~o~ oat Protea~on. Mention a Mo.~trat.e, and tl~ ~tea follo~s of Prot~..ty. 5"7o~oran any ~, and yoa~ are to se~ tl~ trropt~ intareat of tl~ss 9orerned. Power ¢ona~tuged ott~td~ ~ a raom~ertl~ is ~m~ in eve~ ~stem wTwte th~r~ is any ~aoHon of tho juet~ of God or tl~ 9ood of maruh’nd."--Emttrsv Bvaz~

r’I/ any Co’on,st tq~ers from injust~r~, t~J~x,.r may be ~i~s da~, h~ cm~>n, or ~ co~tr, I~ ~ a r~q~ ~o v~dregt altl~ Aand~ o/ ~ ~o~ Min$~r in th~ o~ungrg."~F, xaL OF Cma.’.,-a~vo~, Sr.,Ca~a.~" oz Sr,~ra) FO~ ~ Coto.vta~Avovs~ $, 1866.

Vo~. XIV.~No. 158.] LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1874. ~Pvs~.,ss~,.orta~.,- 18zl~,iptios, $~, ~rAm.

CONTENTS.~FAOE

The West Coast MM~ ..........................................................14Andval~ pea Volt~ Ethlop~ Senegal, sn~ Elmina .....................I~8~ Month~ lathe D~btor@ Preen, Siena Leone .....................14Pressure of Onsto~s Datie~ under the New Regulations ...............14The Gold Co~t Colony ...........................................................14Revolt in Ashanti ..................................................................14Azlmnt~ Measanger~ ...............................................................14We~t African New,, .................: ............................................15The MiZen to Kum~ ............................................................15Sunday Fees to Curtom House O~eers ......................................16Br~.,~,~l ..m~Z .X~’o~, ......................................................t6Slavery on the t~old Coast ....... ...........................................16

~AG~Wood made Indegn’uctible by Fir~ or Rot .................................17Liverpool Markets. ...............................................................ITRe~tlt~ o{ the War----State of the A~.nti Countries .....................18A Little War in Porto Nero ...................................................19Prisoners in the Debtors’ Goal of Sierra Loons ..........................19Slavery on the Gold Coss$ ............[ ............................................19Imperil Parliament .................... ...........................................21East Aft’learn Slave Trade .........................................................21Gold for All Time ................................................................22 ̄Book~ received for Review ...................................................2"2What we Pay for War ............................................................23D~th ........ .......................................................................2~

AFRICAN AGENCYFor Transacting Brininess in England for Native and other Traders on the West Coast of Africa.

"IN consequence of wishes expres~d from all parts of the West Coast, ~da. FtxzOzax~n has made arrangements for sellingJ. produce consigned to him by ships to London or Liverpool; and purchasing, an~ shipping good* ordered against the proceeds-of con~gnmenk or other effectlvo remittances only, from either of the above port*, on a system by which the greatest Posdbleadvantage of the marke~ will be secured tothe A~sle~ TRiers; and, as time is very important to small capitalists return goodswill be sent offin all cases without any delay beyond such as may sometimes be caused by mannfacturers.

All lette~ and bills of lading, whether the aMpments be to or from London or Liverpool, to be addressedF. FITZGERALD, Es~.,

121, l~leet-street, I,on~on, S.C.

N.B.--Open Policies on Insurance for Produce from the Coast by the Mall Steamers; but intended Shipments should beadvised it possible.

,..~E ~’/.’.hu IV~ 3BH]I=~, 1874:.

BRITISH AND AFRICAN STEAM NAVIGATION { OMPANY.The Steamers of this Company now leave Liverpool every alternate Saturday. Goods will be received st the Losdin$ Berth

(North Side Coburg Dock) until 8 P.~. on Sept. 10 and 24; and Parceh up to 6 p.~t. on Sept. II end 25.The Royal Mail Steamship LOANDA is intended to be dispatched from LIVERPOOL on the 12th SEPTP.~IBER, for

Madeira~ Teneriffej Bathurst, Sierra Leone, Cape Coast Castle, Accrs, Jellah Coffee, Lagos, Benin, Bonny, l~ernando Po, and OldC~dabar.

The next depa~tnro ia intended to’be the Steamsh(l~ CAMEROON, which will leave LIVERPOOL direct on the ~6th SEP-TEM.BER for Madeira, Teneriffe, sierra Leone, Monrovis, Cspo Palms% Half Jack, Cape Coast Castle, Accra, Jellah Coffee,Last% Benin, Bonny, l~ernando Po~ and 01d Calabar.

Passengers by above Packets will embark by Tender from Prince’s Landing Stage at I0 A.~t. on the day of sailing.The above Packets will also take Cargo for New Cs]abar, Brass, Benin, and Opobo (delivering inside the Bars), the same to

be transhipped at Bonny and forwarded by Branch Steamer.Goods for Sierra Leone wit be landed there at Ship’s expense, but Shipper’s risk. All Goods while on board the Company’s

hulks at Bonny, to be at Shipper’s or Consignee’s risk.’Billsof Lading of the Company’s Form can be obtained from T~zo~s ~aatz and Sex, 91, Buchanan-street, Glasgow ; end

D. M~x~.% 50s, Lord.street, Liverpool. All letters must pass through the Post-o~ce. . ~ .For further information apply in London to 1fes~rs. ~fs.~’oz~, Hvnsox, ann t~o.. o, bzosuy-~usre ; fn Glasgow to TarLo~

Lxvoma~n, and Co, 24, Oswald.street; and in Liverpool, to ELnza, Dz.m~xza, and CO., 48, Castle-street.

WE8T COAST ~fAIL STEAEERS.ABRKVAI~.

British ancl African S. N. CO.’s Steamer Volts, August 8.African SteamsMp Compsn~e Steamer Send,n, August 6.Afiie~ Ute,m~hip Company,s Steamer EtMopia, August 11.African Steamship Company s Steamer Biafra, August 12.British and African S. ~. CO.’a Steamer Senegal, August 16.African Steamship C, mpany’s Ste~mer Elmina, August 26.

DEPARi’UR~,

British end African 8. IX’. Co.’s Steamer Benguels, August 1.At,.;,.,,, Rtoam "u Company’s Steamer Monrovis, Augu,t 8......... shlr _ - .British and African S. i~. Co.’s Steamer Volta, August 15.British and AMcan S. lq. Co.’a Steamer Congo, for S.W. Coast,August 15.

African Steamship Company s Steamer Ethlopi~, August 22.British and African 8. N. Co.’s Steamer Senegal, August 29.

i{

14 THE AFRICAN TIMES. [Auo. 29, 1874,

THE WEST COAST MAILS.lavxP.Pooz, August 11 .--The African Mail steamship Ethloph,

O. W. Davis commander, arrived in the Mersey to-day, from theWe~t Coast of Africa, with 1,198 ounces of gold dust, and2,560L in specie¯ The health on the Coast was good.LlvxRPooL, August 12.--The African Royal Mail steamship

Biafra arrived in the Mersey last night with the mails andpassengers from the West and South-west Coast of Africa.l.,ivmiPooz, August 26.--The African Royal Mail steamer

Elmira arrived in the Mersey to.day from the West Coast ofAfrica. She brings eight passengers and 272 ouncea of gold dust,but no news of importance. The brigantine Exemplar waswrecked offthe River Nun on the 15th of July, and the mate,boatswain, and cook were drowned.

ARRIVALS PER STEAMSHIP VOLTA.Mr. F¯ Rinney and Mr. J. Lyon, from Fernando Po; Mr.

S. Cheetham, Bonny; Mr. T. NeLson, Old Calabar ; Mr. $. Finley,Mr¯ Gauncey, and Mr. ft. Sago, Lagos; Mr. A. Evans, Mr. H¯Hicks, Mr. J. Hough, and Mr. 3. Beaver, Cape Coast Castle ; Mr.J. Love and Mr. W. Goddard, Cape Palmas.

ARRIVALS PER STEAMSHIP ETHIOPIA.Eev. Mrs. ~tgerley, Miss ~. Edgerley, and Mrs. Beedie and

infant, from Old Calabar; Mr. W. Crass, Bonny; Mr. PaulBerand, Lagos; Mr. J. Buncos and Roy. %f. Haas, Acorn ; Dr.T. Oughten, Mr. W. H. Solby, Mr. J. Palmer, Mr. W. Deans, andMaster E. Caussey, Cape Coast Castle; Mr. W. A. William,Grand Bassa ; Captain Grant, Sierra Ieone.

ARRIVALS PER STEAMSHIP SENEGAL.Captain Bell, Captain Dismorest, and Mr. Halpin, from Bonny;

Mr. Linstedt, Lagos; Captain Skinner, Half Jack; ~f.r. Bedmanand Mr. Reals, Sierra Leone ;. Dr. Mielt, Madeira.

ARRIVALS PER STEAMSHIP ELMINA.Captain Robertson, Mr. T. Croft, and Captain Sharpo, from

Bonny ; Mr. :E. Wodehouse, Cape Coast Castle.

SIXTEEN MONTHS IN THE DEBTORS’ PRISON, SIERRALEONE.

~0 THE ~BIIOR OF THn A.FI~eJ~’N" 2"£~ES.

Freetown, Sierra Leone, Debtors’ Prison,ffuly 25, 1874.

Sir,--I beg once more to bring to your notice the hopelesscircumstance in which I am still placed here in the Debtors’Prison. In 5our journal of 80th April last you suggested toreferthe case to the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for theColonies. tiithezto I have not been favoured with any fartherremarks in your journal relative to the matter in question.I am compelled, from the very dark prospect of thinga before me,

to write to you again on the subject. To me it appears that nothingbut death wilt remove me from this prison. I have again filed myschedule; no notice is taken of it; all communications to theauthorities respectiug it are unheeded. I cannot and dare not goout to see them in person; I have no friend to see them for me.Resorting to the laws here for relief from my misery is as goodas throwing myself into the sea, or falling into the fire to seekfor relief. Help! help ! helpl now I cry. Help me, for I amnow in the sixteenth month of my imprisonment, and none tohelp in Sierra Leone.--=I remain, dear Sir, your obedient servant,

J. B. S.

PRESSURE OF CUSTOMS DUTIES UNDER THENEW REGULATIONS.

~O ~IHE EnIro~ OF rilE AFEICAN "rIMES.Cape Coast~ July 19.

