darah & cairan cerebrospinal
TRANSCRIPT
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Hr) d!da2a$ a$tara p()*a d"$)+r*.
3 P(a)*a darah ad( !a"#a$ 'a#r dr
darah 4" td2 *$""*pa( *#) %
darah 4" !rada d(* )#)t+* 5a)2(+r / p+*!.darah 1 t!h
a6 darah #$ 5#tr0 4a$" )!(*$4a
d#!+r# a$t# 20a"(a$)#a / 4# )+$4a7a 4" *$'+"ah darah
*$""*pa( 1.
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3 S+r* ad( !a"#a$ 'a#r darah
4a$" *$""*pa(.
B!rapa #)t#(ah 4" p+r(d#pa*aha*# ad( %
&. H+*at02r#t / Ht 1 )+r#$" d)!t 8Pa'2+d C+(( V0(*+9/ PCV 1
ad( pr+)+$ta)+ )+( darah.
P+$+$ta$$4a d#"$a2a$ darah
4" )!(*$4a d#!r#2a$ a$t#
20a"(a$)#a.
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. La: +$dap darah / LED 1 4# %
K+'+pata$ p$"+$dapa$ )+(
darah d(* 7a2t )at :a*. P+$$ta$ LED :" d#"$a2a$
darah 4" )!(*$4a d!r#2a$ a$t#
20a"(a$)#a.
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Komposisi darah
K0*p0)#)# darah →
(#hat d#a"ra* &.
K0*p0$+$ 4" (art d(* p(a)*a darah !rpa %
3 E$;#* %
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a(2a(#,"(ta*at p#r5at
tra$)a*#$a)+, "(ta*at
02)a(0a)+tat,Tra$)a*#$a)+ d((. 3 NPN % N0$ pr0t+#$ $#tr0"+$
/r+a,a)a* rat, 2r+at#$, a)a*
a*#$0 1.
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3 G(20)a % 3 pr0t+#$ / a(!*#$, "(0!(#$,
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a. M2a$a$ 4" d#!a7a dr *20)a )) a6 d#a$"2t 2+ :ar. 4a$"
**+r(2a$$4a.
!. H0r*0$ dr 2+(. +$d02r#$ 2+
)+( tar"+t.
'. M+ta!0(#t 2+ a(at +2)2r+)# )prt# "#$:a(, par - (a#$$4a.
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. A)p+2 p+$"atra$
3 M+$"atr pH darah a6 *$"atr 2+)+#*!a$"a$ a)a*
!a)a d(* t!h.
3 M+$"atr 2+)+#*!a$"a$ C.
t!h a$tara darah d"$ :ar.
)2#tar$4a. 3 M+$"atr )h t!h t+tap
$0r*a(, => ? =@ ⁰ C.
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=. A)p+2 p+$'+"aha$
M+$'+"ah tr:d$4a p+rdaraha$
!r(!#ha$ d"$ ada$4a )#)t+*p$""*pa(a$ drah pd )aat
tr:d$4a (2a 2+'+(a2aa$.
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. A)p+2 p+rtaha$a$
M*p+rtha$2a$ trhdp #$
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PLASMA.
50 – 60 Vol % 8,9 %
SOLID 8,9 %
BD 1,026 VISKOSITAS 1,7 – 2
Tek. Osmo!k 25 мм"# $ P &7⁰' 7,6 ATM (
)" 7,&& – 7,51 $ *++ 7,- (
DAA" $ ++/ ole loo (
6 – 8 % * BB ++/ 66 – 78 ml 3 k# BB
BD 1,0601 V!skos!+s &,6 – 5,&
)" 7,&& – 7,51 $ *++ 7,- (
S4L DAA"
-0 -5 Vol %
TOMBOSIT 200.000 – -00.000 3 MM , D!+mee* 2,5μ
L4KOSIT 5000 – 10.000 3 MM T*!*! * A:LOSIT, LIM;OSIT, MOOSIT
4ITOSIT -.500.000 – 6.000.000 3 MM
B4B4T:K 'AKAM BIKOKA; DIAM4T4 6 9μ
BD < 1.090
SOLID < &5 %
" < &1 && %
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Protein darah
T0ta( pr0t+#$ p(a)*a darah %
@ ? @, d"$ ra)#0 a(!*#$ %
"(0!(#$ &, % &,.
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P+*#)aha$ pr0t, d#(a22a$ d"$'ara %
&. 8 Sa(t#$" 0t 8
D"$ **!+r#2a$ (ar. "ara* a6
+(+2tr0(#t d"$ 2adar 4" !+r5ar#a)#.
