Oakland Raiders

Oakland Raiders

Original Raiders

Original Raiders

Civil War Blockade: Anaconda Plan

Civil War Blockade: Anaconda Plan

World War I Blockade

Battle of the Atlantic

1939 - 1945

Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945

• Allies: British and American shipping

• Nazi Germany: U-boats (Unterseeboot or undersea boats, or submarines) attacked the Allied shipping.

Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945

Sept. 1939 toMay 1940• German had success

with U-boats (submarines) in WWI.

• British ships lacked adequate escorts.

• Hitler avoided attacking ships of neutral nations.

• The US was officially neutral.

June 1940 toMarch 1941• After Germany defeated

France and Norway, the Germans used French and Norwegian ports.

• German U-boats traveled in “wolf packs” to maximize attacks.

• Late 1940 was known as “the happy time” for German U-boats.

April 1941 toDec. 1941• The British added more

escorts.• The British improved

their radar systems.• The Americans began

assisting the British, but still remained officially neutral.

• Germans were still commanding the sea.

Jan. 1942 toJuly 1942• The US entered the war

against the Axis Powers (Germany, Japan, Italy).

• American Navy was preoccupied with the Pacific (Japan), not the Atlantic (Germany).

• An effective convoy system was not yet in place.

Aug. 1942 toMay 1943• American escorting

improved.• Shipping losses moved

away from areas nearest USA.

• Allied code-breaking and radar improved.

• Germans could not replace lost U-boats fast enough to keep up.

June 1943 toMay 1945• After mid-1943, German

U-boats became less of a threat.

• Long-range scout planes improved.

• The Portuguese allowed the Azores to be used as an Allied airbase.

• In 1944, the “wolf pack” tactic was abandoned.

Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945Allied Shipping Losses:

• 686 Ships Lost to U-boats(out of 1,598 total lost)

• 1,698 Ships lost to U-boats (out of 2,563 total lost)

• 208 Ships lost to U-boats(out of 265 total lost)

• 235 Ships lost to U-boats(out of 396 total lost)

German U-Boat Losses:

• 37 U-boats lost– 22 Operational U-boats left

• 154 U-boats lost– 210 Operational U-boats left

• 145 U-boats lost– 200 Operational U-boats left

• 457 U-boats lost– 160 Operational U-boats left

Sept. 39 March 41

April 41 March 43

April 43 Sept. 43

Oct. 43 May 45

Battle of the Atlantic Summary

• What is a U-boat?

• What did Germany use its U-boats for?

• How did the Battle of the Atlantic end?

Battle of the Atlantic Summary

• What is a U-boat?A U-boat is an undersea boat, or submarine.

• What did Germany use its U-boats for?The Germans attacked ships bringing supplies from USA to its allies (UK and USSR).

• How did the Battle of the Atlantic end?The Allies used armed convoys, built increasing numbers of ships, and destroyed U-boats faster than the Germans could replaced them.