Tuesday, February 2, 2010Tuesday, February 2, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. Ulysses Agree Disagree Agree Disagree 1. Ulysses Agree Disagree ____ ____ S. Grant was ____ ____ ____ ____ S. Grant was ____ ____ an extremely effective president.an extremely effective president.

Agree Disagree 2. The Compromise AgreeAgree Disagree 2. The Compromise Agree DisagreeDisagree of 1877 ended of 1877 ended

Reconstruction _____ ____Reconstruction _____ ____

Tuesday, February 3, 2010Tuesday, February 3, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. Vicksburg Agree Disagree Agree Disagree 1. Vicksburg Agree Disagree ____ ____ was considered ____ ____ ____ ____ was considered ____ ____ the turning point of the Civil War. the turning point of the Civil War.

Agree Disagree 2. Morrill Land AgreeAgree Disagree 2. Morrill Land Agree Disagree Disagree Grant act said that Grant act said that

each state was each state was

required to fund at required to fund at least one public institution. least one public institution.

AHSGE Chapter 6AHSGE Chapter 6Civil War and ReconstructionCivil War and Reconstruction

Decisive Battles of the Civil WarDecisive Battles of the Civil War

First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull Run 11stst battle of the war battle of the war– – Humiliating defeat forHumiliating defeat for the North and almost led the North and almost led to a Confederate invasionto a Confederate invasion of Washington, D.C.of Washington, D.C.ShilohShiloh – – Bloodiest battle of Civil WarBloodiest battle of Civil War. . 20,000 total causalities20,000 total causalities. . No clear winner.No clear winner.

Chunk #1Chunk #1 Turn to page 73 Turn to page 73 VicksburgVicksburg

History Frame – Answer the History Frame – Answer the following questions from the following questions from the

passage you have read.passage you have read.

Setting Setting Where and When? -Where and When? -

CharactersCharacters Who are the key players? – Who are the key players? –

PlotPlot What happened? –What happened? –

Outcome Outcome What were the results? –What were the results? –

AntietamAntietam

– – Bloodiest one day battle in the historyBloodiest one day battle in the history of the of the United States. After this Union victory, Lincoln United States. After this Union victory, Lincoln issued the issued the Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation (document which freed all slaves in the (document which freed all slaves in the confederate States while maintaining slavery in confederate States while maintaining slavery in the border states loyal to the Union. the border states loyal to the Union.

VicksburgVicksburg

– – Union victory. Union victory.

Union now had Union now had complete complete

controlcontrol of the of the

Mississippi River. Mississippi River.

GettysburgGettysburg

– – Three day battleThree day battle where the Union was where the Union was victorious. Considered the victorious. Considered the turning pointturning point of of the war because the the war because the Confederacy no Confederacy no longer had the ability to launch an longer had the ability to launch an offensiveoffensive into Union territory. into Union territory.

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address- speech given by Lincoln speech given by Lincoln

at dedication of Union at dedication of Union

cemetery to cemetery to honor the soldiershonor the soldiers who had who had died in the Civil War. He affirmed his died in the Civil War. He affirmed his belief in democracy and his desire to see belief in democracy and his desire to see the the union reunited. union reunited.

AtlantaAtlanta

– – Union Union General ShermanGeneral Sherman burned Atlanta to the burned Atlanta to the ground, destroying the ability of the confederacy ground, destroying the ability of the confederacy to supply the war effort.to supply the war effort.

Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March

– – Sherman marched 60,000 soldiers from Sherman marched 60,000 soldiers from Chattanooga, TN through Atlanta to Chattanooga, TN through Atlanta to Savannah, Savannah, GA,GA, destroying destroying everything in a 60 mile-wide path. everything in a 60 mile-wide path. This act This act brokebroke the the spiritspirit of the of the ConfederatesConfederates. .

Surrender at AppomattoxSurrender at Appomattox – – Courthouse where Courthouse where General Robert E. General Robert E.

Lee surrenderedLee surrendered his Confederate his Confederate troops to Union General Ulysses S. troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War. Grant ending the Civil War. The The North won. North won.

