conferencia magistral robert kobet
TRANSCRIPT
Green Buildings Around the World A Look at the Green Building Movement
Technologico de MonterreyCampus Queretaro
Thursday, April 7, 2011
Robert J. Kobet, AIA, LEED Faculty
President, The Kobet CollaborativePittsburgh, PA and Coconut Grove, FL
www.thekobetcollaborative.com
Bedouin Tent Tanja Toraja, Indonesia
Raiu Archipeligo?Santorini, Greece
Green Buildings?
Igloo, Artic Circle
Pittsburgh Civic Arena
DRS Architects 1961
Variations on a theme:
What defines green?
Who defines green?
Very Green!
Less Green?
Not green at all
Ten Smart Growth Principles
1. Insist on rights of humanity and nature to co-exist
2. Recognize interdependence.
3. Respect relationships between spirit and matter.
4. Accept responsibility for the consequences of design.
5. Create safe objects of long-term value.
6. Eliminate the concept of waste.
7. Rely on natural energy flows.
8. Understand the limitations of design.
9. Seek constant improvement by the sharing of knowledge.
The Hannover PrinciplesBill McDonough and Partners
Prepared for EXPO 2000 The Hannover World’s Fair
LEED and the LEED ChecklistIs it comprehensive?
Is it appropriate?
How is it being received in
other countries?
Copyright © 2009 Morgan Environments, Sustainassance, MDC. LEED Rating system copyright USGBC. All rights reserved.
There are Different Points of View and Tools
BEE - Building Environmental Efficiency
United Kingdom
BREAM - BRE Environmental Assessment Method
United Kingdom
LEED - Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design
US and other Countries
Green Star
Australia
CASBEE – Comprehensive Assessment System
for Building Environmental Efficiency
Japan
There are Different Points of View and ToolsAnd different degrees of difficulty!
Building Environmental Efficiency Calculation Method
Baima Canal
500 meters long
12,000 pe
(City Average: 8,000 pe/km)
Fuzhou, China
Baimi Canal RestorationJohn Todd, Ecological Design
Ocean Arks International, 2002
Green gestures amongst green buildings can be very
significant.
Village Homes Davis, CA. Michael and Judy Corbett 1964 - 70
Village Homes Davis, CA. Michael and Judy Corbett
Village Homes Davis, CA. Michael and Judy Corbett
Village Homes Davis, CA. Michael and Judy Corbett
Village Homes Davis, CA. Michael and Judy Corbett
Curitiba, Brazil
Sustainable Urban Design
Jaime Lerner, 1965 - 92
Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright
Bear Run, PA 1935
NMB Bank, Amsterdam Alberts en van Huut Architects, 1987
NMB Bank, Amsterdam Alberts en van Huut Architects, 1987
Nike European Headquarters
Hilversum, The Netherlands
William McDonough and Partners, 1999
The Lewis Center, Oberlin College William McDonough and Partners January 2000
The Lewis Center, Oberlin College William McDonough and Partners January 2000
Pittsburgh Convention CenterRaphael Vinoly 2002
Vancouver, BC Convention Centre West
LMN Architects, 2009
LEED Platinum
Rwanda
Central Rwanda
LEED™ v2.1 SILVER
2005 Certification
Owner: Poudre School DistrictCompletion Date: August 2004 Cost: $38,500,000 ($135.37/SF, bldg + site)Size: 288,685 SFAnnual Utilities Savings: $110,000+ /yr
“Building a LEED certified school is the right thing to do, the right thing to teach kids, and the right message to send to
the community. And it doesn’t cost more.” Michael Spearnak
Poudre School District
Fossil Ridge High SchoolFort Collins, CO
Sustainable Sites
• 1930’s farm bldg now equipment storage
• PSD & City of Ft.Collins share ballfields
• Soccer field is recycled turf material
• White, reflective roof lessens heat island
•Xeriscaping and bio-swales throughout site
Fossil Ridge Site Plan
Water Efficiency
•Native plantings established with efficient irrigation system
•Water conservation charrette by project team benefited many regional projects
• Low-flow plumbing fixtures for showers + sinks
Fossil Ridge High SchoolFort Collins, CO
Energy and Atmosphere
•Energy use – 59% below ASHRAE 90.1
•Thermal ice storage HVAC system
•60% of required light levels achieved with daylight
•Sensors in operable windows halt HVAC flow
•5.2 kW PV system located at main entry
•Wind energy purchased for 100% of electrical use
Fossil Ridge High SchoolFort Collins, CO
Daylighting Study Diagram
Materials and Resources
• Over 50% of project materials manufactured regionally
• 17% of project materials comprised of recycled content
• 70% of construction waste diverted from landfills
• Gymnasium floor – wood from a Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified sustainable forest
Fossil Ridge High SchoolFort Collins, CO
Indoor Environmental Quality
•Daylighting has an immediate, positive impact on occupants
•Non-toxic school – Low-VOC & no-VOC products used
• PSD implemented a district-wide green cleaning program
•Two week building flush out prior to occupancy
Fossil Ridge High SchoolFort Collins, CO
Innovations/Lessons Learned
•Hosts Green School conferences and on–going tours
•Highlighted in numerous green building videos and articles
•Green Schools do not have to cost more than conventional buildings –must employ effective integrated design
