ch. 16: reconstruction
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Ch. 16: Reconstruction. American History (CHA3U1). Introduction. Confederate war veterans returned to devastated land African Americans quickly learned that freedom didn’t mean equality - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ch. 16: Reconstruction
American History (CHA3U1)
Introduction
Confederate war veterans returned to devastated land
African Americans quickly learned that freedom didn’t mean equality
Readmitting Southern states to the Union difficult because of white Southern bitterness & Radical Republicans in Congress
Sec. 1: After Slavery (pgs. 440 – 44)
New Ways of Life The Plight of Landowners some slaves
agreed to stay and work the land for housing, food and cash after crops harvested
Many lost land because Confederate money worthless therefore couldn’t pay taxes or debts
The Plight of Workers poor whites / African Americans tenant farmers / sharecroppers
Sharecroppers
Sec. 1: After Slavery
From Slavery to Freedom strengthened family ties
Chose new surnames Left for cities or farmland in the West
Sec. 1: After Slavery
The Freedmen’s Bureau Education taught former slaves to read /
write Jobs encouraged former slaves to sign
labour contracts with planters Land land given to former slaves returned to
previous white owners
Sec. 2: Reconstructing the South (pgs. 445 – 51)
Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln’s Plan amnesty / pardon to all
Southerners who pledged an oath of loyalty to the United States
African Americans could return to Africa or colonize Caribbean
The Radical Republicans’ Plan harsher than Lincoln’s plan military rule
Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination
Sec. 2: Reconstructing the South
Johnson’s Program President after Lincoln assassinated tried to implement Lincoln’s generous plan but Radical Republicans refused to co-operate
White Men & Black Codes states allowed to create their own laws that denied African Americans many basic rights such as voting or gov’t education
Sec. 2: Reconstructing the South
Presidential Reconstruction The North Responds April 1866 Congress
passed the Civil Rights Bill giving citizenship to African Americans and all the rights entailed
The Fourteenth Amendment defined citizenship to include African Americans who were guaranteed equal protection under the law
Sec. 2: Reconstructing the South
Radical Reconstruction Reconstruction Plans appreciative African
Americans would vote for Radical Republicans Reconstruction Legislation March 1867
Reconstruction Act passed putting the South under five district military rule until the states gave African Americans the right to vote
Sec. 2: Reconstructing the South
Carpetbag Government Scalawags (Union sympathizers) and
carpetbaggers (Northerners) despised The Radicals in Power reduce Pres. power Challenging the Tenure Law Pres. Johnson
twice fired Edwin Stanton a supporter of Radicals
Sec. 2: Reconstructing the South
Carpetbag Government Johnson Impeached May 16, 1868 Senate
voted 35 to 19 to convict Pres, one vote shy The 1868 Election General Grant won as a
Radical Republican to become new President
Andrew Johnson & Ulysses S Grant
Sec. 3: Restoring Southern Power(pgs. 453 – 56)
Opponents of Reconstruction set up secret societies (e.g. KKK) wore out Radicals
The Compromise of 1877 Electoral Commission disputed Pres vote in
1876 given to Republican candidate Hayes Reaching an Agreement Democrats
outraged so Republicans promised South power, funds and removal of federal troops
Sec. 3: Restoring Southern Power
After Reconstruction Segregation separation of races made legal
by Supreme Court ruling Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional Jim Crow laws follow
The “New South” industrialization with Northern financing brought railroads, factories
Few Gains for African Americans temporary gains soon gone with economic slavery
Conclusion
Civil War devastated the South but in the long run the abolition of slavery helped the South to industrialize and diversify its economy
Unfortunately it would take another 100 years for African Americans to gain political and economic equality