. E(+2tr0
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trt$t *#) % +(+2tr0
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. Fra2)#$a)#
d"$ *(a22a$ pr+)#p#ta)# d#
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Sumber prot.
Plasma S*!+r pr0t. p(a)*a ad( %
&. Hat# Mrpa2a$ )*!+r
a(!*#$,pr0t0*!#$,
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Mrupakan sumber albumin,
protombin, fibrinogen, globulin alfa,
globulin beta. 2. Sel plasma & jar. limfoid mrupa-→
kan sumber gamma globulin.
Fungsi umum
prot. Darah1. Prot. Darah mrupakan “osmoti subs !
tane"
Shingga mmegang pran sbagai peng-
atur distribusi airan di antara -
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#ntra$askuler dgn jar. sekitarn%a.
Peran ini trutama diperlihatkan oleh
albumin darah.2. Sebagai sen%aa proteinat %g turut
sistem dapar darah, dgn dmikian ikut
serta dlm mmperthankan keseim !
bangan asam basa tubuh.
'. Mmpun%ai peran dlm sistem imuno !
globin, %g diperlihatkan o( gamma
globulin.
). Sbagai alat transpor *at trtntu didlm !
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darah. Mis + P retinol binding
protein /. Mntransport $it 0, tranferin
mngangkut besi, seruloplasmin mngangkut tembaga.
ELEKTROFORETROGR! PLS!
"R#
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ila kita mlakukan elektroforesis mis +
elektroforesis krtas saring trhdp
plasma drh, maka didptkan gmbaran
elektroforesis elektroforetogram /
sbb + gbr 1.
%kn%a masing fraksi prot. Darah sbgai
hasil elektroforesis trntum dlm tabel1.
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POT4I DAA" % POT. TOTAL
ALBUMIN 52 – 65
GLOBULIN 29.5 – 41.0
ALFA₁ 2.5 – 5 %
ALFA₂ 7 – 13 %
BETA 8 – 14 %
GAMMA 12 – 22 %
FIBRINOGEN 6.5
Tabel $ % K&'T(TS#S(L
ELEKTROFORES(S
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ALBUMIN
umlahn%a pling besar diantara sluruh
prot. darah, sb%ak 32 ! 435 prot. total plasma darah.
Disintesis di hati, M 6 47.888,struktur
primern%a trdr dr 418 as.amino.
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9rn jmlhn%a pling b%k & bsar
molekuln%a %g plng kil, muka
albumin trglong“osmoti substane":3 ! ;85 efek osmotik plasma/ %g
ikut mngatur distribusi airan tbuh
ingat hipotesa starling.
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brapa 'a#ra$ 4" !+r)#
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K0*p0)#)# dr 'a#ra$ t)!, tr'a$t*
d(* ta!+( .
K#ra a(!. !rada d(* )#r2(a)#.)(!#h$4a !rada +2)tra5a)2(+r d# :ar.
trta*a 0tat, 2(#t - #$t+)t#$*. L!h
2ra$" a(!*#$ *+$#$""a(2a$ drh
)t#ap :a* - d#2+*!a(#2a$ 2+ d(*
(#*
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d#a$tara$4a %
3 A). (+*a2 !+!a) tr#2at 2at 06 a(!*#$
- d#a$"2t dr hat# 2+ :ar. p+r#
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Globulin
S"t 20*p(+2), trdpt )!a"a# *0(+2( *20pr0t+#$, "(#20pr0t+#$,
(#p0pr0t+#$,"a**a "(0!(#$ d)!.
Retinal binding
rotein
Ad( #2. "(0!(#$ a(
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Trans*ortin Ad( #2ata$ "(0!(#$ a(
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Hapt0"(0!#$ trdpt = 5ar#a$ 4# t#p+ &3&,
t#p+ 3& - t#p+ 3.
Trans+erin Ad( #2. "(0!(#$ !+ta d"$ !+)#, !t2
!+)# 4" d#a$"2t d(* darah.
*. Rea,ti-e
Protein Mrpa2a$ "(0!(#$ ? !+ta 4" !+(*
d#2+tah#
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!u,oprotein
Gli,oprotein
K+da$4a *rpa2a$ "a!$"a$ pr0t. d"$ h#drat ara$". K0*p0$+$ pr0t.$4a
ad( "(0!(#$ ? a(
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B#(a 2a$d$"a$ h+2)0)a*#$$4a )a*a
a6 2ra$" dr , tr*)2 "(#20pr0t+#$
ttap# a2h#r #$# 2+da$4a d#$a*a2a$
)!"a# GLIKOSAMINOGLIKAN.