Sir,~You have no doubt been made aware of the alterationeffected here by Sir Garnet Wol~ley before he left the Coast--effected,it is said, st the instigation of Captain Lees. The spirit andsome other duties being heavy, and the amount payable on cargoeaof such articles consequently large, the authorities used to givethree months’ credit to merchants furnishing adequate guaranteesecurity¯ Now ull this is done away with, arrears have beencalled up, and importers made to pay the entire duty at once onlanding the goods. This change ban, of course, created muchdifficulty. If the Governmen¢ hsd been able and prepared togive to every trader the benefit of bonded stores at every port ofentry along this Gold Coast, there would not, of course, have beenany need of the quarterly credit. But they have no such bondedstores ; end in the ab~nce of such accommodation we think it nomore than just that such credit should be given. Can you notassist in getting the system of three months’ credit restored ?With regard to imprisonment for debt, I think it might be

done away with entirely, if not too rapidly done. It would makethe merchants properly careful as to whom they gave credit to.Affairs on the Gold Coast are changing very rapidly since the

"exchange" and the "wart’ and I have little doubt that the

advance of Christian civilization from the seaboard to the fatinterior will be.rapid, and a t~ation be, as it were, "b~rn in a day."Things are dearly tending in that direction by the removal ofinterior obstacle*, and by. the proposed greater adminisfrativ0vlgour here. Blessed be t~at Administratdr who wlil turn hhattention in earnest to the making of roads, at all places wherethe}" may be used by the people with advantage. You cannotimagine’the barbarous way in which we have to travel,~tha timeit takes up, the fstig,:e, and the expend. For instance, fromCape Coast to Elmira, eight miles from Castle to Castle, a heavyman will have to pay about fMrty tMllings sterling t~ frip / Itwill be some time, I fear, before we get a substantial bridge over the"Sweet River." Whet ta theuseof our importing horses, mules,donkeys, oxen, carts, and carriages, when We cannot use them?No read to use them on, except a narrow one for pleasure, andthat not even broad enough for one vehicle to pass another;extending also a short distance up steep hills and down what maybe called precipices. There is not one single good business roadfrom any one town te another. As regards ~zvz.~nz, there is nodifficulty in getting a revenue of 200,000L a-year. No merchantor trader will grumble at being taxed, if he sees that a proper useis made of the money, that commerce is facilitated, and theresourcea of the country developed.--Youta truly,

A.’," OLn Fa~z.xD

THE GOLD COAST COLONY.On the arrival of the Volta, the NT"afern .~d~ry published

the following account of an important "palaver" convoked "byCaptain Lees to induce the Awoonahs to sign a treaty of peacewith the Aecras and Addahs. The former had been the allies ofthe Ashantees it/the late war, but. it was now thought desirableto establish cordial relations between all the tribes of the Coast.A meeting having taken place between the hostile ~3arties i~or this?urpose, the interpreter, standing forth, delivered the Adminis-tratofs message to the Awoonaks, and ~d, "You have not nowthe Ashantees to protect you, and we want you to be ou~ allies.If such does nut please you, there is no need to conceal the factthat we think it necessary for us to take au active part in pro-tecting our interests, and showing we intend to maintain ourrights and enforce our power. Do you doubt there are Ashanteespresent ? for I will call them, and you will hear what they have.... " Then theretu o=~. stood in the open space an Ashanteemessenger, bearing his emblematio two-handed sword, Who toldthe Awoonahs his people were at peace with the English, and to

ARer some trouble fetish was eatenbe their friends for ever. " ’ "by those who had lately been foes, and a binding peace waseffected between them.

REVOLT LN ASHANTI.C~z Co~s~ CAsrn~, July 19.

On the 10th inst. a me.~senger arrived from the King of Ashantito the Administrator, to inform him that the Kings of Jusbinand Becqueh were in revolt, and refused to attend Calcalli’srnmmons to view his return to the capital, and, further, that theythreatened to attack him if he attempted to use force. The Kingof Ashanti therefore sent down to the Administrator, asking forhis interference, as peaoo was what he wanted, and this attack, ifc~ed cut, would possibly introduce a lengthy war, and effec-tually destroy trade. It was further rumoured, and with sometruth, that the Protectorate Chiefs of Akim and Denkera hadeaten fetish with the revolted kings to assist them in the struggle,thu~ producing a most complicated state of affairs. The Adminls=trator questioned the ambassadors who are staying here, and#after a good deal of fencing on their part, drew from them thatwhich led him to think the King of Ashanti had been endeavour.ing to put some prepare on 5uabin and Be~lueh, thus bringingabout the present crisis. The Administrator at once cent CaptainLees to Kumasi, to act as peacemaker between the two tribes,and so prevent the threatened outbreak.

ASItAHTEE MESSRNOERS.Gold Coast, July 19.

The latest news here is that on Friday messengers from theKing of Ashanti arrived, and finding that the Administratorhad gone to Elmiua, repaired at once to that place. Afterreceiving their message, the Administrator returned at once toCape Co,st. The purport of the message was that the Jusbins,who were formerly Ashsntees. bat claimed protection under theEnglish Government when Sir goh~ Olover invaded their terri.tory, had taken up arms against him, instigated by the Akim~,and that the people of Becqne, also instigated by the Denkera.~,had done the same. He sent to the Governor to inform himthat did he not intervene, there would be bloMshod. Captain Leeshas been sent up to inform them that it wan the pleasure of theBritish Oo~’ernment that they should lay down their arms. Oneby one the tributary kings of Ashanti are d¢olaring their indc-

Ave. Sg, 1874.] THE AFRICAN TIMES. 15pendenc% and we are told that the Queen.mother is in a m~t - neighbours to mind theirs, there is no reason why ha aud h~pitiable and dejected state.There is at pr~ent s good deal of work for the Administrator subjects should not prosper.--Daily .N’tws, August 13.

to go through ; the Colonial Secretaryship is acting; no Inspector.General of Police, and no Chief Msg~tmte.

Cape Coast, July 29.The only thing of importance here is that, if reports be tru e,the kingdom of Ashanti is now almost a thing of the past. Inaddition to Adansi and Juabin, who had already given allegiance

----to-thw-British Government, Kokofo, Beeqveh, and Mampon haveclaimed their independence, and it is affirmed that the combinedkings, with Jnabin at their head, have attacked the King ofAshanti and routed his forces. As Captain Lees is stir inAshanti, and no report has been received from him, we cannotvouch for the truth of this report. We shall soon, no doubt, havedepondahh news.

WEST AFRICAN NEWS.Cape Coast Castle, July 19.

There is a serious as well as a comic aids to the intell/geneejust received from Cape Coast Castle to the effect that KingKoffea Calcalli has sent to beg our aid against the Kings ofouabin and Becque, who are ia open revolt against the Ashantiruler. It is a ludicrous comment on the style in which theblack potentate set our power at defiance and boasted he wouldd.rive all the whites into the sea, that he should now be reducedto a~k our protection from two minor chiefs whom not~ long sincehe could have crushed and figuratively eaten up. Nor is theexcuse his ~ajesty offexa less notable. He declares that hewants peace, and that this attack might lead to a lengthy war,which would effectually destroy trade. It is satisfactory to findthe ruler of Kumasi now so penetrated with the commercialspirit es to prefer trai~cking to fighting, and, perhaps, we mustnot too curiously inquire what share the Snider rifle had in hisconversion; but as his Majesty is not particular to a shade inhis facts, we may reasonably suspect that other con~derstionsthan those of trade merely have influenced him. Such appearsto have been the opinion of our Administrator at Cape CoastCaste, and he, on further questioning the envoys, obtainedevidenoo which made him think that the astute Koffee hodkept something back; that he had really been putting somapressure on the two recalcitrant chiefs, and had thus producedthe crisis. What the nature of this pressure is we are not told ;but probably we may assume that King Koffse, faithful to hisold sanguinary instincts, would rather like a war which wouldgive him th~ chance of "fresh phnder, more victims for theshambles, and perbapa additional territory. This is the seriousaspect of the news. If, as the despatch hints, the state of affairsis most complicated, anal Koffee has his very black finger deepestof all in the pie, them may be a good deal of embarrassmentm stem for us. We cannot recede from our position there, andwe must insist on routes being open for trade, and on the dis-couragement of the slave traftto. But if the chiefs take tofighting, and the Kumasi monarch alleges that his enemies pre-vent him from fulfilling his engagements, we may have to take apart forcibly either in Ms favour or against him, and frequentintervention does notoffer a pleasant prospect. It is unncoec.sary,however, to anticipate trouble¯ After all, these treacherous andferocious savages have acquired a knowledge of our might, and ifCsptaln lees, who ban gone to Kumasi in the eapoci.ty of peeco-maker, uses sufficiently firm language, he may convmce the dis-putanta that it is not the interest of any one of them to quarrelwith a Power which is gre~ter than all thxee combined.~Te~-sraplb August 13.King Koffee Calcalli is in trouble. His vassals wilt not obey

him, and refu~ to attend him when summone~¯ The Kings ofJuabin and Beequa had been required by him to go and see him

TKE MISSION TO KUMASI.(From the Time, of August 13.)

¯ In order to understand the revolution which is now occurringm Ashanti and the purpose of Captain Lee’s mission to Kumasi,it will be necessary to consider for a moment the real nature ofthe kingdom which is or was governed by Calcaili, and if wetrace it to its orlgio we fiud that about 200 years ago theAsbanteea were a small tribe, vassals of Denkere, then a power-ful state, now part of our Protectorate. -The Ashsutees beingill-treatsd, rebelled, gained their independence, and foundedKumasi. They were surrounded by small "Idngdoma--Beeclus,Kokofo, Mampon, Adansi, and Juabin--all of which they con.quoted; but these states still remsdned under their own kings,who paid tribute to the King of Ashanti, contributed soldierswhen he went to war, attended the capital at certain festivals,and were summoned, as occasion arose, to councils, at whicheach chief or king spoke in turn, according to his rank. Thusit will be seen that the Ashanti nation was not homogeneous,but composed of various kingdoms which cherished the traditionof their independent sovereignty, which were held togethermerely by the fear of punishment, and which were prepared atany time to secede from tyranny and taxation should any mis-fortune befall the imperial tribe. Thi~ seceding or separsfiugprocess had already commeuced before our troopa were oat ofAshanti. The Chief of Adansi and his people had been muchoppressed by Aahauti. He resisted the white men, but as soonas Kumasi had been taken and the struggle decided he determinedto throw off his ancient yoke and place him~If in the hands ofthe stronger and also more merciful Power. He met Sir G.Wolseley ia the ruins- of Fomano, his own capital, and theremade arrangements for migrating into the Protectorate. At thesame time a rumour reached the General that the Chief or KingofBecqua de~ired to follow the example of Adansi. Becqua is apowerful state, and its capital which our troops destroyed wasnot much smaller, than Kumasi. Finally, the King of Juabinsent m h~s subm~s~non to:GIover, and afterwards began negotiationswith the King of Eastern Akim, ~ith a view to migration tothat country. It seems that Becqua aud ffuabin have now de-termined to hold their own territory, to cast off their allegiance,and to resist any attempt that Caleslli may make to subduethem. Becqus is supported by Denkera, and ~uabin by Akim.Kumasi and its territory He just between the rebellious states,and it is, to ray the least, doubtful whether Kokofo and Mamponwould asdst the Ashentee% whose kingdom seems now reducedto its first elemente--viz., a small tribe, a city whioh we mayassume is not yet perfectly rebuilt, and a few plantation villages.It is, therefore, not surprising that the King should have sent tothe white men for hdp. He says that he ~ants peace, and thatwar will be bad for trade; but as bis messengers have passedwithout being mol~ted through the Becqua territory, it is quiteevident that these Becquas do not intend to be the aggressors.Thny were once free, they became slaves, and now they wish tobe free again. Eaif a century ago, when Bowdick visitedKumasi, Snahin was an independent Power allied with Ashanti ;and the early treaties with the English are in the joint nsmes ofAsbanti aud Juahin. What morenatural and laudable than thatits chief ~hould desire to regain the Power which Ashanteo craftand crime had taken from his ancestors ? It into be hoped thatCalcalli will be made to under~tand that we do not deploremisfortunes which bin arrogance and exactions have brought uponhimself, and that an attempt to subdue his rebellious vassals~iU meet with no sympathy from the British Government. Advil war in Ashanti would be injurious to trade, but it is notprobeblo that the Ash=tees will make war upon their neigbboars.In the lout run trade will certainly profit by the dissolUtion.of

~turn to hie capita], but they appear to either have given him the kingdom. If Ashanti had retained its ancient lmporls.tto understand, or left him to infer, that they had ~omething betterpower, war would have been the one occupation of that people,to do. They are further said to have intimated that if he at- as it bas been for the last 200 years. They might not havetempted to coerce them they would repd force with for~. All dared to invade the Protectorate, but they had plenty of otherthis has hurt the feelings of King Calealli, and he has sent an hunting grounds. Nor is it probabh Shut’the K~g weald havea~baseadordown to Cape Coast Castle, entreating that the Kingsever made Ashanti a thoroughfare. Behind that.country, !o the9fJuabin and Beo:lUa may be spoken to, as be only wants peacenorth, are tribes rich in gold and cotton, who dedre Xo resca the,:and uninterrupted trade. The British Administrator seems to sea and trade with Europeans. It has always oeeu the percy.orhave known how to interpret these complaints, and satisfied him- [ Ashanti to check this enterprising spirit, and ~ to monopot~eself that his Majesty of Ashanti only wanted to matte u~o of ~ the trade. Kumasi was the n~ l~lu~ ultra both Ior .mose w oBritish influence and authority to red’ut~ the two kinge to that [ came from the north and tho~ who came from the soutlx ; ann socondition from which they were emancipated by the events of great wan the dread of Ashanti among the neighbeufing tribes,the late war. He has, therefore, sent Captain Lees to Kumasi that I found iu 1868, when I contemplated exploration fromin order to a.w.ertain the actual state of affairs. Of course it is the Gold Coast and inspected the ground, it would be impossiblsour duty and interest to maintain between the various into the interior by any route between the Assiul aud thekin and tribes so far as we can do so with the means at bein arrested and ~eat to Kumafi. Thisour dis but we ~ to bolster up tottering thrones.IS nOW broken up, and it is ,re before vet !o theIt is evident that the Ashanti Em ~s corn broken up, Gemana and ot i at the k of Asbantl will heirbut if the King likes to mind his own and leave his way down to the It has been fl’e<