Fossil Ridge High School
Fort Collins, CO
Case Study by Kristi Barnes, Dan Hady & Brian Dunbar CSU Institute for the Built Environment
Design Team:Architect: RB+B ArchitectsGeneral Contractor: Haselden ConstructionDaylighting Consultant: Rocky Mtn. InstituteLEED Consultant: Inst. for the Built Envir’mtLandscape Arch: BHA DesignCommissioning: Architectural Energy Corp.Energy Modeling: EMC Engineers
All photography by David Paterson
Case Study paid for by the USGBC Colorado Chapter with support from Xcel Energy Foundation
For more information on Green Building & LEED: USGBC – Colorado Chapter www.usgbccolorado.org
HSBC Bank
Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City
HOK Architects 2007 LEED Gold
IntertekMexico City
AROS Fukuoka, Fukuoka City, Japan
Beijing Olympics
The Bird’s Nest
The Cube or the “Bubble”
The Micro Energy Building
March 30, 2006
Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the Green Olympics
2008
Compressed Earth Bricks•Made on site with
local soil
•10% cement
• Load Bearing
and structural
•Natural and non-
toxic
•Traditional- used
to build the Great
Wall
March 30, 2006Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the Green Olympics
2008
Solar Greenhouses with Earth
Walls in Ching Hai Province China
March 30, 2006
Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the
Green Olympics 2008
Earth Brick Thermal Mass
Earth
Brick
Earth Brick thermal mass
with insulation outside
stabilizes indoor temperature.
It absorbs solar heat from the
Greenhouse in winter to
warm the building at night
and cloudy days. In summer
it keeps the building cool
Soy Foam
March 30, 2006
Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the
Green Olympics 2008
GE PV SystemPV system and solar
water heating system is
integrated into the roof
glass system
March 30, 2006
Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the
Green Olympics 2008
Solar Heated and Ground Water
Cooled Radiant Mass Walls•PEX tube is cast in all the
mass walls and floors
•Solar hot water is circulated
to the walls and floors in
winter
•Cool water from a ground
water heat exchanger
circulates through the walls in
summer for cooling
•Ceiling fans in each room
provide additional cooling
•Humidity is controlled by a
desiccant dehumidifier
March 30, 2006 Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the
Green Olympics 2008
Rain Water and Compost Toilet
System•Rain Water collected from
roof and stored
•Filtered and sanitized with
UV
•City water back up
•Sink water (grey water)
filtered in Plant Bed Filters
in the Greenhouse
•Grey water used to flush
0.5 litre toilets
•Toilets flush to composter
to make fertilizer
March 30, 2006
Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the
Green Olympics 2008
Winter Garden School Rainwater Collection
Potential
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
Jan
Feb Mar A
pr
May Ju
nJu
lAug
Sep
tOct
Nov
Dec
Lit
res
Beijing Rainfall
•Clean rain water is
collected from roof and
stored in a large
underground tank
• From 2335 litres in
January to 168174
litres in August can be
collected from the roof
•Rain water could
supply most of the
water all year with a
large storage tank
Rain Water
Collection
Potential
March 30, 2006Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the Green Olympics
2008
Grey Water Filtration in
Passive Solar Greenhouse
Clear Clean Water Out
•Sink water filters through
plant bed filters in the
greenhouse.
•Pre treatment filter
removes grease and hair
•Plants and microbes in
the soil absorb and filter
toxins
•Naturally cleans water as
in a wetland
•Clean clear water is
used to flush the 0.5 litre
toilets
March 30, 2006
Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the
Green Olympics 2008
Composting Toilet System
•Low flush toilets and waterless urinals move
waste to composting chamber in the basement
•Composting chamber is ventilated to promote
aerobic bacteria that digest the waste naturally
•Dry, odorless compost is removed once per
year and used in the landscaping
March 30, 2006
Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the
Green Olympics 2008
Compost Toilet compared to Conventional
Sewage SystemCompost system
•Low water
•Low energy
•Non polluting
•Decentralized
•Completes the biological
cycle
Conventional Sewage
System
•High water use
•High energy for pumping
•Polluting- Nitrate runoff to
rivers…
•Requires large infrastructure
March 30, 2006
Developed under the
US/China Cooperation on the
Green Olympics 2008
In Vancouver, British Columbia, a 2787 sq. meter office complex, utilizes
composting toilets and urinals for human waste disposal. The new building,
which houses The Institute of Asian Research, is not connected to the city's
sewer system. As well, a subsurface, grey water recycling system with phragmite
(tall grasses) plant varieties, cleanses the grey water which is then used for on-
site irrigation.
Giao Investment Group
Sustainable Design and Development Observations and Recommendations
Guilin Olympic City.
Joe Huang, PE
President
White Box Technologies, Inc.