Lipoprotein Mrpa2a$ "a!$"a$ pr0t. d"$ (#p#d,
= pr0t.$4a ad( "(0!(#$ ? a(
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&. HDL /8H#"h D+$)#t4 L#p0pr0t+#$91
. LDL /8L07 D+$)#t4 L#p0pr0t+#$91
=. VLDL /8V+r4 L07 D+$)#t4
L#p0pr0t+#$91.
L#p0pr0t+#$ *rpa2a$ p$"+*!a$
(*a2 'arr#+r d(* darah.
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K0*p0)#)# *a)#$"
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(+*a2. LDL *+$#$"2at d"$ *+$#$"2at3
$4a *r ))+0ra$" !a#2 pd 1 *ap$
2. Kadar (#p0pr0t+#$ darah d#p+rtaha$
2a$ / d#atr 1 06 hat#.
Globulin 3 gamma B+rh! +rat d"$
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&. I**$0"(0!(#$ G / I" G 1, BM %
&.
. I**$0"(0!(#$ A / I" A 1, MM %
&>. - .
=. I**$0"(0!(#$ M / I" M 1, BM % .
. I**$0"(0!(#$ D / I" D, BM.
&. 1. . I**$0"(0!(#$ E / I" E 1 % BM.
&..
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Ha$4a I" G 4" d#tra$)
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Fibrinogen Ad( pra;at dr dr pr0t. t0ta( p(a)*adarah - d#!$t2 d#hat#.
P l d h
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Proses pnggumpalan darah M$rt H07+((,p$""*p(a$ drh !r(")
$" *(a(# = tahap r % &. P*!+$t2a$ tr0*!0p(a)t#$.
Tr0*!0p(a)t#$ !2$ ha$4a
*rpa2a$ )$4a7a t$""a(, ttp# (!h dr )at )+$4a7a 4" **p$4a#
a2t#5#ta) )rpa, 4# *$"2ata(#)#) r
tahap .
. Pr!aha$ pr0tr0*!#$ tr0*!#$→
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d#hat#, p*!+$t2a$ pr0t0*!#$
**+r(2a$ 5#t K.
Pr!aha$ pr0tr0*!#$ tr0*!#$,→
pr( #0$ Ca)4 tr0*!#$ 4" tr!$t2
!r)#
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F#!r#$ !rpa a$4a*a$ 4"
*$tp# (2a, )h#$""a darah t#da2 3
*$"a(#r (".S!+$ar$4a
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;AKTO AMA LAI=A
I FIBRINOGEN
II PROTROMBIN
III TROMBOPLASTIN
IV C!!
V F"#$ &'(&) P$&*+&+(,) G&$'-&(, "*+&+#$
VI
VII P$"$/+#(,) S+-/ P$#$/'(, C$,+*($, A+&+#$SPCA) $ – #$/'$&*#(,) A-#$ $#$/'(,
VIII FA. ANTI EMOFILI)AG ANTI EMOFILI GLOBULIN
I P&*/ T$/'$&*#(, C$/$,+,# PTC ) F"#$ C(*#/*
FATOR STUART PRO:ER
I PLASMA TROMBOSIT ANTECE;ENT PTA
II FATOR AGEMAN
III FATOR LAI LORAN;
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A"ti#itas tromboplastin S+$4a7a !+r)#
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8 Fa2t. Tr0*!0p(a)t#2 a6 Tr0*!0 ?
p(a)t#$0"+$a)+ 8.
=. JARINGAN Ad( )*!+r tr0*!0p(a)t#$ +2)tra ?
5a)2(+r.
Fa"$or% &g bersi'at (A. M*p+r'+pat P$""*pa(a$ Darah
&. At02ata(#)at0r Tr0*!#$
. Va)020$)tr#2)# 06 % a. R+
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!. P+$+2a$a$ *a))a "*pa(a$
d#da+rah (2a.
'. P(+pa)a$ )+r0t0$#$ 4" !r)#
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. D#2*ar0( 4# )+$4a7a !r)#
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)istem *brinolitis
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)istem *brinolitis Ad( )#)t#* 4" *$"ha$'r2a$
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D#a"ra* = % SISTEM FIBRINOLISIS
)i t d
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)istem dapar S#)t+* dapar d#:*pa# d(* +r#tr0)#t -
p(a)*a darah. M$"apa pr0t. !r)#
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!.CO+,
N!.CO+
N!₂PO-, N%!.PO-
!. PROT.,
N!. PROT.,
!.CO+,
!.CO+,
!.₂PO-, %! PO-
!' !.'O₂,
!' !.'O₂,
"ara*$4a ad( "ara* $atr#*.