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16 THE AFRICAW TIMES. [AUG. 29, 1874........... " ..... li |hill | 1 r

the Ashantees are the most civilized people in Guinea, but thatis a mistake. They are of the same family as the Panacea, and’are su[erior to them in war merely because they are betterdisciplined and led. There is as little difference in manners andintelligence betweem them as there is in language, appearance,and dress. But I became acquainted some years ago with anative of Buntookoo, capital of Geman, four days’ journey be-hind Asha~ ti. This man, a Moslem by religion, had slipped throughto the C,ast somehow or other, and used to give me, as weplayed draughts together, an account of his country, which isstill a blur& space on the maps. It is just such a country as Iafterwards travelled ih on the banks of the ~Niger. The inhabit-ants are Moslems for the most part, have schools and mosques,wage war ea horseback, grow their own cotton and tobacco,hare rich gold mines, which they work with industry, end livein Iarge walled towns, with w~ekly markets, and governed asm~micipal communities. Compared with such a people, theAshantees are squalling, throat-cutting s~vages, and it is thispeople they have always prevented from coming down to oursettlements to trade. I, therefore, cannot believe that the break-up of Ashanti would be n misfortune; its power was alwaysexercised more for evil than for good; its policy always waswar, its traffic was chiefly in slaves, and the gold mines of thecountry were neglected. Captain Lees, who is probably now at:Kumns~, is of all men on abe Coast the one best adapted for thisdelicate and difficult minion. Formerly iu the 23rd Regiment,he entered the Colonial Service and acted as Colonial Secretaryat L~gos, where he became popular both with the natives andthe merchants. While Sir G. Wclseley was marching onKumasi Cuptaiu Lees was brought up from Lsgos expressly toadminister the Civil Government of the Gold Coast. Under thenew r~(rne instituted by Lord Carnarvon (whn~ scheme meritsthe highest praise) Captain lees was appointed Administrator orLieutenant.Governor of Lages. He hss, therefore, had muchAfrican expe:ience, and has also a natural gift for diplomacy. Ido not doubt that he will succeed in establishing peace if it canbe ejected hy skilfuI arbitration. Ia any case he will bringhack to Governor Strahan s trustworthy account of affairs inAshanti, and this information will not only be interesting tothe public, but also of value to the Government.

SUNDAY FEES TO CUSTO~f HOUSE OFFICERS.zo ~nE znxxox oF zHz xrRicx.-¢ xzxt~e.

Accra, July 23, 1874.Sir,--One of our most objectionable imposts is thag which is

authorized to be levied here from merchants nnd small traders forlanding or shipping goods or produce from or on board the mailsteamers on ~undays, and which is distributed amongst theCustoms clerks end landing waiters as "extra tea" for perform-ing their duty ou that day.The equal proportion in the sum which both large and small mer-

chants and tr-’ders, who may have landed or shipped goods on thatday, are invariably called upon tocontribute towards the paymentof this "extra fee," renders the thing most obnoxious. There isalready ~uch vexation and complaint from every quarter againstthis strange kind of tax, and we have put l~p with the trouble solong that it will now require a stron_~ effort to put a stop to it.We therefore earnestly beg you to c~l the attention of the homeauthorities to the evil, mad help, forgoodness’ sake, to get us outof the trouble.It is not uafrequeutly the case that the mail steamers corre

in on Sundays during their outward or homeward voyage;and the trader who may have a small consignment of goods onboard, or produce on hand ready for shipment, which hecanalways manage to land or ship within an hour’s time, is calledupon on the following Monday to contribute au equal sum withthat to be paid by the leading merchant, whose consignment onboard or produce on hand is larger, and takes a whole day in thelending or shipping. The amotmt to be contributed by eachperson is not fixed, but varies in proportion to the number ofmerchants and traders engaged in landing or shipping. Henceone is called upon to pay 6s. 4d. to-day for haviug been engagedon the previous Sunday in landing his goods or shipping hisproduce ; at the ~me time, a list is shown containing the namesof about a dozen persons besides who have also lauded.goods orchipped produce, all of whom are to be called upon and made "topay the same sum. In case, however, of only a few personshaving landed goods or shipped produce, it is ral~d the nexttime to 10s. ; and if one is so unfortunate as to be the only con-eignee or shipper, no matter how trivial the value of what hemay have landed or shipped, he has to pay the whole of theclerks and landing waiters present 10s. each, the first clerk gettingalways as his share 20s., although it may be only half au hour oran hour that they waited. This, of course, is called "Customsofficers’ extra fee;" but these Customs officers being paid a fixedsalary by Government, are, we think, bound to perform their dutyat anytime without making us pay them in this way for doing

Iso, since it is not our fault that the steamers come hero ca= Sundays.

It might rea~nably be supposed that the authorities eunuiugly-placed this absurd "Customs ofl~cers’ fee" tax upon ourshoulders in order to encourage the~e seemingly flue gentlemenwith red buttons to perform their duty cheerfully and honestly.and nothing else ; but it would have been just and fitting, andevery one would be rather pleased, instead of complaining, hadthey themselves undertook to pay their clerks and lauding waitersin the Customs this 20s. and 10s. each almost every Sunday fordoing their work from the means at their disposal ; but to rainsit in this hook.and.crook manuer from people’s pockets, is a nui-sance which is much felt, and deserves beingthus cried down ; andI humbly gad earnestly beg you to bring this matter forcibly tothe notice of the home authorities, with a view to this absurd andunjust tax being immediately put an end to.

Osz oF ~ae PzorL~.

BRASS AND BONNY MISSIOYS.One of the objects of the hte visit of Bishop Crowther to

Englaud was to arrange for the transfer to the Church MissionarySociety of the Brass and Bonny Missions, the expends of whichhad hitherto been defrayed out of the African ~ative BishopricFund. The Bishop was anxious to occupy two new stations atOpoba, on the Brass River and New Calabar, at the cost of theWest African ~ative Bishopric Fund, as was done in the case ofthe Brass and Bonny Missions, and to open up stations to theeastward of Lagos. The Society has unerringly taken off theBishop’s hands the expen.w of the native agency at the twostations in question, and has encouraged him to enter on newstations. These arrangements have been greatly facilitated by anoble benefaction to the Church Missionary Society’s fuuds. ~r.W. C. Jones, of Warrington, transfers to the Society the sum ofI00,000 dols. iu American Government Bonds as a fund for theemployment of additional native agency in Africa, Palestine,Mauritius, and India. In accordance with Mr. Jones’s wish, theflint use the Society makes of the fund is by undertaking the Brassand Bonny Missions, to enable Bishop Crowther to take up thenew stations of Opobo and New Calabar.

SLAVERY ON THE GOLD COAST.The Committee of the Aborigines’ Protectiou Society recently

called Lord Carnarvnn’s attention tn the Gold Coast corre-rpondenco of the ,Scotsman, which confirmed the statementspreviously made as to the revival of the slave trade with theAshantees. and, in addition, contained evidence of the Compara-tive ease xvith which slavery itself might be abolished. Accord-ing to this correspondent, "the people expect it to be put an endto, and will be astonished if it be allowed to go on." The Com-mittee, while expressing their conviction that his lordship wasas anxious as they were to carry out an anti-slavery pelfey onthe Gold Coast, stated that they were apprehensive not only lesta golden opportunity of doing justice should be lost, but alsothat the reconstltutlon of the local governments might have theeffect of giving new sanctions to slavery. They, therefore,earnestly hoped that his lordship would issue such instructionsas would make slave-trading a criminal offen~o; close the slave-market~ throughout the Protectorate; no longer permit Britishofficials to assist in the reclamation of fugitive slaves ; aud pro-hibit the Judicial Assessor’s Court from recoguizing the relationbetween master and slave. The following reply has been re--ceived: "Downing-street, 4th August, 1874. Sir,--I amdirected by the Earl of Carn~rvou to acknowledge the receipt ofyour letter of the 25th ult., and to state that his lordship has.read with care the extracts from the ~cohr~an newspaper, which~ou enclose, on the state of affairs at the Gold Coast. I am toadd that the Committee of the Aborigines’ Protection Society areonly right in believing that Lord Carnarvon is fully alive to theimportance of the question, and is at this moment giving it hisCareful consideration.--I am, ~., R. H. MinE."

Despatches have just been published’ on the subject of domestioslavery and the intrednction of slaves by A~hanteo traders intothe British Protectorate on tl~e Gold Coast. The first is datedso far back as the beginning of 1866, and is from Mr. Cat’dwellto Governor Blsckall, then recently appointed. In it the Secre-tary for the Colonies notifies the disallowance of the colonialordinance.~ which reoogoized the existence of slavery withiuthe British colony at La~os and the towns of Badagry, Palma,and Leckie; suggests the prescription of a punishment forsubsequent violence of compulsory detention, and gives iustrue-lions to warn the neighbouring chiefs against permitting theirslaves to enter British territory lest they should be liberatedor prevented from returning. The secoad d~pateh was seat bythe Earl of Kimberley, in the be#suing of 1812,, to the Go-vernor of the West African Settlements, and briefly indicates thedi~culty of dealing in a mere Protectorate with people who are

Ave. 29, 1874.] THE

~ot British subjeets~ but at the same time urges that everymeans should be taken to inducethe natives to desist from theirnefarious practices. At the same time it was suggested that theproper course would be to endeavour to come to an understand-lng’with the chiefs of the protected tribes to forbid the slawtrade within their separate diztricta, mad to persuade them toenter into agreement, with the Gold Coast Government to thiseffect, when the Government would be in a position to enforce

¢~l~e~semi-treaty agreements. The ~Earl of Kimberley speoiall~attention to the fact that any slave imported into whatwas strictly British territory must at ones be set free, mad re-quested the West African Governor to forward his ideas as to thabest mode of giving effect to the propositions which he had made.A v:ote st~ ted that no reply was received to this despatch.One journal has expressed surprise that these being the de-

clared intentions of the British {~overnment, so littl6 should havebeen don ~ to put an end to the practice against which they weredirected. We who have had experience with West Coastauthorities, do not feel any such surprise. Imtruetions from~Eogland must be positive and decided. They will have to say,slavery wu~t be got rid of; and that, as regards sale of slaveswithin the Protectorate, the buyer and ~etler should both bepmaished and the slave be set free.