Social and Political Changes during the Civil Social and Political Changes during the Civil WarWar

Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus – – guaranteed that a person could not be guaranteed that a person could not be

imprisoned without appearing in courtimprisoned without appearing in court. . President Lincoln declared martial law in Maryland President Lincoln declared martial law in Maryland and suspended the right of habeas corpus (and suspended the right of habeas corpus (the the right to hold citizens without charging them with a right to hold citizens without charging them with a crimecrime) after Confederate sympathizers attacked ) after Confederate sympathizers attacked Union troops in Baltimore. Union troops in Baltimore.

DraftedDrafted – – forced to forced to serve in the serve in the militarymilitary. First time in history during . First time in history during the Civil War.the Civil War.

Homestead ActHomestead Act

– – stated that anyone who would agree to stated that anyone who would agree to cultivate (farm) 160 acrescultivate (farm) 160 acres of land for of land for five five yearsyears would would receive title (given)receive title (given) to that to that land from the government. This Act land from the government. This Act accelerated accelerated the settlement of the the settlement of the WestWest..

Morrill Land Grant ActMorrill Land Grant Act

– – Gave each state thousands of acres of Gave each state thousands of acres of land. Each state had to use this land to land. Each state had to use this land to fund fund at at least one public universityleast one public university..

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation – see – see previous notes.previous notes.

1313thth Amendment Amendment added to the added to the Constitution that Constitution that abolished abolished (ended) slavery(ended) slavery. .

Chunk #2Chunk #2 Cost of WarCost of WarGistGist – Turn to page 76. Read – Turn to page 76. Read Cost of WarCost of War, ,

and write two costs the North and South and write two costs the North and South had as a result of the Civil Warhad as a result of the Civil War. .

NorthNorth

SouthSouth

Cost of the WarCost of the War

North:North: InflationInflation rose due to the printing of rose due to the printing of

money because the cost of the war money because the cost of the war had grown to 1.3 billion dollars.had grown to 1.3 billion dollars.

UnionUnion was was restoredrestored..

Over Over 360,000 360,000 Union Union soldiers died.soldiers died.

South:South:

Lost warLost war so so slave-based economy slave-based economy abolished.abolished.

Over Over 258,000258,000 Confederate soldiersConfederate soldiers died.died.

SouthSouth was was devasteddevasted..

Life for Emancipated BlacksLife for Emancipated Blacks

““Freedmen”Freedmen” – emancipated (freed) – emancipated (freed) slaves.slaves.

Problems:Problems: Widespread Widespread illiteracyilliteracy (unable to read or (unable to read or

write).write).

Freed slaves had Freed slaves had

no moneyno money and and

owned no landowned no land. .

Few people could hire freedmen and Few people could hire freedmen and working for former masters was like working for former masters was like slavery.slavery.

Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau – – Established Established to aidto aid blacks and whitesblacks and whites by providing by providing clothing, food and money to organize clothing, food and money to organize schools, provide medical care and schools, provide medical care and provide agents to find work for freed provide agents to find work for freed slaves. slaves.

`̀Different Plans for ReconstructionDifferent Plans for Reconstruction

April 14, 1865April 14, 1865 – President – President Lincoln assassinatedLincoln assassinated at at Fords’ Theatre by Fords’ Theatre by John Wilkes Booth.John Wilkes Booth.

Vice-President Andrew JohnsonVice-President Andrew Johnson – – new president for remainder of Lincoln’s new president for remainder of Lincoln’s term. Was term. Was sympathetic to white sympathetic to white SouthernersSoutherners and wanted a mild form of and wanted a mild form of reconstruction that allowed whites to reconstruction that allowed whites to maintain their power and keep blacks maintain their power and keep blacks out of office. out of office.

Black CodesBlack Codes – Before Congress could – Before Congress could convene, the state governments in the South convene, the state governments in the South passed a series of Black Codes. These codes passed a series of Black Codes. These codes made blacks second-class citizens and made blacks second-class citizens and limited limited the rights of former slaves. the rights of former slaves.

