Antoine Watteau. Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera. 1717.Oil on canvas. 4' 2-3∕4 ins" × 6' 4-3∕4" (1.29 × 1.94 m).

Louvre, Paris. © 2009 White Images/Scala, Florence. [Fig. 11-1]

Clodion (Claude Michel). Intoxication of Wine (Nymph and Satyr Carousing). c. 1780–90.Terracotta. Height 23-1∕4" (59.1 cm).

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Art Resource/Scala, Florence. [Fig. 11-2]

Gabriel Germain Boffrand. Salon de la Princesse, Hôtel de Soubise, Paris. c. 1740.© 2008 White Images. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 11-3]

Rosalba Carriera. A Young Lady with a Parrot. c. 1730.Pastel on blue laid paper. 23-2∕3" × 19-2∕3" (60 × 50 cm).

The Art Institute of Chicago. Bridgeman Art Library. [Fig. 11-4]

Fraçois Boucher. The Toilet of Venus. 1751.Oil on canvas. 42-5∕8 × 33-1∕2" (108.3 × 85.1 cm).

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photo © 1993. [Fig. 11-5]

Jean-Honor. Fragonard. The Progress of Love: The Meeting (Storming the Citadel).1771–1773.

Oil on canvas. 12' 5" × 8' (3.18 × 2.44 m).The Frick Collection, New York. © Corbis. [Fig. 11-6]

Marie-Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun. Self-portrait in a Straw Hat. 1782.Oil on canvas. 38-1∕2" × 27-3∕4" (97.8 × 70.5 cm).

National Gallery, London. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 11-7]

Balthasar Neumann. Interior of the Pilgrimage Church of the Vierzehnheiligen.Near Bamberg, Germany. 1743–1772. AKG-images/Erich Lessing. [Fig. 11-8]

Balthasar Neumann. Ground plan (preparatory design) of the Church of the Vierzehnheiligen. 1743.

Private Collection, L/L. [Fig. 11-9]

Thomas Gainsborough. Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan. 1785–1787.Oil on canvas. 7' 2-5∕8" × 5' (2.2 × 1.5 m).

Mellon Collection, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.Bridgeman Art Library, London. [Fig. 11-10]

Joseph Wright. Experiment with an Air Pump. 1768.Oil on canvas. 5' 11-5∕8" × 7" 11-3∕4" (1.82 × 2.43 m).

National Gallery, London. [Fig. 11-1]

Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin. Boy Spinning Top. 1741.Oil on canvas. 26-1∕2" × 28-3∕4" (67 × 73 cm).

Louvre, Paris.Photo © Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Paris/Jean Schormans. [Fig. 11-12]

Jean-Baptiste Greuze. The Bride of the Village. 1761.Oil on canvas. 46-1∕2" × 36" (118 × 91 cm).

Louvre, Paris.Photo © Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Paris/J. G. Berizzi. [Fig. 11-13]

Ned Ward. The CoffeeHous Mob, frontispiece to Part IV of Vulgus Britannicus, or the British Hudibras (London. 1710).

British Library. Hulton Archive/Getty Images. [Fig. 11-14]

Joseph Lange. Mozart at the Pianoforte. 1789.Oil on canvas. 13-6∕8 × 11-13∕16" (35 × 30 cm).

Mozart Museum, Salzburg. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 11-15]

Utagawa Kunisada, scene from Sukeroku. c. 1835.Woodblock print (detail). Whole block 8-1∕2 × 22-1∕2" (21.6 × 57.2 cm).

Private collection.Digital Image Museum Associates/LACMA/Art Resource NY/Scala, Florence. [Fig. 11-16]

Typical seating plan for a modern symphony orchestra.[Fig. 11-17]

Henry Hoare. The Park at Stourhead, Wiltshire. 1743–1744.© Arcaid Images / Alamy. [Fig. 11-18]

Ange-Jacques Gabriel. The Petit Trianon. 1761–1764.Versailles, France. Bridgeman Art Library, London/Giraudon.[Fig. 11-19]

Thomas Jefferson. Monticello, near Charlottesville, Virginia. 1770–84; remodeled 1796–1806.©David Muench/Corbis. [Fig. 11-20]

Angelica Kauffmann. Cornelia Pointing to her Children as her Treasures. c. 1785.Oil on canvas. 3' 4" × 4' 2" (1.02 × 1.27 m).

Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia. The Adolph D. and Wilkins C. Williams Fund. © Tate, London, 2003. [Fig. 11-22]

Joshua Reynolds. Three Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen. 1773.Oil on canvas. 7' 6" × 9' 6" (2.3 × 2.9 m).

Tate Britain, London. © 1999 Virginia Museum of Fine Arts/photo Katherine Wetzel. [Fig. 11-21]

Jacques-Louis David. Oath of the Horatii. 1784–1785.Oil on canvas. 10' 10" × 14' (3.3 × 4.27 m).

Louvre, Paris. © Photo Josse, Paris. [Fig. 11-23]

William Hogarth. The Marriage Contract from Marriage à la Mode (Scene I). 1744.Oil on canvas. 27" × 35" (69 × 90 cm).

National Gallery, London. ©2009. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 11-24]

Jean-Antoine Houdon. Voltaire. 1781.Marble. Height 4' 6" (1.38 m).

Hermitage, St. Petersburg. © Leoid Bogdanov/SuperStock. [Fig. 11-25]