WOOD ~IADE INDESTRUCTIBLE BY FIRE OR ROT.Some experiments of an interesting nature were recently made

at Godstone With the Rev. Dr. ~ones’s patent for renderingwood incombustible. The experiments took place in the groundsof :Mr. Jarvis, at the Priory, where every appliance was at handto render the tests as complete as possible. Dr. Jones renderswood uniLflammable, aud also impervious to dry rot and decay,by subjecting it to a "pickling" processin a solution of tungstatoof sod a and water of the sI~coi~e gravity of 1"2. It should bestated that the tungstata is made by the addition of tungsteta oflime to hydrochloric odd and salt, and it produces in the processas much chloride of lime as will pay all working expenses. Theinvention claims to be superior to all the old methods of preserv-ing wood, as they only render itmora liable tofire. Aainstanccsof the inflammable nature of preserved wood may be mentioned thelanding stage at Liverpool recently burnt down, and Sir ~’osephGabriel’s preserved wood warehouse, which was destroyed hyfire. The tungstate of soda, from experiments that have beenmade publicly and privately during the last three years, is provedto render soft woods, such as white and yello~’ pine, as hard asoak or teak, and it wilt also restore wood to its original conditionof durability that has been affected by dry rot. The visitors onthis occasion were shown" e piece of restored oak taken from theLord Clyde, an irendad that was built ~me years ago of un-seasoned timber, and whiehhed becomesoft and useless. Havingbeen treated with Dr. Jones’s patent, it is now as hard anddurable as ever. The experiments made were three in number,and the tests were undoubtedly very severe. Two smallpyramids of sticks were made, one of i)repared, and the other ofunprepared wood. These were then well saturated with paraffin,and.lgnited. In the 6use of the prepared wood the persian soonburnt it,elf out without commun/eating the flames to the wood,which was only slightly charred. The other heap burnt fiercely,and in half an hour was reduced to eshe~. The next experi-ment was made with two wooden huts, one of which had beenprepared, while the other, built of ordinary Se, oteh fir, had not.A strong fire sufficient to ignite the houses was burnt in each,and the effect was about the same as in the preceding experi-ment. A che~t containing a parchment document had beentreated bythe process, and was thrown into the flames when attheir height and was taken out some time afterwards, charredindeed as to the outside, but practically uninjured in any otherrespect. The inside was quite cool, and the wax seals upon thedocument were intact. Perhaps the most important trial wasthat which took piece with gunpowder. A Government gun-powder keg which had beeu rendered fireproof was used for thisexperiment. A pa~r lmeket, containing about two ounces of gun-powder, was put in the bottom of the keg, and a sheet of browndPaper impregnated with the tungststa was pasted over it, nudtied. Thn keg, which was opeu at the top, w- as turned upsidedo~’n, and surrounded by shavings, which were lighted. A fireof petroleum and shavings was kept burning on the top for abouta quarter of an hour without producing the slightest effect onthe keg. To make the trial still more complete, the keg wasrever~ed again, and lighted shavings were thrown in upon thegunpowder, protected only t a sheet of brown paper. The

end the test admirabl and the solution rejected the firethoroughly that the pa g.

The was then taken out Theins of his Dr.

ge being ud in hull and free from dangerof or shot and t It would also

"’~2

AFRICAN TIMES. 17be a great saving to the nation in preventing the necessity ofcontinually docking and repairing ships. Au extract from someGovernment statistics was read, which stated that the cost of therenewal of telegraph poles was 240,000/. per annum, and this,it was said, would be saved by the use of Dr. Jones’s process.

LIVERPOOL ~ARKETg.Jv,.z 25 to Acons~ 1.

GI~’oza.--160 bsgs African, at 53s. per ewt.Gtra.--14 barrels Mriean Copal, at 6~. per lb.Pxtst K~a.,~xta.----gmall sales nt 14/. 7s. 6d. per tomPxz..~ Ore--There has beca only a moderate demand, and

prices are the turn easier; 425 tons sold; Brass at 36/. 15s.,New Calabar at 36/. to 36/. 5s., Lsgos and Benin at 33/. 15s.,Old Cslabar at 3~/. 15s., Bonny at 32/. 7s. 6d. t) 3~I. 10s., andAccra at 32L 7s. 6d. per tomCorrox.--Falr demand, and prices maintained.Sales of the

week, 71,000 bales; Africa~, 6d. to 6}d.Avovs~ 1 to Arovsr 8.

Gv~__t Gs-~’s.--10 bags, at 24s. per owt.~BO-~W.--23 tons 01d Calsbar, at 8/. 15s, to 9/. per ton.P~,.’~ On~.~There has been mere inquiry, and late rates are

fairly supported; 1,000 tons sold; Irregular, at 29/. to 33/.,Acera at 32/. 7s. 6d., Bouny at 32/. 10s.. Old Calabar at32L 15s., Benin at 33/. 10s., Lagos at 33/. 15s. to 34/.. NewCalabar at 86/., and Brass at 36/. 15s. per ton.Corto.’¢.--Market more firm. Sales of the week, 87,370

bales; African, 5~I. to 6~M.Avavsr 8 to Ar~vsr 15.

Gvrszx GR.L~’S.--10 bags, at 14s. per cwt.I~;nx~-z~-SB~a.--Afriesn, Ball, 30 tons at Is. 4d. per lb.Cx.~’woon.--4 tons, at 36/. to 38/. per ton.PaI~ On’. fn good demand, and 1.200 tons sold ; Irregular at

25/. to a5/., Bonny at 32/. 10s., Old Calabar at 32/. 15s., Beninat 33L 10s. to 33/. 15a.,~New Calabar at 86L, and Niger at36/. 5s. per ton.Cort’o_v.--Good demand. Market firm, and prices a tendency

to advance.Sales of the week, 90,000 bales. African, 5.~d.to 6½d.

Acuvsr 15 to Avev~ 22.F_,z~.-,-z.--l,200 pieces, et 81. 5s. to 9/. 5s. per tou.PXla~ KxRxzi,s.----4,000 bags, at 14/. 10s. to 15/. per ton ; 4

ca~ks at 15/. per ton.Pxi~ O~ has been in fair request, and 600 tous sold;

Irregular at 25l. to 32/., Bonny at 32/. to 32/. 10s, Old Cslsbarat 32/. 15s., Benin at 33/. los. to 33/. 15s., New Calabar at36/., Brass and Niger at 36/. 5s. to 36/. 7s. 6d., and Congo at36/. 15s. per ton.

Co~o.x.--C-rood demand, but freely offered, so that prices havescarcely been maintained. Africa: Lagos, 5~d, to 6{d. Salesof the week, 72,000 bales.

Sxaz A~zmcax Corrox CaoP.--The Mane~lu~r Guard(ancorrespondent telegraphs from New York as follows : The reportof the Agricultural Bureau gives the average coudition cf thecotton crop in the several starer, on August I, as follows:Virginia, 98 per cent.; ~%rth Carolina, 192; South Carolina,97 ; Georgia, 9~ ; Florida, 102 ; Alabama, 90 ; Mi~issippi, 69 ;Louisiana, 83 ; Texas, 105 ; Arkansan, 90; Tenuessee, 83. Thecrop has suffered in seme districts from shedding of bolls andfrom eaterpilhrs, hut the injury thus caused is not extensive orlikely to prove serious. In Tenuessea and Arkansas there hasbeen considerable damage in consequence of drought. From theAtlantic State~, the Mississippi Valley, and Texs~ there comelo,~l complaints of rain and drought, but the report states that,oa the whole, the condition of the crop is very f~voursble.--Tt~/Frnu, Saturday, August 16.

S]cx O~zczas rao~t As~tsSrL~Wo are glad to learn thatthe accounts of Sir John Glover’s beslth having been muchimpaked by the effects of African fever, are exaggerated, andthat the galIant officer may be considered quite weD. Therecannot be any doubt, however, that a good msay officers whoserved in the Ashanti Expedition, and continued in the enjoy-ment of good health while so eugage~l, have since suffer,’] -=¢hfrom the effects of the malarious disease~ they contracted on theWest Coast of Africa. It is one of the most curious and inte-resting facts connected with the medical history of that and othermalarious districts that the symptoms of fever, hepatitis, andother diseases of a congestive type, oc¢~ionaIIy do not manifesttbemselv~ until after the individuals have left the climate;and it still more the of the

themselves at a malariouscontiouo to do so for long afterwards, and sometimes ~u a verydifferent which did originaD~ the climatewhere they mcted,--La~t.

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,.¢L4TU2~DA I~, ~ IZGUST 29, 1874.

RESULTS OF THE WAR.--STATE OF THEASHANTI COU-NTRIES.

THE news from Ashanti proves very strongly how correctour estimate was of the true condition of the countriesformerly composing the Ashanti kingdom. We insistedfrom tl~e very commencement of the late troubles, that ifonce hostilely touched in its capital by the hand of asuperior end civilized power, the whole of its prestigewould be destroyed--the work of disintegration .would atonce commence, and its preservation would be impossible.In the interests of humanity and civilization, independentlyof the security to be thereby insured to the protected terri.tories, we therefore earnestly desired that theoperations of SirGarnet Wolseley should not be limited to the mere drivingof the remnant of the barbarous invading host beyond thePrah, but that he should advance upon, occupy, and, ifuecessar,-, destroy that vile and abominable place, :Kumasi,in whie]~ such countless s~ekening scenes had been enacted.~rom our point of view, one of the gravest Possible errorswould Lave been committed by any patching up of peacewith the King of Ashanti, without having previously in-ttlcted on him that humiliation which we have above men.tioned. It is beyond all doubt that when Sir Garnet"Wolseley was dispatched to Cape Coast, there was in theminds of the British Government a hope and belief that amere demonstration of force by Great Britain would enablea peace to be made, under which the Ashantees should quitthe Protectorate and promise, of course, never again tocome down upon it for slaves and plunder--the greatobjects of Ashanti invasions. Our hope was that theignorance, fatuity, and pride of the Ashanti King and hiscouncillors would prevent this. They did. Sir GarnetWolseley fought his way into Kumasi, while CaptainGlover’s expedition was within a few days’ march of it onanother side. So far our desires had been fulfilled; butbeyond this Point they were not fulfilled. We had calcu-lated that, Kumasi once attained, some two or threeweeks’ occupation would have been made; which wouldhave given to the great tributary Kings of J’uabin,Becqueh, Zlampon, &o., time to realize the full import-ance of the great fact of the downfall of King Koffce’spower, and consequently Of their own deliverance from ayoke that had pressed heavily upon them;and from ex-actions of blood and treasure that enfeebled and ira.Poverished them. Still, notwithstanding Sir Garnet’shasty withdrawal, which had but too much the appearanceof a retreat (and would, perhaps, have been so looked upon,to the great diminution of the benefits otherwise neces.sarily secured by the successful campaign, but for the on-ward march of Glover’s expedition), we never doubtedthatAshantl, as a Power, was effectually destroyed, andthat the various coun’~rles, by the subjectionor adhesion ofwhich it was composed, would set up on their own account;court friendship, alliance, and intercourse with Great:Britain, and endeavour to obtain directly those suppliesfrom the (.~ast, which they had up to that time been com.pehe~ to receive only through Ashanti, in such limitedquantiti~, as suited the peculiar views and Policy of therulers at Kumasi. The Daily Telegraph, in an articlewhich, with others from the Daily ~Yews and from theTime% motived by the news despatched from CapeCoast on the 19th 3uly, we have thought itlmportant toreproduce in our columns, says that "it is satisfactory tofind the ruler of Kumasi now so penetrated with thecommercial spirit as to prefer trafficking to fighting."Now Ashanti, and not only Ashanti, but Juabin, Becqueh,and the other interior countries, were all penetrated whh

THE AFRICAN TIMES. [Auo. 29, 1874.

