Energy Systems Analysis Arnulf Grubler

Energy Data

A brief summary

Energy Statistics• Energy use:

-- UN since 1929 (no online access)-- BP (fastest update) Publications – Statistical Review http://www.bp.com BP + UN: Primary energy supply by source (no non-commercial)-- EIA (US): Primary and secondary energy (no final, no non-commercial)-- IEA: supply and disposition (primary and final energy by fuel …and sector; incl. non-comm. [OK since ca. 1995]) http://www.iea.org/Textbase/stats/index.asp

• Emissions: All gases/sources: EDGAR http://www.mnp.nl/edgar/CO2: IEA (see class server) and UN based (http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/trends/trends.htm), energy focus!

• Economics:-- IEA Energy prices and Taxes (see class server) end-use focus, no upstream and no cost data

• Efficiency: only imputed indicators (intensities), cf. IEA (rather than EIA!)

• Technology: no official statistics, individual efforts e.g. IIASA CO2DB

Energy Systems Analysis Arnulf Grubler

Austria Energy Balance 2001 (1000 toe): Supply

Energy Systems Analysis Arnulf Grubler

Austria Energy Balance 2001 (1000 toe): Disposition

IEA: Energy Balances (common energy unit) and Energy Statistics (physical units)

PE Accounting Methods of IEA/BP• Substitution equivalent for nuclear

– Calculate PE as: “…the primary heat equivalent of the electricity produced by a nuclear power plant with an average thermal efficiency of 33%.”

– Primary energy form = heat

- Geothermal: assumes 10% thermal efficiency

• Direct equivalent for hydro, solar, wind– “Hydro shows the energy content of the electricity produced in

hydro power plants.” w/ no thermal efficiency factor.– Primary energy form = electricity (assumes 100% efficiency)

• Result– Nuclear = weighted to be larger proportion of TPES than hydro,

solar and wind

US EIA does not publish equivalence factors used(implied direct equivalent for all non-fossils)