CLASS 13

Approach 3:

Beyond ‘g’

Spearman says g underliesall intelligence

But we all know someone who…..

Most people think and some researchers agree that:

Intelligence is more than ‘g’, as evaluated by standard tests

Paradox ?

Everyone believes that some people are more intelligent than others

But everyone believes that they are above average

Statisticians say impossible !

Psychologists say no paradox

Dunning solves the paradox:

Our personal definitions ensure that we are above average

What other definitions have a legitimate basis?

Gardner’s multiple intelligences

TRADITIONAL Logical-mathematical Linguistic

Spatial Inter-personal (social) CONTROVERSIAL Intra-personal Musical

Kinesthetic Naturalist

Spiritual

Gardner’s latest

Replaced Spiritual intelligence with:

Existential intelligence

Moral intelligence

Here are some recent nominees:

Which type of intelligence does each have?

Albert Einstein

Logical-mathematicalintelligence

Oprah

Winfrey

Interpersonalintelligence

Gary Kasparov

Spatial intelligence

Eminem

Linguistic intelligence

Sigmund Freud

Intra-personal Intelligence

Sidney Crosby

Kinesthetic intelligence

Mahatma Ghandi

Spiritual intelligence

David Suzuki

Naturalist intelligence

But where is creativity?

Suggestions for other intelligences?

Critique of Gardner’s approach

Mostly subjective opinion

Many of the intelligences are too vague to be measured

Without measures, no practical value yet

Cynical view: everyone needs to feel intelligent and Gardner just wants to make us all happy

Empirical components

Spearman (1 = g)Wechsler (2)Cattell (2)Thurstone (7)Guilford (120)

Scholastic aptitude

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) – 3 subscales (math, reading, writing)

Graduate Record Exam (GRE) -- 3

LSAT, MCAT, GMAT (2-3 subscales)

Thurstone’s 7 Primary Abilities

Vocabulary

Spatial

Verbal fluency

Perceptual scanning

Problem solving

Arithmetic

Memory

F

M

F

F

M

F

=

Why sex differences?

Nature: Brain differences ?

Nurture: sex roles ?

e.g. spatial ability

Sex differences in GRE

Verbal – females

Math – males

Analytic (being phased out) – males

Essay (new) – females

Sex differences in g

No sex differences on Stanford-Binet

Coincidence ?

Summary

Several empirical components are reliably distinguished

Many conceptual intelligences not yet measured

Traditional sex differences are diminishing but still evident

Emotional Intelligence

Being good at perceiving, understanding, and expressing emotions

More important than IQ?

But how to measure?

One approach is to test ability to judge emotions accurately.

Q: What emotion?

A: Sadness, as judged by the person who made the drawing

Q: what emotion?

A: grief:

-as judged by

consensus based on

context

A: Surprise

-- based on instructions to pose.

Q: what emotion is aroused?

A: inspiration : as judged by emotion experts

Q: What emotion?

A: the joy of using Play Station 3,

as judged by the manufacturer.

Critique of EQ

Difficult to evaluate emotion accuracy

Self-reports are dubious

Is emotional intelligence something else?