Civil WarCivil WarChapter 11Chapter 11

Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan

3 Part Union 3 Part Union (Northern) Strategy to (Northern) Strategy to winwin Blockade Southern Blockade Southern

PortsPorts Split the Confederacy Split the Confederacy

in two at Mississippiin two at Mississippi Capture the Capture the

Confederate capital at Confederate capital at Richmond, VARichmond, VA

Fort Sumter: First shots of the Civil Fort Sumter: First shots of the Civil War fired at Charleston HarborWar fired at Charleston Harbor

South’s PlanSouth’s Plan

Bull RunBull Run

First battle of the warFirst battle of the war 25 miles outside 25 miles outside

Washington, DC.Washington, DC. Won by Confederate Won by Confederate

(SOUTH) General (SOUTH) General Stonewall JacksonStonewall Jackson ““Stood as a stone wall Stood as a stone wall

in battle”in battle”

Soldier’s LifeSoldier’s Life

Field HospitalField Hospital

George McClellanGeorge McClellan

Led the Union ArmyLed the Union Army Made many fatal Made many fatal

errorserrors Lincoln fired him after Lincoln fired him after

Antietam in 1863Antietam in 1863

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

Replaced McClellanReplaced McClellan Led the Union forces Led the Union forces

throughout the throughout the remainder of the Civil remainder of the Civil WarWar

Favored “Total War”Favored “Total War”

ShilohShiloh

Union VictoryUnion Victory TennesseeTennessee Confederate troops Confederate troops

surprised Union surprised Union troops at dawntroops at dawn

Shiloh taught both Shiloh taught both sides to prepare, sides to prepare, scout and dig scout and dig trenches for trenches for protectionprotection Video available

The War at SeaThe War at Sea

Monitor: North’s Monitor: North’s Ironclad ShipIronclad Ship Splinter wooden ships, Splinter wooden ships,

resist burningresist burning

MerrimackMerrimack 1862 engaged the 1862 engaged the

Monitor: battle was a Monitor: battle was a drawdraw

End of wooden End of wooden warshipswarships

The Union NavyThe Union Navy

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

Confederate Confederate CommanderCommander

Opposed to Opposed to secessionsecession

Loyal to VirginiaLoyal to Virginia Brilliant LeaderBrilliant Leader

AntietamAntietam

Bloodiest single day Bloodiest single day battle of Civil Warbattle of Civil War

26,000 casualties26,000 casualties Standoff, South Standoff, South

retreated to Virginiaretreated to Virginia

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Pres. Lincoln freed Pres. Lincoln freed slaves in the slaves in the ConfederacyConfederacy

Did NOT apply to Did NOT apply to areas under Union areas under Union controlcontrol

Life during the Civil warLife during the Civil war

Writ of Habeas Writ of Habeas Corpus suspendedCorpus suspended

13,000 Confederate 13,000 Confederate Sympathizers jailedSympathizers jailed

Copperheads: Copperheads: Northerners who Northerners who wanted peace with wanted peace with the Souththe South

Many were jailedMany were jailed

Women’s rolesWomen’s roles

Life in the South Life in the South

ConscriptionConscription

Drafting of civilians to serve in armyDrafting of civilians to serve in army ““Rich Man’s War”Rich Man’s War” Could pay for someone to replace you in Could pay for someone to replace you in

armyarmy Planters with 20 or more slaves did not Planters with 20 or more slaves did not

have to servehave to serve

Lincoln’s View on SlaveryLincoln’s View on Slavery

Disliked slaveryDisliked slavery Fed gov’t did not have the power to end Fed gov’t did not have the power to end

slavery where it existedslavery where it existed MAIN OBJECTIVEMAIN OBJECTIVE

SAVE THE UNION!!SAVE THE UNION!! Wanted free blacks to stay in the South Wanted free blacks to stay in the South

because they would take northern jobsbecause they would take northern jobs

African AmericansAfrican Americans

10% of Union Army10% of Union Army High death rateHigh death rate Slave resistanceSlave resistance

SabotageSabotage Breaking plowsBreaking plows Whites afraid of slave Whites afraid of slave

revoltsrevolts 5454thth Massachusetts Massachusetts

Battle Battery WagnerBattle Battery Wagner Fought with valor and Fought with valor and

couragecourage 11stst into battle into battle

RegionsRegions

SOUTHSOUTH Lack of manpowerLack of manpower Union occupationUnion occupation Loss of slavesLoss of slaves

NORTHNORTH Economic GrowthEconomic Growth Making weaponsMaking weapons ManufacturingManufacturing

Income Tax: first tax Income Tax: first tax needed to pay for the needed to pay for the warwar

Clara BartonClara Barton

Union NurseUnion Nurse ““Angel of the Angel of the

Battlefield”Battlefield” Red CrossRed Cross

AndersonvilleAndersonville

Worst Confederate Worst Confederate PrisonPrison

33,000 Union soldiers 33,000 Union soldiers held in Georgia on 26 held in Georgia on 26 acresacres

No shelter, drank No shelter, drank from stream that was from stream that was also seweralso sewer

1/3 died1/3 died

Gettysburg!Gettysburg!

1863: Lee invades the 1863: Lee invades the NorthNorth

Fights the Army of the Fights the Army of the PotomacPotomac

TURNING POINT: South TURNING POINT: South would never again invade would never again invade the Norththe North

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

Cemetery Dedication: Cemetery Dedication: Lincoln’s most Lincoln’s most famous speechfamous speech

Chancellorsville Chancellorsville

Lee out fought Union Lee out fought Union forces and the Union forces and the Union retreatedretreated

Stonewall Jackson Stonewall Jackson shot by “friendly fire”shot by “friendly fire”

Died of pneumoniaDied of pneumonia

Sherman’s March Sherman’s March

Total WarTotal War Union destroyed the Union destroyed the

South: Military and South: Military and CiviliansCivilians

Burned AtlantaBurned Atlanta Marched North Marched North

toward Richmond, VAtoward Richmond, VA

Destruction in the SouthDestruction in the South

VicksburgVicksburg

TURNING POINT!TURNING POINT! Grant outflanked city Grant outflanked city

for 6 weeksfor 6 weeks Cut off Confederate Cut off Confederate

suppliessupplies

Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House

End of war: Richmond End of war: Richmond evacuatedevacuated

Lee’s trapped army Lee’s trapped army surrenders to Gen. surrenders to Gen. GrantGrant

End of the WarEnd of the War

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

Kills Pres. Lincoln five days after the war Kills Pres. Lincoln five days after the war endedended

Ford’s TheaterFord’s Theater Shot while fleeing VirginiaShot while fleeing Virginia Lincoln: first president to be assassinated Lincoln: first president to be assassinated

A Nation MournsA Nation Mourns

1313thth Amendment Amendment Freed the slaves and Freed the slaves and

began Reconstructionbegan Reconstruction