this spirit; and not one of the least of the objects of thekings of Ashanti, in their tortuous policy, their invasions,treaties, and wars, was to preserve to themselves the mono-poly of that traffic. And it is the threatened loss of this,as well as of power, slaves, and victims for his feasts ofblood, that has moved :King Koffee to solicit the interven.tlon or good offices of the authorities at Cape Coast forbolstering up his power. The news alluded to from CapeCoast, which will be found in another column, states thatthe Kings of Jeabin and :Becqueh, when invited by :KingKoffee to attend his re-entry into what had been hereto-fore Kumasi, not only refused to do so, but threatened torepel force by force should he make any attempt to coercethem. Moreover, it was further rumoured that thesekings, like him of Adansi, had "eaten fetish" (made per-petual friendship) with the Kings of Aklm and Denkera(in the Protectorate); and the :King of Ashanti asksthe :British authority at Cape Coast to interfere, as peaceis what he wants; and a lengthy war between him andhis late tributary subjects and vassals would effectuallydestroy trade. It is further announced that GovernorStrahan has dispatched Captain Lees to :Kumasi, to actas peacemaker, and prevent the threatened outbreak. Thisnew tribute by King :Koffce to the power on the (]oldCoast will, if we are not mistaken, intensify the desire ofthe revolted kings for direct and unrestrained intercoursewith the Protectorate and its sea.coas’¢ ; and equally so theirdetermination, not to submit any longer to theAshanti yoke;but to assume and maintain against A~hanti that independ-ence which they formerly enjoyed, and of which they weredeprived, chiefly because Ashanti prevented their re~ivlngdirect supplies, including means of offence and defence,from the Gold Coast. Although we feel fully convincedthat the time has come for hght to be let into thosecountries around and beyond Ashanti proper, from whichAshanti has hitherto debai-red them ; and consequently thateven if Captain Lees shall not have been sufficiently Pone.trated with the true and just policy of Great :Britain inthis matter, and fail to effect ~vhat this polloy demands,the inevitable course of events will be the letting in of thatlight,~we shall, nevertheless, wait with deep interest forintelligence of the results of his mission. To give anyassistance, direct or indirect, to tlhe reorganization of thepower of Ashanti, would be a most serious blunder, andsuch as we hope and believe that both Captain Strahanand Captain Lees are’equally incapable of committinThe true policy of the Gold Coast at this time is to re-ceive all these klngs--for Mampon:and Kokofo, and others,would follow in this the lead of Adansi, Becqueh, andJuabin--to receive all these kings into separate friendlyalliance with us, and to insist with Ashanti that no ob-stacle shall be thrown, on its part, to their direct trade andintercourse with us. In that way we shaH, in a shorttime, open up the way to a knowledzo of those un-doubtedly great gold-bea’rer% the hithert~mysterious andunexplored Kong ]tlountains; because one of the indis-pensabh cou.ditions of such alliance, must be freedom ofaccess to travellers, explorers and traders, with guaranteedprotection tot their free transit, their lives and properties.In this way the little Ashanti War of 1874 will soon be-come so great in results, that it will surpass in importancemany conflicts in which armies of a hundred times themagnitude have been engaged; and will stand forth tofuture readers of the pages of West African history, as awonderful Providential over-rullng of human actions tomomentous results, far from the thoughts, intentions, andwishes of the actors. The late war has had one result ofwhich it would be difficult to overrate the importance.So much more than heretofore is now known of the GoldCoas. t and its territorial surroundings, through the lengthyand interesting htters of special correspondents, which hada prominent place in our principal daily papers during thepreparations for and progress of the war, that the publlohas begun to take an interest in the affairs of that Portionof our settlements or possessions. Those who know howto ~t.lmate what .the influence of the press really is, willno~ mtt to comprehend how greatly thts may assist in thefurtherance of that Policy of progress in West Africa ofwhich we have been the preachers and strenuous advocates

[

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Auo. 29, 1874.] THE AFRICAN

during long, long years, when our plans and recom.mendatlons seemed to all, with but few exceptions, as themental wanderln~s of one who dreameth. We have, there.tbre, thought it Mghly important to transfer to our columnsthe various articles from the Times, Dauy zYew.~, and DailyTelegraph, above alluded to. Our dreams are in processof fulfilment. And before closing this article we feel it tobe our duty to insist anew, with :Earl Carnarvon andCaptain Strahsn, on the incalculable, importance of per.

~a~6ng that highway from the Coast to Prahsue (and asbeyond as may be practicable through arrangements

with Adansi, Becqueh, A~henfi, and Juabin) wh~eh wehave been c]amourlng for persistently for the last fifteenyears ; notwithstanding all the assertion of impracticabilityen the part of Governors, Governors-in-Chief, and othersupposed better authorities. We do not hear of any worksbeing in progress on that road to Prahsue since peace wasmade, and our forces withdrawn from Ashanti; and wehave, therefore, but too much reason to fear that thehastily constructed road, will have suffered much dilapi.darien during the present wet season. It must be made,section by settle_u, a solid military highway.

A LITTLE WAR IN PORTO NOVO."WE are sorry to learn, by latest intelligence from Lagos,not only that there is a domestic war at Porto None be-tween two sets of Princes there, bug that the Egbas havebeen so ill advised as to side with one of th~ partiesagainst the other, and send an armed expedition to :Porto:None in aid of one of the contending parties. This, ourLagea correspondent adds, has necessarily interfered alittle with the trade of Lagos westward; while the re-opening of the Jebu Portion of the E~stward trade hasnot yet been productive of much benefit, in consequence ofthepalm fruit having been allowed to rot on the trees duringthe long-continued suspension of trade with Lagos. Thislittle incident shows anew how difficult it is to coerce thesenative kings to tradewith us, through any desire on thepartof their people to obtain those :European goods whlchtheywillingly work for and willingly purchase while tradewith Lagos is pursuing its ordinary course ; and how in-despensable it is to the trading prosperity of Lagos thatthere should be a man of prudence, conciliatory as well asfirm, at the head ofLagos affaire. W’e regret theabsenceof Captain Lees from his Government under these eircum-stances. The produce of all those countries around Lagosis necessary to its trading prosperity; and had CaptainLees been there, we should certainly have expected him tomake some endeavour to mediate between the contendingparties. W’e do not know that the acting head of the:Executive at Lages has not done this; but we do not findany mention of it in our letters. We hope the omissionhas been on the part of our correspondents, and not onthat of the Acting Lieutenant-Governor.

PRISONERS IN THE DEBTORS’ GAOL OFSIERRA LEONE.

IT is no easy matter to put an end to What may be calledau established injustice. ~fen otherwise good and humanelook upon it, by the force of habit, with a neglectful indif-ference, really sinful--since they will not give themselvesthe least trouble to do for others," what they would, underlike circumstances, desire that others should do for them.Things seem to remain in the gaol at Sierra Leone proelsely as they were when we brought the condition of thedebt prisoners there under public notice, and directed toit the attention of Her ]ilajesty s Principal Secretary ofState for the Colonies, some months ago. Again theharrowing cry of anguish and despair reaches us in theletter which we publish iu another column. We knownothing of t he individual in question, or of the Circumstancesconnected with the indebtedness for which he is suffer-ivg ; but this we do know, that if the statement made inthe simple words of the letter, that the writer has beenconfined in gaol for sixteen raonth% and that he has again(showing a previous application) filed his sehtdule,but tha~ no rwtice is take, of it--if this statement, we say,be true (and it will have been a gross act of folly for a

TIMES. 19

man to write us a lie ou the subject), then there is a some-thingin the administration of the law in Sierra Leone,which d.emsnds the instant attention of. D.ownin.g-st ,r~t

colony’l If a fact. it is an atrociously dis raceful oneSierra I.d.,no has a’bench of two Judges’, ~ving a jointsalary of some 3,000l. a-year, to administer justice in apopulation of some forty’thousaud people ; and here fit adebted prisoner of sLxteen months, filing anew his schedule,and crvlng to us that all his-cemr~uniestlons to theauthorlties regarding it am unheeded. If this man hascommitted fraud which justly deserves punishment, whywas he no~ punished for it; not by detention withoutjudgment, but by sentence of the Court. If he had notcommitted fraud, his case ought to have been inquiredinto, without any unnecessary delay, so soo~ as he had filedhis schedule; and the neee~ry fo~alities being compliedwith, he should have had his discharge. For what arensolveuoy laws but for this,---to prevent the deteutiou iu)risen of a mere debtor who has surrendered all hepossessed to his creditors ? If such a state of things asthis now complained of exists in Sierra Leoue-:-if the localinfluence of-wealthy creditors can thus prevail thereagainst a man~ in defiance of the law to which he is allowedto appeal in vain,---can it be matter of surprise that weshould have insisted so strongly as we have done a~instthe appointment of a local Chief Justice for the GoldCoast Colony? We take this opportunity to renew ourprotest against such an appointr~ent; although we fear,since the removal of Mr. Chalmers from Sierra Leone tobe Queen’s Advocate for the ~old Ccast Colony, that ourprotest will not at this time prevail. But to return to thesubject of this complaint from the Debtors’ Gad of SierraLeone, and the gross injustice which we have now noalternative but to belleve is iudleially committed or per-mitted there. Does not this’case speak volumes againstthe longer continuance of imprisonment for debt in thecolonies and settlements of Vi~c~. Africa ? The more factscrowd upon us, the more are we strengthened in ourformer unchangeable conviction, that imprisonment fordebt, a~ deM, is-deserving the execration of every Christ/at,man, is an outrage on humanity, as well as a great socialmistake. We p-ray the Secretary ef State for the Coloniesthat the case of this prisoner of sixteen months (who hasmore than once filed his schedule) in the Debtors’ Gaol ofSierra Leone, and the case of the ether debt prisonersthere, may be immediately inquired into. If the complaintsmade to us, and on which we have now been commenting,are well-founded, we feel compelled thrther to say, thatwe cannot exonerate the Governor of Sierra Leone fromall blame. With so limited a community as that of SierraLeone under his charge, there ought not to be a case ofinjustice within the colony, resulting from mal.adminis-tratlon of the law, not known of by him; and which,being thus known of by him, could remain withouteffectual inquiry on his part. We fear, alas ! that there isa loud cry of injustice committed, going up but too fre-quently to Heaven from our West African Settlements.

SLAVERY ON THE GOLD COAST.SLAVSaY must be put an end to on the Gold Coast. Itstops the way of civilization and progress. It is an in-stitution which, as applied there, reeks with immorality ;and is antagonistic in every way to the precepts of thatChristianity, which cau alone regenerate those debased anddegraded lands. There is too much softness of speechin influential quarters in Great Britain when treating ofthis abomination. Speak of its abolition, and all sorts ofdifficulties are suggested--dit~cultie% many of them de-duced from palliatives adepted in dealing with that whichformerly existed in our West India Islands, when the timehad come for its destruction; or from complaints of viola-tion of proI~rly rights, and inflictions of individual iu-convenience and loss, which resulted from and attendedthe extinction of slave service there. But even supposingany of those difficulties to be real, we should c~ntend that

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they are of such small and transitory importance, whencompared with the results to be obtained by the measureout of which they would arise, that they must not be al-lowed to stand in the way of the performance of a dutywhich is imperative on Great Britain, as marching foremo./tin the van of the Christian clvilization of the nineteenthcentur~r. :But few of any of them do apply. The com-Ponsahon which was demanded sad accorded to the WestIndia planters, was justly demanded and justly given,became slavery in the West Indies was an institutionwhich had grown up under the direct guardianship andintervention of the State for Imperial obiects. The sugarand coffee plantatlonsof the West Indies were thought tobe indispensable to Great Britain; these could not beworked without sieve labour, because there was no nativepopulation to cultivate them; and therefore, under’ theprotection of the State, a real slave property was con-stltuted,’the interest or benefits of which property was de-rived from the sales of produce obtained by the labour ofthe~lave~.. The State, in granting compensatlon~ did .netset a value upon, or pay the late owner for the loss of, in-morel services and enjo~’ments, of which he might or wouldbe deprived by the emancipation of his slaves ; hut onlyfor the supposed loss of the property value of slave labour,which Was most easily estimated by attributing a moneyvalue to each of the emancipated labourers. ~ow in thisessential respect there is no analogy whatever between theslavery that was abolished in the West India Coloniesand that of which we demand the prompt extinction onthe Gold Coast. Slavery there is not au institution thathas grown up under the supervision and protection of theState. All that the State has done with it there has been,through judicial interference, to mitigate the evil byrestraining the power of the master over the lives of hisslaves, and preventing the infliction of cruelty wheneversuch could be proved against the master before its tribunals.It did not interfere further with it beyond this restreint,because it avoided the taking upon itself the full responsi-bilities of @overnment. But we may safely venture tostate that there were no possessors of slaves within thelimits of the British Protectorate who were deceived, bythis extremely limited interference, into the belief thatslavery there was viewed with any degree of favour by thepi’otectivg State ; or that this St~ite was in any way pledgedthereby to sanction its continuance one moment after thetermination, whenever this might arrive, of that indecisionwhich had so restrained and limited its action. Allknew that, both in principle and in actual practice, GreatBritain was opposed to the existence of slavery in anyand "ever~ shape and form, and pledged to its extinctionwherever its Power might extend. It has been guilty,there can be no doubt, of a gross dereliction of duty in