S(rh )#)t+* dapar +r0tr0)#t *ap$
p(a)*a trdpt pada ta!+( .
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andungan protein plasma patologi" Pat0(0"#2 *$"arah 2+ h#p0 a6 h#p+r
pr0t+#$+*#a. albumin
&. HIPERALBUMINEMIA
Jara$" tr:d, 2'a(# !#(a tr:d h+*020$3 )+$tra)#.
. HIPOALBUMINEMIA
D#:*pa# pd %
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A. K+2ra$"a$ "#;# 4" (a*a d# )+!a!
2a$ 06 % 3 I$ta2+ pr0t+#$ 2ra$".
3 Ga$""a$ p$'+r$aa$ pr0t+#$.
B. Kh#(a$"a$ pr0t+#$ 4" !r(!#ha$ pd %
3 S#$dr. $+
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D. Id#0pat#2 h#p0pr0t+#$+*#a % Pr0t. L!h 'pat d#p+'ah - )+!a!
4" pa)t# td2 d#2+tah#.
globulin HIPERALFAGLOBULINEMIA %
D#2+tah# d"$ d+*a* a2t, d+)tr2)#
:ar, p+rada$"a$ )p+rt# 4" d#:*pa#
pd TBC (a$:t a6 2ar)#$0*a (a$:t.
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/airan 0erebrospinal Pr0d2 (tra
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C. '+r+!r0)p#$a( % 3 J+r$#h
3 V#)20)#ta) r+$dah
3 Td2 !+r7ar$a
Kadar pr0t+#$$4a r+$dah % & ? *"
, dr pr0t. tr)!t !rpa a(!*#$ -
!rpa "(0!(#$. Td2 d#dapat2a$
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d"$ darah, !"#t p(a 2adar C(.
T+tap# 2adar p(a)*a :a5a )d#2#t d# ? !a$d#$"2a$ p(a)*a darah.→
Kadar !#2ar!0$at d"$ p(a)*a darah.
pH :" td2 !r!+da d"$ pH darah.
5airan sino-ial Ad( '. p+r)+$d#a$, !r
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at 0r"a$#2 !rpa %
3 Pr0t+#$, tr*a)2 +$;#*
→ a*#(a)+, pr0t+a)+, (#pa)+, *)#$.
3 KH "(20)a.→
3 )+$4a7a 0r"a$#2 (a#$ !rpa %
→
r+a, a). Urat, a). h#a(r0$at.
5airan ruang depan bla,angmata
C. d#d+pa$ *ata !rpa '. :+r$#h, !+r3 p+ra$ **p+rtha$2a$ t+2. #$tra02(+r -
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*+$)p(a# *2a$a$ 6 (+$)a - 20r$+a
*ata d#*a$a !a"#a$ *ata #$# t#da2
*+*p. S#r2(a)# t+r)+$d#r#.
Ca#ra$ !ra)a( dr )+2r+t !ada$ )#(#+r d# ?
#r#) *ata, 4" *+$"a(#r 2+ !a"#a$ ? a$t+r#0r *+(a(# 2a$a( )'h(+h*.
Prta*!aha$ pr0d. 'a#ra$ *$4+!a!2a$
t+2. #$tra02(+r *$a#2 - d#:*pa# pd
"(a20*a.
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Semen
Y# % ))p+$)# )p+r$at0;0a p(a)*a
)+r#$" *rpa2a$ '*pra$ )+2r+t
pr0)tat, 5+)#'+ )+*#$a(#), +p#d#d#*#),
2+(. r+tra, 2+( '07p+r - 5a)a d+
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)#trat *" +.
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H/N ? / CH/ 16 ? NH ? / CH/ 17 NH/
SPERMIDIN
5airan
(nterstisiel
Mrpa2a$ )at (tra
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r+a - "(2. )a*a d"$ 2a$d$"a$
p(a)*a darah, 2a$d. #0$ $+"at#< )prt# C(84 HCO68 )d#2#t t#$""# - #0$ p0)#t#
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J*(h - 20*p0)#)# !r5ar#a)# tr"$t$"
(02a)# )a(. t)!t, *#) % )a(. (#* = % & )*pa# % &.
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Keringat
Mrpa2a$ )+2r+t 2+(. +$d02r#$ 2r#$"at - !r)#
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ir mata
Mrpa2a$ )+2r+t 2+(. (a2r#*a(, !rpa
'. :+r$#h. Pd *(a$4a !r)#
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