copyright © allyn and bacon 2003 1emotion interaction of four components 1. physiological arousal...
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11Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003
EmotionEmotion
• Interaction of four components• 1. physiological arousal• 2. subjective feelings• 3. cognitive interpretation• 4. behavioral expression
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Core Concept 9-1Core Concept 9-1
• Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others.
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Evolution of EmotionsEvolution of Emotions
• Survival value--emotions help in coping with important recurring situations:• approach positive situations or people
(example: love)• avoid negative or dangerous situations or
people (example: fear)
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Emotional CommunicationEmotional Communication
• Display rules--permissible ways of expressing emotions in a particular society.
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Counting EmotionsCounting Emotions
• more than 500 emotion words in English language• seven or eight basic emotions• complex emotions-blends of
basic emotions
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The Emotion WheelThe Emotion Wheel
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Core Concept 9-2Core Concept 9-2
• Two distinct brain pathways connect the biological structures involved in emotions.
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Biological Basis of EmotionsBiological Basis of Emotions
• Two emotion processing systems in brain:(1) quick, automatic, unconscious system--deep brain circuits.
(2) slower, more thorough, conscious system--cortex of the brain.
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Emotional Arousal and PerformanceEmotional Arousal and Performance
• high and low arousal--low performance• moderate arousal--higher performance• may differ with task difficulty
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Emotional IntelligenceEmotional Intelligence
• Understand one’s own emotions
• Recognize other’s emotions
• Manage one’s own negative feels and curtail impulses
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Cues for Detecting DeceptionCues for Detecting Deception
• Real key--patterns of a person’s behavior over time
• Other cues in verbal and non-verbal behavior
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Guidelines for Detecting deceptionGuidelines for Detecting deception
• False information--pauses in speech and constrained movements.
• Hiding true feelings--postural shifts, speech errors, nervous gestures, shrugging.
• Face is easier to control than the body.• Eye contact--only in a typical truth-teller.
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PolygraphPolygraph
• Graphs many measures of physical arousal.
• Assumes people will display physical signs of arousal when lying.
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Core Concept 9-3Core Concept 9-3
• Motivation takes many forms, but all involve inferred mental processes that select and direct our behavior.
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MotivationMotivation
• Processes involved in starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities.
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MotivationMotivation
• connects observable behavior to internal states.
• accounts for variability in behavior.
• explains perseverance despite adversity.
• relates biological processes to behavior.
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Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic Motivation
• Desire to engage in an activity for its own sake--not for some external reward.
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Extrinsic MotivationExtrinsic Motivation
• Desire to engage in an activity to achieve external consequences or rewards.
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Conscious MotivationConscious Motivation
• Being aware of the desire to engage in an activity.
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Unconscious MotivationUnconscious Motivation
• Being consciously unaware of the desire to engage in an activity.
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Instinct TheoryInstinct Theory
• Certain behaviors are completely controlled by innate factors.
• Now called fixed-action patterns.
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Drive TheoryDrive Theory
• Biological needs produce a drive to meet that need--reduce the drive.
• Homeostasis--body’s need to maintain a balanced state.
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Cognitive TheoryCognitive Theory
• Locus of control--beliefs about the ability to control the events in our lives.
• Internal v. external locus of control
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Freud’s Psychodynamic TheoryFreud’s Psychodynamic Theory
• Motivation comes from the id in the unconscious mind.
• Two basic desires• Eros-desire for sex• Thanatos-desire
for aggression
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Maslow’s Theory of MotivationMaslow’s Theory of Motivation
• Hierarchy – needs occur in priority order
• most biological needs are most basic