thepermitting or recognizing transfer or sale of slavesanywhere within the Protectorate; and of a still moregross and in explicable one, in permitting a foreign slavetrade to be carried on by the Ashantees selling their kid-napped victims under the walls of Cape Coast Castle, theseat of its local power. Still, we contend that there wasno misconceptiou by the Pantee purchasers of the prin-ciples and feeling~ of Great Britain in the matter. Thelocalpower cho.e to shut its eyes; and the~ bought theslaves. In like manner, when the local Power chooses toopen ita eyes to what has taken place, they maybe called upon to emancipate them. For there is,as we have before stated, no analogy whateverbetween the slavery destroyed, with compensation, in the"West Indies and that existing on the Gold Coast; notonly because of the absence of creative supervislim andprotection in the latter case, but because, also, there are nosuc~"L~dustrial results derived from Gold Coast slavery aswere derived from that in the West indies. The moneyvalue of the Protectorate slaves, estimated by thisstandard of the pecuniary value of the labour of theslaves in plantation work and transport, over and abovethe cost of their subsistence and other remuneration, mustbe very small indeed~so small that it would be easilycompensated for by giving to the present owner a landtitle to the oil or Other plantations from which that pecu-niary value has been drawn. When, therefore, we hear

tell by Cabinet Ministers and their Secretaries, of the veD-large sum that would be requir~ in effectlng an imme-diate compulsory emancipation of slaves within the Pro.rectorate, we with difficulty refrain from the favourltoejaeulatlon of Mr. Burehell, in Goldsmith’s admirable¯ $$"Vicar of Wakefield. There is, indeed, an immenseamo.unt of ’" fudge" in it. As the slaves have no suehindustrial value as is thus attributed to them, no suchamount for compensation could in any case be required.But although we demand that this Gold Coast slaveryshould be immediately and effectually dealt with, we arenot of those who advocate the having recourse to a violenttermination, that might bring many serious evils in it~train. There are many methods of dealing with thisslavery for its prompt extinction, which would soon be aseffective for entire abolition as would be the violent one offorcible general emancipation; and this, without riskingthe attendant evils which seem to us to be inseparable fromthe latter. In the first place, we would accord a freeemancipation, without payment, to every slave applyingto the constituted authorities for it. l~o fugitive slaveshould ever again be compelled to return to his or her latepossessor from whose service and control he or she haswithdrawn. No sale or transfer of slaves should in anyway be permitted or recognized. In the case of death of apossessor, none of the slaves held by him or her shoulddescend to the heir, or be allowed to be bequeathed, butshould, by that death, become absolutely free. And herewe do not think it out of the way to inquire what hasbeen done, or is to be done, with the female slaves pos-sessed by the late Mrs. Swanzy, of C~pe Coast, whoseemployments, if many years’ reports have been at all true,illustrated very strongly the ineradicable evils inherent "inan institution which gives over human beings, body andsoul, to the will of a Possessor. Have these slaves beenemancipated ? or, if not, what has been done, or is to bedone, with them ? They are, 0r were, under the eye of theLocal Government at its chief seat of authority, aud theycannot affect an ignorance which might be pleaded as re-gards similar pro2erfy in remote parts of the Protectorate.Matters of this kind must be dealt with at once, and in away that shall remove from Great Britain the heavy re-preach which has been cast upon her, and not withoutreason, in this matter of Gold Coast slavery and slavetraffic. She has not spent a large sum of money and thelives of many of her children, in delivering the Protec-torate once and for ever from desolating Ashanti invasion,with its long train of horrors, in order that the disgust-ingly immoral and debasing system of domestio slaveryshould be safely perpetuated ; and men who would not fightto deliver their country from its brutal enemies, beguaranteed in the undisturbed possession of hosts of poordegraded female ministers to their laziness and theirlicentious passions. Nor can there be ~ more absurd.mistake than to imagine there can be any peril in doingthis in the manner above suggested, and "by other similarmeans. The Africans, as a race, believe in and worshippower ; and they do not at present believe in or worshipanything but pov~er. If they will yield to it, grovelbefore it, worship it, while it is working every ima_~inabledescription of’ cruelty and horror among themfthey will notthe less worship it when it is firmly and consistentlyemployed in forcing them into those paths, in which ageneral happiness and a rich industrial development maybe found. The introductory work of civilization will haveto be done sooner or later ; let it, therefore, be done now---and done effectively.

Dow.~nx’o-srRzer, 3"uly 31.~The Queen has been pleased tocause Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal of theUnited Kingdom, constituting the settlements on the Gold Coastand of L~goa into a separate colony, to be called the Gold Co,stColony, and prodding for the Government thereof, lq’erMajesty has also been pleased to appoint Captain George CumineStrahan, B.A., to be Governor and Commander.in.Chief of theGold Coast Colony. Her Majesty has further beta pleasedto appomt Charles Cameron Lee~ ,

¯* ., E.q., to be Administrator of

the Government of the Settlement of Lagos.~.D~,m/0~ Gas:tt~,July 31.

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AUG.’ 29, 1874,]

IIIPERIAL PARLIAMENT.HOUSE OF COMMONS.--Tm~SDAY, ffwv 30, 1874.

Tar. CASE oP ~m~L w1~.~or,Mr. ttxzrc~srLx asked the First Lord of the Admiralty

whether, having regard to the acquittal of Ad miral Randolph onthe grounding of the Niobe and Narcissus, the Lords of theAdmiralty would reconsider the ca~ of Admiral Eardley Wilmot,who, iu 1871, was dismis.~:l without such inquiry; andwhether the claims of Admiral Wilmot, after forty-five years’eervice, to rcappeintment to his command would be recognized.Mr. WARD Hc.xr stated, in reply, that the forty-five years’

good aud faithful service of Admiral Wilmot were fully re~g-nized at the Admiralty, and he should be glad if he could re-appoint him, but unfortunately, if such an appointment weremade, he would have to retire in the course of age next spring¯Sir gxR~r.r~ WItxor pointed out that his brother during his

forty-five years’ service had commanded the African squadron,had taken part in the war in China, and in the Crimean war,and had served his country in all parts of the world. He did notexonerate him from all blame when, second in command of theChannel Yleet, the Agincourt struck on the Pearl Rock andreceived slight damage, but at the time, and even now, it wasnot supposed that an admiral had any share in the navigation ofthe ship. Admiral Wilmot and Admiral Wellesley were dis-missed without an inquiry, though an inquiry was afterwardsheld into the conduct of the subordinate officers of the ship.A question of order arising, the hen. member said he did not

think justice had been dose, and he must appeal from theGovernment to the publi% whom his brother had served¯

PAYKE.N][ OF "u’RDICAI~ OF’E’LC~R80.N" THE GOZD COAST,

Mr. HA.re)v, in reply to Colonel Learmonth, ~id it wascorrect that the medical off]corn engaged on the Gold Coast re--ceived three shillings per day extra. With regard to the pay-ment of officers in theNavy, he had received no information.

Avocet ~.PRIZE MO.’~¥ i~ ZHX ASHANti WAR.

Mr. If~a~, replying to Admiral Sir W. Edmonstone, statedthat there was a certain amount of prize money arising out ofthe Ashanti War, and also ~ome indemnity paid by the King;but instead of these funds being divided among the forcesengaged, it had been determined to give them thirty days’ pay.Oh a motion of Mr. Alderman ~’A~rava, relative to the

desired ann exation of the Fiji Islands,"~fr. J. l.~w’rHml, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for

the Colonies, hopedthat the hen. member for Lambeth wouldnot persevere with his motion, and likewise that the hen. baronetthe member for Chelsea would withdraw his amendment. Theresponsibility of annexing the Fiji Islands rested with HerMajegy’e Government, and no portion of it must be laid on the~houlders of the House of Commons. The right hen. memberfor Greenwich had said that domestio slavery prevailed in the:Fill Islands, but he could nowhere in the report find any allusionto personal servitude. The condition of the people as regardedtheir obligations to the chief seemed morn to resemble our ownlocal taxation with payment in kind. (A laugb.) However,underno circum.tances,~ would Government accept the sovereigntyof the Fiji Islands if personal slavery were allowed to exist.(Hear, hear.) Sir H. Robinson had been sent to make a personalexamination into the whole question, but without waiting forhis report~ the ~ecretary of State had made up his mind that, inthe event of certain difficulties beirg overcome, the annexationof the islsnda should be effected. That annexation must beunconditional, and in the event of its being ratified the islandswould be formecl into a Crown dolony. He had nothing to objectto in the warnings they had received to proceed with caution ;but when he was asked whether the annexation Would be pro-ceeded with without further reference to Parliament, he mustsay candidly that st present no definite resolution had beenarrived at, but that if annexation should be thought desirable, itwould be affected solely on the responsibility of Government.

Acevs’r 6.Sir E. WAterer ro~ to move that an humble address be pro-

seated to Her Majesty, praying that she will be graciously pleasedto confer a clasp as well as a medal on tho~ officers and men inHer ~Ia’est~ y’s service who took part in engagements with theAshantees ~uth of the River Yrab, after the late war broke out,

THE AFRICAN TIMR~ 21EAST AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE.

Despatches from Captain Pridesux, relating to Captain EIton’sexpedition on the East Co~t of Africa, south of Zanzibar. havebeen issued from the Foreign Office. Captain Elton’s first batchof letters,, dated February 10-28, relate, to his visit to the8amanga district, and here he liberated 1,3’26 slaves, with theoption of remaining with their former masters or gaining an in-dependent livelihood by their own exertions. Regardieg thisdistrict, he says that slave-holding and dealing iu slaves are ~owso completely upset and pronounced to be illegal, end so severelydo such transactions expose the Indian to direct pecuni-~ry lossthrough repudiation on the part of those he may be doing bud-ne~ with, that a total abandonment of all commerce with thetraffic must result if the present vigilance is maiutsdoed ; for insuch case the one tie between the Arab and Swahili and theIndians being severed, the latter in sheer defence is com-pelled to look for justice and protection to the British power.As formerly carried on, the Indian connection with the slavetraffic was mainly represented by three elan.sea of traders~viz. :1. The Custom House offieials, who received the duties onslaves, and were often willing partners in large ventures. 2.The well-to-do merchants, who edranced guns, cloth, beads,and money to Arabs and Waswahili, and also to thethird class. 3. The smaller Khojah and Bxttiah speculators,who traded in slaves in the immediate neighb~urhood,and supplied goods to ~rima kidnappers and other riff-raff of the Coast at an enormous rate of interest. 0fthesecla.~ses, the first is out of work, as no duty is paid onslaves, either to the Custom House, the Sultan, or the localauthorities; and the wealthier Battiahs are now too fearful ofdetection to engage in such dangerous work as supporting thedealers. The second has suspended operations of late; but thethird, tempted by high and immediate profits, continues opera-tions on a reduced scale. Aa a specimeu of the trade carriedon by the third class, Captain Elton describes the case of aBattiah, who, during his temporary ab~nce, had four slavesbrought into Kilwa by a party of his own men (freed only a fewdays previously), and deliberately sold the whole four to a caravanleaving for Pangani. " ]:[is d efence," says Captain Etton, " wasthat he gave his men cloth to trade for ivory only, aed that,instead of obeying orders, they bought slaves, whom they soldto repay him for the loss of bin goods. This defence was s£mplyridiculous. Ivory is not to be so readily purchased just beyondthe town, and, moreover, the Battiah accompanied his men tothe house of the public auctioneer, quarrelled over the priceoffered there, and subseq,entl.y sold directly to the leader ofthe gang, leaving the nex~ mormng, for a higher sum. Unfortu-nately it was too late to recover the stave~, but I inflicted a finnof 400 dollars, trying the case with assesson, one of whom wasa prominent man of the offenders’ own religious sect." Severalother instances of contraband slave-trading and prompt dealingwith the offeac~ are mentioned by Captain Elton. Vice.CousulElton’s last letter, dated from Zanzibar, Aprit 4, is as follows :~"I have now the honour to report the successful termination

