energy and cell resp quick and long energy part 3 revised

8/14/2019 Energy and Cell Resp Quick and Long Energy Part 3 REVISED

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Quick and Long Energy

Chapter 7


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Glycolysis

To the electron transport chain

2 molecules ofpyruvate

Glucose


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From Glycolysis comes thePyruvates.


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Krebs Cycle


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Summary

In one turn of theKrebs Cycle:

3 CO2 (1 from right

before Krebs) Released when

we exhale

1 ATP (E for cellwork)

3 NADH (to ETC)

1 FADH2 (to ETC)

Water leaves andthen reenters so

we dont count it

For one Glucosemolecule how manytimes does theKrebs Cycle turn?

What are the totalsfrom the KrebsCycle for oneGlucose molecule?

6 CO2s

2 ATPs

6 NADHS

2 FADH2


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Cells cannot get enough oxygen

Build up of pyruvic acid and NADH and no oxygen to break it down

Cells begin fermentation

Lactic Acid fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+

Get about 90 seconds of energy without having to useoxygen

HOWEVER, oxygen will be paid back double when you are

done (think heavy breathing) Occurs in muscle cells, and microorganisms, such as the

ones that turn milk into cheese and yogurt

Lactic acid causes muscle cramping and burning sensation

Oxygen is required to break down lactic acid and get it out

of body Alcohol fermentation

Pyruvic acid + NADH ethyl alcohol + NAD+ + CO 2

Occurs in yeast cells and other microorganisms, such asthe ones involved in the production of bread and wine


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Quick Energy 3 ways to obtain energy

ATP stored in muscles (glycogen) (short) ATP from lactic acid (short)

ATP from cellular respiration (long)

Cells initially have small amount of ATP from cell resp. and glycolysis

Think of running a 200 m sprint

Gun goes off

Muscles of runner contract, turning glycogen in muscle cells intoglucose, but this only provides for a few seconds of intenseactivity

You pass the 50m mark

most ATP the was initially stored is now gone

Muscle cells are producing ATP from lactic acid fermentation

This lasts about 90 seconds End of Race

Lots of lactic acid build up

Only way to get rid of lactic acid is a chemical pathway thatrequires oxygen

Thus, at the end of the race, you are breathing heavily and you

should follow an intense work out with a slow jog


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Long Term Energy for running long races or other endurance sports

Cellular respiration is the only way to get enough ATP to last the length of the race

Cellular respiration makes ATP more slowly than lactic acid fermentation Athletes must pace themselves

Glycogen an important molecule Carbohydrate

Polysaccharide (monosaccharide is glucose)

Muscle and liver cells store E as glycogen

Glycogen is broken down by the hormone Glucagon Glycogen break down is also stimulated by muscle contraction

When you work out, muscles contract and they can use energy stored in glycogen

Increase glycogen storage, increase the duration of exhaustive work your muscles can do

Stores of glycogen last about 15-20 minutes

After glycogen is used up, body starts to break down other molecules to get energy Fats and proteins

Fatty acids are broken down and carried to mitochondrial matrix and enter the membrane infragments as acetyl-CoA

Proteins are broken down into aa and the these modified aas are fed back into the Krebs cycle(NAD+ and FAD)

Aerobic exercise is good for weight control because it leads to break down of fats


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Training to Improve Function ofATP production

Anaerobic training

Increase levels of glycogen in muscle cellsand increase tolerance of lactic acid build

up Aerobic training

Increases size and number of mitochondriain muscle cells and increase delivery ofoxygen to muscle cells by improvingheart and lung efficiency

energy and cell resp quick and long energy part 3 revised

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