Cultural Identity & Development

• How one feels about belonging to their cultural group– Ethnicity, gender, sexual

orientation

– Takes into account a person’s feelings, perceptions & self-image

• Identification

CID (formerly MID) model - Atkinson, Morten & Sue

• Conformity

• Dissonance

• Resistance and Immersion

• Introspection

• Integrative Awareness

White Racial Awareness

• Helms’ White Racial Identity Theory

• Status– Contact

– Disintegration

– Reintegration

– Pseudo-Independence

– Immersion/Emersion

– Autonomy

Intercultural Sensitivity

• Bennett’s DMIS

• Looks at reactions to cultural differences & fostering intercultural sensitivity– Denial

– Defense

– Minimization

– Acceptance

– Adaptation

– Integration

Bicultural & Multi-Ethnic Identity Development

• Exposure and experiences with two or more cultures and heritages

• Several theories– LaFramboise

• Develop knowledge of both cultures and a positive belief of oneself

• Focus: Navigate 2 cultures

Continued

– Poston• Acknowledge and identify struggles with

bi/multicultural development

• Address issues of marginality

• Focus: Perceive value in having a multiple identity

– Kerwin-Ponterotto• View bicultural/multicultural identity development as a

life-long process

• Concept of public and private identity

• Focus: Continued exploration of both cultures