of the work entrusted to me by Dr. Kirk in his letter of the 2lstof November, 1873, in connection with the treaty of June l~t,and slave-holding by Iudiaus. From Dar-es-Salem the caravanroute was followed, rid Kisiju and the Kwale settlements, toKilwa KiviMa, and the nepal fields, and the Rufigi river (struckat the Fcrcls of Mpenbeno), reported on. All the Muogaotrading stationson the coast were next inspected in HerMsjesty’sship Daphne, as far south as Mkindani Bay, the Rovama settle-meat being daserted in consequence of local disturbances. Amonth was occupied in Kilwa and its vicinity, and subsequently ¯Konduchi and the towns on the Mrima oppo.dte to Z~nzibar werevisited. The annexed ret urn will show the practical results:~1,409 slaves have been registered and freed ; 499 of whom hayscommenced life anew; 920 remained with former masters, andI beliers a very heavy blow has been struck at the dave trade.Some few c.~es of concealment have necessarily escaped defoe-don, but the scandal of slave-holding by British subject* on the300 miles of. sea-board travelled over may be con.,idered vir-tually at an end, although it caunot be disguised that occadonalinspection aud prompt punishment in case’~ of offence against thelaw will be necessary to prevent molters gradually slidioo backinto the old groove. Active support and money-/endiog for the nut-

and before the arrival of the European troop~, especially at Posea andendaofthetraffioby thebettercl~ssofKho~ahandBattiah~Elmina~ Essaman, Abrakramps, and Dunquah, and who therebymerchant has beyond doubt ceased; ~either, do I think, will it-materially caused the retreat of the enemy from the Protectorateberenewed. The pains and penalties attached to complicity withinto his own country; and to call attention to the decoration of the trade are known to all, and the Indian will hesitate’beforethe ¥ietoria Cross. The heft. and gallant member was proceed-placing himself in tha power of the Arab and Swahili. who caning to state his rea~-ona for making such a motion, when at any moment repudiate his debts and procure his creditorsAn Member the Hou~ be , an.-l therepumsnme One of the results ofthepolicy adopted has been to

not bei~ 40 members present, the Hou.~ ourned at throwthaIudian yuaderourprotectioa;

minutes ’ link he ;ore being broken, a strong7. e~ for consular su ,erintendeuco of the

was day prorogued, of the ir ustico by the

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ofl~ciais. As shown by my.prev/ous report~, slaves cont[nue tobe marched up from Kflwd, almost daily and by hundreds, overthe Kisuju-road, North, destined for Zanzibar, Pembs, Lsmu, andBrays. Smuggling is rife lxomall the Mrimabetween 3Iboamajiand Waseen, and preparations, it is said, are made on a largescale to run, with the change of monsoon, to Arabia and thePersian Gulf. The transport by sea has, in fact, been replacedby the inland route. The removal of aU Customs duties is anadvantage to the dealer. Pormerly he had to pay 2 dols. 50c,to the SuItan’s dues on each slave, besides chartering a ves~el ata heavy rate, for which freight was paid in advance, and in orderto get clear of Kilwa, was compelled to borrow money st aruinous rate. He was invariably in debt in former days ; nowho finds himself working on his own eapttal. After the treaty,he at once repudiated his accounts with the Indian merchant,end as an experiment marched his slaves to the north, where hesold them at a largo profit, returned by sea to Kilwa, and wasable to take advantage of the immense rise in prices owing tothe demand for labour in Pemba. ’As a result, the slave-traderwho a. year ,,go was heavily in debt and trammelled in everyway, is now a capitalist, and able to pay cash for the goodsxequired to equip his next large venture towards the Nyasss orthe country at the back of the Upper Rufigi. He no longer asksfor credit, end it is not lhe merchant’s business to inquirewhether his ready-money customer is engaged in the traffic. AtBrays end Lamu slaves are in large demand, and Pemba is still-un~tisfied ; neither will Arabia end ths Persian Gulf be con-tented to forego their usual supplies. Hence it is podtive every.encouragement is given to reckless smuggling. Should venturesfrom these ports succeed, a large access of capitol will be theresult ; but even if they fail, suffeient capital is in hand fromthe immense profits of the past year to carry on the trade in¯ 1874-75. I trust that satisfaction may be felt at the manner inwhich my mission has been accomplished. At times it was up-hill work, labouring against repeated attacks of coast fever,

~ed had it not been for the hearty co-operation of Captain Foot,r :Majesty’s ship Daphne, and Mr. IL Whsiley, whovolunteered

to assist me, I hardly think I should have been able to carry outmy instructions in ~eir integrity. To Sub-Lieutenant Pullen,R.N., who accompanied me on my land journey, great credit isdue¯ Until completely prostrated by illness, he continued toobserve and take notes for the map of the mute, and renderedme every aid with the oxpedition."--.Dafll/2Vows, August 17.

GOLD FOR ALL TIME.The past month has been the most remarkable one that has

occurred in the history of the gold industry in this colony forsome years. The extensive improvements which have takenplace in the quartz mines at Sandhurst, and the many new dis-ooveries that have been made in that district during the last twoyears, have caused attention to be gradually drawn to the msg-¯ nificent prospects offered for the investment of capital to workthe mines there, and the steady returns which were constantlyreceived from many of the standard quartz-reefs, combined withthe unequivocal success that has latterly attended the companies-on the Garden Gully line of reef, caused a gradually increasingexcitement to invest in Sandhurst shares, which excitement wasincreased to a speculative mania of share.deallng during theearlier portions of the past month, by the splendid yields re-turned by the Golden Fleece mine, on the Stafford line of reef.The reef in the Golden Fleece Company’s claim is consideredone of the best defined of any in the district, being fifteen feetwide in some parts, and yielding as much as three ounces to theton. Adjoining it, and on the same line of reef, was the Richard

¯Heales Company and other tlaims, which were expected to cutthe same rich reef as was found to be so well defined in theclaim of the Golden Eleece Company. It would appear from thediecoveries of new auriferous ground which are made from timeto time in ¥/ctoria that nearly the whole colony is auriferous,and that gold will be extracted from it f~r all timJ to corns.Only recently a payable gold field was found st Stockyard Creek,near Port Albert, in the most ~uth-eastern portion of the colony,far from the region of what bed hitherto been termed goldoountry, and now reports come to hand of the discovery of goodquartz reefs in the south-western portion of Victoria, st somedistance beyond the existing ~Yestern gold-fields. The legalityof the.new field is in the vicinity of the Grampian and Victorianranges, about forty-eight relies west of Ararat and forty-dxmiles north of Hamilton. Some stone which was etruck withinthree feet of the surface has been analysed, and found to containgold at the rate of an ounc~ to the ton. What is considered tobe the main reef has been struck at a depth of eight feet sincethe leader was found, and it is said to be much richer than thestone tHcd from the leader. There has been quits a rush to thescene of tMs new discovery. At Ballarat, which must still beconsidered the metropolitan gold field, mining continues to bepursued in the most steady manner, and judging from the

[A.uo. 29, 1874.

returns, very satisfactorily. Tbs total yields from the abovedistrict are well kept up, and they have not as yet been equalledby Sandhurst or any other division of the colony. The mostcertain record of the yield of gold in the colony is the Customsreturn of the amount exported. The returns which have beenpublished this year show that there has been ever since the yearcommenced s most gratifying increa~ aa .compared with theyields of last year. The total amount exported in 1871 up toSaturday last was 1,198,026oz., while the amount exported tothe corresponding period of 1870 was only 1,037,4910z., or160,535oz. less than in 1871.~Melbourns Argus.

BOOKS RECEIVED FOR REVIEW.Tt~e ArhaMi }P’ar. By Captain Henry Brackenbury. TwoVols., 8no. WiUiam Blaekwood and Sons.~ory oflh~ .4~haMt2 Cam2afyn. By Wenwcod Reade. One

"Vol. Smith, Elder an4 Co.TAretujh FaMes .Ean~ to C~ma~sfe. By Frederick Boyle. One¥o1. Chapman and Hall

T~,~ Heart of Africa. Two "Vols. By Dr. George Schweinf~rth.Translated by Ellen E. Erawer. Sampan Low and Co.

Dow,~-l~’U-~z-r, August 10.~The Q~een has been pleasedto appoint David Peter Chalmers, Esq., tu be Queen’s Advocatefor the {}old Coast Colony.~Ga~tls.Tins Col.o~ Oi, zxcz.--In consequence of increasing business,

it has been necessary to appoint another Assistant Under-Secre-tary to the Colonial Offce, and Mr. W. R. ~lalcelm has beenselected for the post. His place as Assistant-Secretary of theRailway Department of the Board of Trade will now be filledby Xtr. H. {}. Calcraft.So~z’t’R~sn z~x~ A ]~LsroL~.~Something like a hailstorm

seems to have visited Bergen County, New Jersey, United States,on the 4th of July. While the inhabitants of the village ofWestwood were celebrating the nation s birthday, a suddendarkness came over the scene of festivity, and the village waswrapped in a mysterious gloom. Before the holiday-makers hadtime to disperse down came the hailstorm on their hasps, tIail-stones two inches and a-half in diameter, and as hard andheavy as cobble-ston~, rattled down in a furious sbower fromthe sky. HenR and chickens were killed in large numbers, andthe bodies of cows and horses, stunned by the descending volley,lay prostrate in every direction. One young lady, by name MissBogart, was frightfully lacerated on the wrist and arm by one ofthe hailstones, and was conveyed home insensible with great difli*culty by her friends and relatives. A large building in the villagewas almost demolished, every pane of gla~ was broken, and thehailstones broke through thn roof aa though they had beencannon-bells. The storm covered an area of about 25 miles,leaving a desolation like that of a battle-field. Every tree wasstripped of its fruit, grain-fields of rye and corn were destroye0.,and all hopes of hay this season utterly extinguished. Theshower continued for thirty minutes, end iu this short timeaffected damage to the extent of many thousand dollars. Thahailstones, on an average, were the size of turkey’s eggs, and o.fevery conceivable shape, with sharp camera and edges that cutlike knives. To add to the confusion, the thunder end lightningwere incessant, and the screaming of men, women, and childreu,added to the bellowing end shrieks of affrighted cattle, made thescene truly awful. Miss Bogart is going on us well as can be ex-pected, but altogether the storm sadly interfered with the cele-bration of the 4th of July in Bergen County.~.PaN Mall Ga~t#a.Hv~ov~ or zm~ A~,~.zIC~W Psz.~.~’I’he following extract from

the L~af~ritb C~rier is a gem in its way: "The New York ~qun,which is seldom satisfied with things, objects to the proportionsof a rattlesnake recently seen in Carter county, in this State, anddescribed as reacbing from one side of the road to the other,while its body was as big as an ordinary churn. The Sun saysr that was a very badly proportioned snake,’ and that ’ it shouldhave been a good deal longer or else a good deal thinner.’ "Weshould like to know who is running the snakes of this State---theState herself or the editor of the New York Sun ? When thingscome to such a pass that New York arrogates to herself the rightto dictate to Kentucky the size and shape of her eerpent~, it iahigh time for thetrumpet to scundto arms and for the sword toleapfrom its scabbard." Here, however, is a speoimen from a Louis-dlle journal of fisticuffs at close quarters, which shows that all the.talent lsnot wasted, on one specialty. In a two-column editortal,the sneaking cur wag e~its that lying, incendiary, blackguard,piratical, loathsome sbeet, known (to only a few) as the Attakapasl~eyhler, howls over the imaginary crimes of the good people ofFranklin in a manner like unto the gibbeting of an idiot, the in-coherent ravings of a madman, or the demoniacal bellowing of an

~mp of Sa.~n, the.phosphorescent gleam of whose bloated carcasernishes aim with the only light that his rheumy eyes are likely

to have this side of the lurid flames of his l?redestined residence inperdition."~Neta Yor} A1Mon.

