Gustave Caillebotte. Paris Street: Rainy Weather. 1877. Oil on canvas. 6' 11-1∕2" × 9' 3∕4" (2.12 × 2.76 m).

Art Institute of Chicago, Charles H. and Mary F. S. Worcester Collection, 1964.336. [Figure 13.1]

Honoré Daumier. Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834. 1834.Lithograph. 11-1∕2" × 17-1∕2" (29 × 44.5 cm).

Private Collection. [Figure 13.2]

Joseph Paxton. Crystal Palace. 1851. Cast iron and glass. Length 1,851' (564.2 m).London. Private Collection, L/L. [Figure 13.3]

John Everett Millais. Ophelia. 1852. Oil on canvas. 30" × 44" (76 × 112 cm).

Tate Britain, London. © 2012. [Figure 13.4]

Gustave Courbet. Burial at Ornans. 1849. Oil on canvas. 10' 3-5∕8" × 21' 9-3∕4" (3.14 × 6.65 m). Musée d'Orsay, Paris. © Photo Josse, Paris. [Figure 13.5]

Edouard Manet. Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass). 1863. Oil on canvas. 7' 3∕4" × 8' 10-3∕4" (2.15 × 2.71 m).

Musée d'Orsay, Paris. © Photo Josse, Paris. [Figure 13.6]

Rosa Bonheur. The Horse Fair. 1853–5. Oil on canvas. 8' 1∕4" × 16' 7-1∕2" (2.44 × 5.06 m).

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photo © 1997. [Figure 13.7]

Nadar. Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt. 1844–1923.Photograph taken in the late 1870s. © Bettman/CORBIS. [Figure 13.8]

Thomas Eakins. The Gross Clinic. 1875. Oil on canvas. 8' × 6' 6" (2.44 × 1.98 m).

Philadelphia Museum of Art. Photo © 2008. Art Resource/Scala, Florence [Figure 13.9]

Henri Labrouste. Reading room of the Bibliothèque Nationale. 1854–75.Paris. Paul Almasy/Corbis. [Figure 13.10]

Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel Tower. 1887–9. Cast and wrought iron. Height 984' (299.9 m).

Paris. Photo © Paul M. R. Maeyaert, Mont de l'Enclus (Orroir), Belgium. [Figure 13.11]

Camille Pissarro. The Avenue de l'Opéra, Sunlight, Winter Morning. c. 1880. Oil on canvas, 35-3∕4" × 28-3∕4" (91 × 73 cm).

Musée des Beaux-Arts. Reims, France.White Images/Scala, Florence. [Figure 13.12]

The grand boulevards of Paris.[Map 13.1]

Louis H. Sullivan. Wainwright Building. 1890–1891.St. Louis, Missouri. Missouri Historical Society. Emil Boehl. [Figure 13.13]

Cross-sectional view Bayreuth Festspielhaus. 1876.Bavaria, Germany. From Frederic Spotts, Bayreuth: A History of the Wagner Festival.

1994. ©Yale University Press/Spotts. [Figure 13.14]

Arthur Rackham. Illustration to Das Rheingold (The Rhine Gold).Part of Wagner's Ring cycle. 1910.

Private Collection, L/L. [Figure 13.15]

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. At the Moulin Rouge. 1892–1895. Oil on canvas. 4' 1∕2" × 4' 7-3∕8" (1.23 × 1.41 m).

The Art Institute of Chicago. [Figure 13.16]

Louis Comfort Tiffany. Vase. 1893–1896. Favrile glass. 14-1∕8" × 11-1∕2" (35.9 × 29.2 cm).

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Art Resource/Scala, Florence. [Figure 13.17]

Antoni Gaudí. Casa Batllò. 1900–1907.Barcelona. Vincent Abbey Photography. [Figure 13.18]

Gustav Klimt. The Kiss. 1907–1908. Oil and gold on canvas. 5' 10-7∕8" × 5' 10-7∕8" (1.8 × 1.8 m).

Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna. © Fotostudio Otto, 2001. [Figure 13.19]

Auguste Rodin. The Gates of Hell. Begun 1880. Bronze (cast from plaster model). 20' 8" × 13' 1" (6.3 m × 3.99 m).

The Rodin Museum, Philadelphia: Bequest of Jules E. Mastbaim, 1929.Art Resource/Scala, Florence. [Figure 13.20]

Auguste Rodin. Honoré de Balzac. 1892–1897. Plaster. Height 9' 10" (3 m).

Musée Rodin, Paris. Private Collection. [Figure 13.21]

Claude Monet. Impression: Sunrise. 1872. Oil on canvas. 19-1∕2" × 24-1∕2" (49.5 × 62 cm).

Musée Marmottan. Paris. Bridgeman Art Library, London. [Figure 13.22]

Berthe Morisot. Summer's Day. 1879.Oil on canvas. 17 1-3∕16" × 29-5∕16" (47.5 × 75.2 cm).

National Gallery. London - Lane Bequest, 1917. Scala, Florence. [Figure 13.23]

Claude Monet. St.-Lazare Station. 1877. Oil on canvas. 29-1∕2" × 41" (75.5 × 104 cm).

Musée d'Orsay. Paris. Bridgeman Art Library, London. [Figure 13.24]

Katsushika Hokusai. The Great Wave off Kanazawa from the Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji. 1823–1829.

Polychrome woodblock print. 10" × 14" (25.5 × 37.5 cm). Victoria & Albert Museum, London. © V&A Images. All rights reserved. [Figure 13.25]

Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Le Moulin de la Galette. 1876.Oil on canvas. 4' 3-1∕2" × 5' 9" (1.31 × 1.75 m).

Musée d'Orsay, Paris. Photo Josse, Paris. [Figure 13.26]

Edgar Degas. The Dancer in Green. c. 1879. Pastel and gouache on paper. 25" × 14" (64 × 36 cm).

Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid. Scala, Florence. [Figure 13.27]

Mary Cassatt. In the Loge. 1878. Oil on canvas. 32" × 26" (81.3 × 66 cm).

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. [Figure 13.28]

Georges Seurat. Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. 1884–1886. Oil on canvas. 6' 9-1∕2" × 10' 3∕4" (2.07 × 3.05 m).

Art Institute of Chicago. © 1998. [Figure 13.29]

Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire from Les Lauves. 1902–1904. Oil on canvas. 27-1∕2" × 35-1∕4" (70 × 89.5 cm).

Philadelphia Museum of Art. The George W. Elkins Collection, 1936/The Bridgeman Art Library. [Figure 13.30]

Paul Cézanne. Apples and Oranges. 1895–1900. Oil on canvas. 29" × 36-3∕4" (74 × 93 cm).

Musée d'Orsay, Paris.Photo © Reunion des Musees Nationnaux, Paris, H. Lewandowski/Orsay. [Figure 13.32]

Paul Gauguin. Self-portrait with Halo. 1889.Oil on wood. 31-3∕8" × 20-3∕8" (79.6 × 51.7 cm).

National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. © 2000 The Board of Trustees. [Figure 13.33]

Paul Gauguin. Ia Orana Maria (Hail Mary). 1891.44-3∕4" × 34-1∕2" (113.7 × 87.6 cm).

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. © 2003 Digital image.Art Resource/Scala, Florence. [Figure 13.34]

Vincent van Gogh. Starry Night. 1889. Oil on canvas. 29" × 36-1∕4" (74 × 92 cm).

Collection, The Museum of Modern Art, New York. © 2003 Digital image.Art Resource/Scala, Florence. [Figure 13.35]