Examples:Examples: Blacks could not Blacks could not own weaponsown weapons..

Meet togetherMeet together after sundown. after sundown.

MarryMarry whites. whites.

Radical ReconstructionRadical Reconstruction

1414thth Amendment Amendment – all persons born or – all persons born or naturalized in the United States are naturalized in the United States are citizens (African Americans are citizens (African Americans are now now citizenscitizens of the U.S.) of the U.S.)

Reconstruction ActReconstruction Act

All former Confederate states would be All former Confederate states would be broken up into broken up into five military districtsfive military districts..

Southern States would not be readmitted Southern States would not be readmitted until they until they ratified the 14ratified the 14thth Amendment Amendment..

Black male citizens must be granted Black male citizens must be granted the the right to voteright to vote..

Former Confederate officials could Former Confederate officials could not not hold public officehold public office. .

A New Kind of PoliticsA New Kind of Politics

Hiram R. RevelsHiram R. Revels – –

Black senator from Black senator from

Mississippi who replaced Mississippi who replaced

Jefferson Davis in the Jefferson Davis in the

Senate. Senate.

1515thth amendment amendment – guaranteed – guaranteed voting voting rightsrights to all citizens regardless of race, to all citizens regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. color, or previous condition of servitude.

CHUNK #3CHUNK #3 Carpetbaggers Carpetbaggers and and ScalawagsScalawags

GistGist – Turn to page 82. Read – Turn to page 82. Read CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers and and ScalawagsScalawags, and write one statement on , and write one statement on each in the space provided that gives the each in the space provided that gives the “gist” or summary of the selection. “gist” or summary of the selection.

Bitter Feeling in the SouthBitter Feeling in the South

CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers – people who came from – people who came from the the NorthNorth to do to do business in the Southbusiness in the South..

ScalawagScalawag – – SouthernersSoutherners who who supported supported Reconstruction.Reconstruction.

Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan – – organization which usedorganization which used terrorism and violence to terrorism and violence to intimidate blacks andintimidate blacks and other minorities. other minorities.

Presidential Election of 1876Presidential Election of 1876

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant was a was a strong strong military leadermilitary leader but proved to be but proved to be a a very weak political leadervery weak political leader. His . His presidency was marked by presidency was marked by corruptioncorruption. .

Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877

In the In the Election of 1876Election of 1876, , Samuel Samuel Tilden (D)Tilden (D) and and Rutherford B. Rutherford B. Hayes (R)Hayes (R) ran. ran.

Due to some disputed votes in three Due to some disputed votes in three states, Congress appointed an states, Congress appointed an Electoral Commission to decide the Electoral Commission to decide the election. Seven Democrats, seven election. Seven Democrats, seven Republicans and one Independent. Republicans and one Independent.

Independent left and was replaced Independent left and was replaced by a Republican. by a Republican.

Commission decided the votes Commission decided the votes belonged to Hayes (R) and he was belonged to Hayes (R) and he was elected president.elected president.

The Democrats wereThe Democrats were outraged outraged. .

In order In order to keep the peaceto keep the peace, , DemocratsDemocrats said they would said they would let Hayeslet Hayes winwin the the presidencypresidency if the Republicans if the Republicans would would end Reconstructionend Reconstruction. .

This compromise is known as the This compromise is known as the Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877. .

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws – In the south, – In the south, states passed laws requiring states passed laws requiring blacks blacks and whitesand whites to to useuse separate facilitiesseparate facilities in restaurants, hospitals, schools etc. in restaurants, hospitals, schools etc. These laws imposed literacy tests These laws imposed literacy tests and poll taxes which prevented and poll taxes which prevented blacks from voting despite the 15blacks from voting despite the 15thth amendment. amendment.

ReviewReview

1.1. Who won the Election of 1865? Who won the Election of 1865? Why did it cause a problem?Why did it cause a problem?

2.2. Describe the Jim Crow Laws.Describe the Jim Crow Laws.