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AuG, 29, 1874.] THE AFRICAN TIMES. 23WHAT WE PAY FOR WAR.

The Peace’ Society (Henry Pease, Esq., Chairman, ~enryRichard,, M.P., Secretary) have published the following eloquentpaper :~"Twenty years before the Crimean War the military, and

naval expenditure of the country was ten millions. In 1854,the year before that war, it had ri~n to 16 millions. Since thetermination of that war it has averag-ed more than 26 millionsper annum. Thus we have had a permanent incres=-e of teamillions per annum (not including the interest of debts) eversince the Crimean War. These sums are so enormous that theycannot even be imagined, except by some prcces, of eomparL~on.To aid this comparison, let us mark the following facts : Accord-ing to the of~cislly-published, annual statistics, the total amountef eosl produced in the United Kingdom has averaged, for thepast seven years, au aenual value of 22 million pounds sterling,or 4 millions less thafi the average cost of the Army andNavy.Hence ~ll our coal mine~ united will not suffice to maintain ourArmy and Navy. And all the coal, iron, copper, lead, tin, zinc,silver, and other metalsproduced ia the United Kingdom haveaveraged in value (for seveu years past) 37 million pounds perannum, or about 18 million, less than the year’s expeuditura forpast ~nd present wars. Th~ total capital accumulated in thePost-offce Savings’ Bank was (in 1867~ 9,749,929/.; thetotalcapital in ether savings’ banks io the kingdom in 1867,

36,476,408/.; total, 46,226,337/. Hence the tnnual war ex-Penditure (for present and past operations) far exceeds the totaldeposits of the industrial and e~nomie clas.,,.s invested in all thesavings’ basks. The total anl~ual receipts of nil the railwaysin the United Kingdom for passengers and goods are about 33million ~und,, or 17 millions less than the money demaudedoaaccount of war. The average value of all the wheat, barley,oats, maize, and flour imported into the United Kingdom (forseven years past) is 80 million pounds per annum, or only fourmillions more than the annual expenditure for the Army andNavy alone (irrespective of National Debt). Nawouder that manyare almost starved! The average value of the cotton importedinto the United Kingdom (for seven years past) is 29 millionpounds, exactly the cost of Army and :Navy alone in 1868. Nowonder the manufacturing population have to work hard to get alivelihood ! All the paupers in the United Kingdom cost in thayear 1870-71~ 9,590,787/., or about cue-third of the expense ofthe Army and Navy l"

DEATH.At Harper, Cape Palmss, Mr. 3ose~h Elliott, deeply regretted

as a kind and affectionate relative, an enterprising and usefulmember of the Society at Cape Palmas; a worthy and pstriotlecitizen, whose heart was always warm for the advancement a~dregeueration of Africa.

. L A P L 0 T5 S

THE REAL PREVENTIVE OF AFRICAN FEVERsIs found pre-eminenHy beneficial is prerenilng and curing SJt~ALL-POX, ~/ Pu.df~i.~, InvOomt/ng, and Yifalhing

the .Blood. Any person who has already ~Ms complaint should take it and be l,’e2t in a cool anddarkened room, to prevent il.s having any trace on the features.

Important to all, more especially those who have charge of others, to TRAVELLERS, ENGLISff ~INISTERS, BRITISKCONSULS, and EITROPEANS, seeking to reside is safety in TROPICAL aud FOREIGN CLIMATES.

Invigorating and vitalising the blood, it alleviates thirst iu a moat agreeable rescuer, and furnishes the system with th~:.e S~linaprinciples that am essential to health.

SICKNESS, tLEADAC]~E, and NAUSEA are in most cases immediately relieved by taking a teaspoonful in a tumbler ofcold water.

SEA VOYAGES.~It is a very valuable accompaniment. It allays the sickness.For BILIOUS CONSTITUTIONS, giving flee to vitiated Secretions, Indigestion, and Eruptions on the Skin, a teaspoon-

ful should be taken daily with the dinner, in a tumbler of water."Raw:if, Pirutze, Punjab, India, 28th J~rch, 187I.

"’On the recommendation of eeveral o~rer~, who bad ~me of your Pyretic Saline in the West Indies, all of whom speak iu tha highestterms of it, we were induce~l to try it for the first time in this Province, from the ascertained merits of your preparation. A~ter use iu thefever-stricken districts by which wo are surrounded, we firmly beliers that the use of your Pyretie S~liua will do morn to pazvsxr fever thanall the Qaiuiue ever imported can cure¯ We write thus strongly, heeau,e, both from personal experience and observation, we believe we h~veat length found a ~z:dzn~ against the ever-pre~nt fevers of these parts, which cos: the British nations hundreds of valuable lives iuPesb a~’ur alone.

"We are now willing to enter into special terms for largo and continued supplies," &e."Have it always in your possession, to seoure these benefits,"

May be obtained of all Chemists, and of the Proprietor,

H. LA~ffPZOUGH, CONSUI, TING 0HE~IST113, HOLBORN, E.C. (Second Door from Hatton Garden), LONDON¯

BRITISH AND AFRICANSTEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY.

SHIPPERS ere respectfully informed that this Company nowdespatch a STEAMER from LIVERPOOL to the WEST

COAST of ~RICA every alternate Saturday.The Royal Mail Steamers

~ BONNY CAHEROON , BENGUELAROQUELL~ ¯ VOLTA WARREECONGO LOANDA FORCADOS

And SENEGALWill SAIL between-LIVERPOOL and the undermentionedPorts on the West Coast of Africa (calling at MAI)ZlRA andTz.~Emrr~)~viz., SIERRA LEONE, MONEOVIA, CAPEPALMAS, CAPE COAST CASTLE, ACCRA, fELLAHCOFFEE, LAGOS, BENIN, BONNY, FERNANDO PO, andOLD CALABAR. One Steamer a month also balls at Bathurst.For furl applyin to MA~OOr,~

Htrgso.’,- and 5, m ow, to Txxr~aLA~osta.~P, and Co., 24, ; and in Liver

& CO., 48, Castle.street.

COTTON, WOOL, aud other Materia], PRESSED awlPkCKED by WALKER’S PATENT ROTATINGPRESS, in HALF the USUAL TI3IE. Sugar Mills forSplitting the Cane, Palm Nut Assorter,, Nut Crackers, andevery kind of Machine for Africa or India¯

12, SAMES.STREEI’, C!TY-ROAD, LONDON.

It~ the Press, crown 8re., price 12s. 6d.

DISEASES OF TROPICAL CLIMATES,AND THEIR TREATMENT;

WIrn HIslS r’ox ~ug PasszsvA£1ox oR* Hzt~TU I.,,- ~nE TzeP-rCS.

By 3. A. B. HORTON, M.D., F2in., F.R.G.S.,

Staff A~istant-Surgeon of the Army Medical Departm£nt ; As-sociate of King’s College, London ; Fozefgu Fellow of theBotanical Society of Member of tha

of Pr~t!dent of theical e ~iember of tLe Iusl~tute

d’Afriqae, of Paris,: $. & A. Cgv~cnn$, New Burling~ treat.

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24 THE AFRICAN TIM’ES. [Arc. 29, 1874.

AFRICAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY.INCORPORATED ~Y ROYAL CHAR’IER.

NOTICE,Tbh Company’s Steamers win lcave LIVERPOOL EVERY ALTERNATE SATURDAY.The attention of Shippers is respectfully called to the revised scale of rates of freight which will be charged by thh and

~ucceedir g Packets.

THE COMPANY’S FAST AND C01[HODIOUS ROYAL 1JAIL 8TEASI~RS,...... 1,650 Tons ... Captain Addison....... 1,981 ,, ... ,, Simonds....... 1,500 ,, ... ,, Crook....... 1,486 ,, ... ,, Bell....... 1,750 ,, ... , Davis....... I,~60 ,, ... ,, Rattray....... ?50 ,, ... ,, Auohinleck....... 1,260 ,, ... ,, Coward....... 1,550 ,, ... ,, Wilkin....... Building

ARE INTE.NDED TO

LEAVE LIVERPOOL AS ABOVE.

Af~caAmbrizBeninBiafraEthiopiaElminaEboeMonroviaSoudanWhydah

The fast and powerful Steamship SOUDAN ’is intended to sail on Saturday, 5th SEPTEHBER, for 5fadeira, Tenerifre,Sierra Leone, Cape P~lmas, Cape Coast Castle, AcOrn, Je]lsh Coffee, I,agu~, Bonny, Fernando Po, 0Id Cslabar, Benin, Brass, lq’ewCalabar, and 0pal>o, at 2 P.~r.

The following departure will be the Steamship BIAFRA, n, the 15th SEPTEHBER, for ~adeira, Cape Palmas, Whydah,Feraando Po, Comeroons, Prince’s Ishnd, St. Thoma.q, Gaboon, Black Point, Landana, Congo, Ambrizette, Kinsembo, Ambriz,St. Paul de Losnda, end Opobe.

The next departure will be the Steamship EL~INA, on the 19th SEPTEMBER, for ~adeira, Tenefiffe, Sierra Leone, "~ron-rods, Cape Palmas, Cape Coast Castle, Accra, Jellah Coffee, La~,os,~ Benin, Brass, Bonny, New Cslabar, Opobo, Fernando POJand Old Calabar, at 11.30 A.~t.

For further information apply in London at the COHPANY’S OFFICES, 14, LEADENHALL STREET, aud in L[verpeol to

l~LETCHER & PARR,August, 1874. 6, DALE STREET.

SYDENHAM HOUSE, 50, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON.

SAMUEL BROTHERS,BIERCHANT TAILORS AND OUTFITTERS.

On the System of Charging the Lowest Price possible for Ready Money.LONDON CLOTHING.--Perfection in Style and Fit is supplied by ths aid of the ne~ Self.measure Rules, as given belovz

During t~venty.five years their Clothing has been celebrated for sound economy, perfect fitting, and the most gentiemanliko style.

THE WORLD-FAMED SYDEN .HA~ SUITS AT 59s,Are manufactured in suitable styles for all occasions, and in the various substance~ ot $YDE N HAM

Cloth for all Climates.Mossrxo A~D Bvslszss SClrS ......... 42~. 0a, to 84S. Od.TRouszas ................ 14s. 0d. ,, 26s. 0d.Dazes X.~D PROMENADE SUI’fS ......... 59S. 0d. ,, 114S. 0d.TRO~’SERS . . .............. 17S. 6d. ,, 30S. 0a.

STATE, LAW, AND CLERICAL ROBES SUPPLIED AT VERY ADVANTAGEOUSPRICES.

THE NEW BOOK ON GENTLEMEN’S ATTIREContains Forty.three Engravings to represent the Fashionable Styles.

Price Is.,deducted from s purchase (post-free).

Any garment can be supplied by sending the following measures : Give, Is [~<cnK~,whole height of parson. Foe A CoAt: Round the brea~L round the waist, from centreof back to the wrist; for length of steers, arm bent. Fen WxlszcoA~ ; Round breastand waist. Yoa Tzovszss, Length outside seam from top to bott.~m, length inside

TROUSERS.seam from fork to bottom, round the waist, round the s~eE.PArrzass ~tl~’D L~ o~ Patczs Po~ Fa~z.

SAMUEL BROTHERS GUARANTEE TO SUPPLY, IN EVERY CLASS. PERIIANENT COLOURS, GENTLEMANLY STYLESOUND WORKMANS[:[IP, AND PERFEC~ FIT.

Messrs. Samuel Brothers find it necessary to state that the Postage of Letters must be Prepaid, cr they will not be received.

SAMUEL BROTHERS, 50, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, ENGLAND.

l~Lu~4 and Pub~.,~.ecl f~r the Pr~fl~t~r b7 Wzz.~.:*.~ ,~o~r~ ~’o~x:.-~.,,-, 121, Fleet-~eet, ~ the L’~ty c! I.,c.cd~:z.--Ar~t-sr 29, I$7~.

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