Chapter 18 The French

Revolution And Napoleon 1789-1815

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION BEGINSBIG IDEA: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEM LEAD TO FRENCH REV.

Section 18.1

French Rev. Causes 1 & 2-Social & taxes• Old Regime –French Social structure

(Middle Ages)– Pop. divided by law (3 status groups -

estates)– 3 Estates• 1st -clergy -10% of land & no

TALLE(Frances chief tax). • 2nd –nobles -20 % of land & no TALLE• 3rd – peasants to Bourgeoisie (middle

class-merchants, artisans, etc.)–Paid most the taxes – Divided by occupation,

education, & wealth.

French Rev Cause 3-Enlightenment

• New views– Power & Authority of gov. (Locke, Montesquieu,

Voltaire, Rousseau & Voltaire)

"The Third Estate is the People and the People is the foundation of the State; it is in fact the State itself... It is in the People that all national power resides and it is

for the People that all states exist.

French Rev Cause 3-4 -Financial Crisis & weak King • Failed budget.– Bad harvest (1780’s) +Slowed manufacturing = rising $ for

food & unemployment– Very high Taxes

• King(s) -spent $ -wars &luxuries– Marie Antoinette aka “Madame Deficit”. – Louis XVI (16th) • weak leader• Aided American Rev

Estate-General & National Assembly• Issue -3rd Estate wanted 1st & 2nd to pay taxes. – traditionally each estate had one vote.

• 3rd Estate wants each delegate to vote. – King say no • 3rd Estate declared itself the “National Assembly “– creates constitution – “TENNIS COURT OATH.”

• July 14, 1789 BASTILLE is stormed– “Great Fear” has started

End of Old Regime • National Assembly Reforms – Declaration of the Rights of Man• All men free & equal before law. Should this include

women? (Olympia De Gouge)• Abolishes legal privileges of 1st & 2nd estates.

– Civil Constitution of Clergy • Lose land & elected

• Louis XVI refused acceptance of Declaration• March of Parisian Fish women –Royal family go to Paris

There is no fury as harsh as that of a women- History has proven it !!!! 1789

Legislative Assembly & Paris Commune• Constitution of 1791 - limited monarchy (Legislative

Assembly). – Louis XVI doesn’t support – tries to flee

• France fears invasion – War with Austria (Aid Louis XVI)

• 1792 Paris Commune Established – Sans-Culottes (without breeches)– universal Male Suffrage

Section 1 Review

• Status group• Estate• Popularly run city council• Commune• Merchants, bankers, industrialists, professionals• Bourgeoise• The Second Estate owned 25-30 % of the land, held

high positions in the gov’t and military, and did not do what?

Section 1 Review

• Pay taxes• The Paris Commune demonstrated, then seized

power because : defeats in war with Prussia, anger with the monarchy, and economic what?

• Shortages• The National assembly’s Constitution of 1791 set up

what kind of monarchy?• limited

Section 1 Review

• The Paris Bastille was what?• An armory and prison• The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

proclaimed: freedom of speech, freedom of press, and an end to what?

• Tax exemptions• France’s chief tax• taille

Section 1 Review

• “without breeches,” members of the Paris Commune

• Sans-culottes