SMJE 3143

Communication Electronics

Prof. Dr. Yoshihide Yamada

Dr. Fauzan Bin Ahmad

MJIIT, UTM

Department of ESE

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Text

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Course Curriculum Week 1 Introduction and overview Communication systems, Analogue transmission, Digital transmission Week 2 Analysis of signal waveform Periodic signals, Sine-wave signals, Complex sine-wave, Fourier series expansion, Week 3 Fourier transform, Linear systems, Filters, Convolution integral Week 4 Amplitude modulation principle. Modulated time varying waveforms and spectrum Week 5 Concept of angle modulation, Frequency Modulation Spectrum of frequency-modulated signals, Met.hods for FM demodulation, Week 6 Analog Trainer (AM, FM) ASG

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Course Carriculum

Week 7

TEST 1

Week 8

Digital communication system

Sampling, Sampling theorem, Concept of ASK, PSK, FSK and QPSK

Week 9

Noise, bit error rate. Calculation method of communication quality.

Week 10 Mid-Semester Break

Week 11

Multiplex communication systems

Time-division multiplexing, Frequency-division multiplexing

Code-division multiplexing (CDMA)

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Week 12

Radio communication system designing method

Week 13

Digital Trainer (ASK, PSK),

ASG

Week 14

TEST 2

Week 15

Revision Week and Final Examination

FINAL EXAM

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Course Carriculum

Week 1

Introduction and overview Communication systems, Analogue transmission, Digital transmission

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Telephone Networks

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Fixed Telephone 2 wire copper cable to carrierModuler -48V DC is supplied from telephone station

Wires are shorted when off hook the handset

Switching system is initiated - Send dial tone to the terminal - Waiting for dial signal

Send dial signal to station - DP: Pulse dialing, PB: Two tone dialing,

ISDN, Mobile phone: Digital Data

Full duplex on one pair copper wire (2 wire system) - No amplifier for voice, Carbon microphone has amplification function,

Balance transformer for duplex

Time

Frequency

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Exchange (Switching)

Dial number required

Call blocking at trunk line

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Number of Circuits

=N(N-1)/2 Number of Circuits

= N (Long Line)

Trunk Exchange

Number of Circuits

= N(Short) + Trunk Line

Central Exchange Terminal Exchange

Trunk Line Tool Switch Tool Switch

Switching Board

Cenral Switch

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Signaling (Common Channel Signaling)

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Common Channel Signaling

Circuit Switching

Usage Based Charge

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Signaling of Mobile Communication

Area Code registration to Home Location Register(HLR) Detect Area Code from MBS broadcast Messaging and Registration to HLR

Call to destination MT Dialling, Inquire MT location,

BSBSCMSC

BSCBSMSC

HLR

Authentication

Dialling Call Request

Call Request

Inquire MT Location

Channel

Request

Paging Area Notification

Authentication

Call Request

Answer Message

Voice Communication

Internet Protocol

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Basic Configuration of Internet

E-Mail, Web browsing on TCP/IP protocol

DNS: Domain Name System

Correspondent

PC

Destination PC

Internet

Mail Server Mail Server

Mail

WWW Server

SNMP

Simple

Network Mail

Protocol

POP3

Post Office

Protocol

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Domain Name and IP address

Domain Name (roms.comm.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp) Address (Jalan Semarak, UTM IC, KL, Malaysia)

IP Address (133.1.144.132) ZIP code (54100)

DNS (Domain Name System) ZIP Address Table

Top Level Domain (TLD)

(Primary, Secondary)

Japanese

domain

name

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IP packet (Data-garam)

Subnet Subnet

Defort Gateway

Defort Gateway

Router

Frame Structure of Data-garam

Destination IP address is indicated in the header of packet

- Contention, Packet Loss : Best Effort, ARQ: Automatic Repeat-Request

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Header Types Layer3 Layer4

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Network Topology

Star+Trunk Topology

(Long Line)

Mesh Topology

(Internet etc.)

Star Topology (Access Line)

-Central Switching -Guaranty Mode -Flat rate

-Trunk Relay Switching -Guaranty Mode -Metered Rate

-Best Effort: Contention (ARQ) -Distributed Switching (Large Delay) -Flat rate (Difficulty of charge count)

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OSI 7 Layer Model

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Analog & Digital

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Analog & Digital

Analog

Digital

Additive Noise in Transmission Line

Regenerate original signal w/o Noise

Cannot reject noise

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Analog to Digital Convert

Sampling Max4kHz for Telephone

= 8 ksps

Quantize 8 bits =2^8 = 256 level

00000001, 00001001, .., 00000001

Analog waveform

8 bits Coding

Digital waveform

Max 4kHz for Telephone = 8 ksps

8 bits x 8 ksps =64k bps 21

Quantum Noise

4 bits Quantization (Q=4)

8 bits Quantization (Q=8)

Quantization Step Width

Sinusoidal wave

( Ex. 16 bits, SNR= 6.02X16 = 96.3 dB )

Linear Coding

1/28 = 1/256

1/24 = 1/16

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Communication Link Model

Source Coding

Channel Coding

Source Decoding

Channel Decoding

Source Coding

Modulation

Information Decoding

Demodulation

Compression (JPEG,MPEG)

Encryption, etc

Gray Code, Error Correction Nyquist rolloff Bi-Phase, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, etc

AM, FM ASK, PSK, QAM TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA, etc

Analog Transmission (Wired)

Digital Transmission (Wired)

Wireless Transmission

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Compression (JPEG,MPEG)

Encryption, etc

Gray Code, Error Correction Nyquist rolloff Bi-Phase, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, etc

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Exercise 1) What is the difference of Dial Pulse (DP) and Push Button (PB) in telephone dialing

system

2) Show the topology of the following networks, and describe the features, such as advantage & disadvantage. (a) Star Networks (b) Trunk Networks (c) Mesh Networks

3) Where the following protocols exist in the OSI layer number? TCP, IP, UDP, HDLC, MAC, CSMA-CD, CSMA-CA, Ethernet, SMTP, HTTP, POP3, SIP

4) What is the difference between analogue and digital communication and show advantage and disadvantage

5) Maximum frequency of Voice and Music are 4kHz and 22kHz, respectively.

(a) What should be the sampling rates per second for each signal?

(b) If the signal to quantum noise voltage ratios for voice and music are 45dB and 95 dB respectively, what should be the required bits per sample for each media.

(c) What are the required transmission bit rates per second to reproduce voice and music at the remote site.

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