346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 108D
Moraga, CA 94556
www.whiteboxtechnologies.com
Robert J. Kobet, AIA, LEED Faculty
CEO
The Kobet Collaborative
2951 South Bayshore Drive, Unit 913
Coconut Grove, FL 33133
www.bobkobet.com
(o) 412-661-5410 (c) 412-980-9725(o) (925)388-0265 (c) (510)928-2683
Locate in or near existing development and transit
Avoid endangering sensitive natural areas (i.e.,
wetlands, critical wildlife habitat)
Not fragment habitat
Minimize impact on agricultural land
Guilin Olympic City Pattern and Design
The design of Olympic City should:
The design of Olympic City should:
Consider how people connect to place and to
one another
Provide shared public spaces
Locate housing nearby goods and services
Connect walkable streets to public transit
Olympic City Pattern and Design
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Design should respond to microclimate condition – available solar energy, prevailing winds,
and seasonal variations in rainfall, temperature and relative humidity.
The hydrology and geology of the site should be analyzed for it’s ability to provide potable
water, absorb storm water and support the the use of geothermal space conditioning systems.
The existing agricultural uses should be integrated into the new town development.
Community gardens can benefit from recycled waste water and composting organic waste.
All development should respect local water ways and wildlife habitat.
Buffer zones between development and water ways should be designed to minimize
impact on water ways while providing biodiversity and propagation of native plants.
Managing regional and community
water systems can support agri-
business enterprises like
aquaculture. Local food and jobs
are created while maintaining
superior water quality.
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Regional and local wind regimes should be analyzed to determine the feasibility
The hydrology and geology of the site should be analyzed for it’s ability to provide potable
water, absorb storm water and support the the use of geothermal space conditioning systems.
The existing agricultural uses should be integrated into the new town development.
Community gardens can benefit from recycled waste water and composting organic waste.
All development should respect local water ways and wildlife habitat.
Buffer zones between development and water ways should be designed to minimize
impact on water ways while providing biodiversity and propagation of native plants.
New town developments lend
themselves to large scale
applications of renewable
energy systems
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Develop greenways as pedestrian paths using native plants and permeable paving of
recycled content.
Consider the use of living (green) roofs as part of the storm water management
strategy. Occupants can also enjoy the roof top environment
Playing surfaces can be permeable materials with recycled content.
Use integrated pest management to minimize the use of chemicals. Landscape with
native plants and species that provide food.
5 Use permeable paving materials to minimize the need for and size of civil infrastructure.
Use light colored paving materials to minimize the urban heat island effect.
Use light colored permeable
paving materials and native
plants
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Consider using the roof tops as habitable space. Base color of roofing materials on
whether the units can benefit from light or dark colors.
Orientation of buildings should enable the effective use of solar energy systems. East / west
axis should be within 20° of true south. Roof slope should be same as latitude.
Exterior balconies can be effective buffer spaces if they are design to open up and close
down with the seasons.
Water features should be part on an integrated waste water / storm water management
system. They can also be used for irrigation.
Water features can be part of the pest management strategy and can be used for
aquaculture. Avoid the use of chemical treatments in water features.
Green roofs have multiple benefits
such as storm water management,
increased green space and food
production.
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Building orientation should enable the efficient use of photovoltaic and solar thermal
energy systems for space conditioning and water heating.
Balconies on the south south of the buildings can serve as shading devices. They
can also be designed as buffer spaces if they can be fully opened and closed in.
Outside spaces are used more often if fitted with insect screens.
Landscaping should be done with indigenous plants, minimize turf monocultures, and
avoid the use of toxic herbicides and insecticides.
Project lighting should be done with energy efficient lamps and fixtures that do not contribute to
light pollution. Dark sky design conditions are best.
Use energy efficient site lighting with full cut off.
There are many solar powered site lighting
equipment choices.
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Orient the building within 20° of true south. Use this surface to mount solar energy collectors.
Optimize the building envelope using computer modeling. Balance daylighting, vision glazing
and energy performance. Provide kinetic shading devices to control over heating and glare.
Provide roofing material with a high solar reflective index (SRI). Penetrate roof with skylights or
light tubes as required to optimize daylighting. Use rain water harvesting to recharge water
conserving plumbing fixtures, irrigation of service water.
Use light colored, pervious paving material with high recycled content.
Use native plants as much as possible. Avoid toxic herbicides and pesticides. Implement a
development wide composting program and distribute compost on community gardens.
Design buildings to integrate solar
energy systems or anticipate
future applications.
Integrated PV
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Roof systems should be designed for rainwater harvesting and the installation of
solar energy systems.
Exterior shading devices can be used to support living walls. These features are very
effective for glare control and shading when placed on east and west elevations. The have
less value when placed on the north elevation.
Building envelope performance should be optimized using computer modeling. Quality
construction is necessary to insure the buildings perform as anticipated.
Glazing choices should be made using computer modeling to balance daylighting,
thermal performance, reduced air infiltration and cost.
Living walls can be used to
provide shade, food and habitat.