environmental health indicators: experiences in hungary tibor málnási, É. vaskövi, g. nádor, a....
TRANSCRIPT
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS:
EXPERIENCES IN HUNGARY
Tibor Málnási, É. Vaskövi, G. Nádor,
A. Páldy “József Fodor” National Center for Public Health,
National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
• Hungary has been involved in the WHO/ECEH project “Environmental Health Indicators for the WHO European Region” since the beginning.
• After the evaluation of the feasibility study, the data collection started.
• The software tool for the date collection and management (EuroIndy) was developed by the help of the National Institute of Environmental Health, in Hungary
• During the data collection and the assessment several difficulties were discovered:
• some data are not available in Hungary,
• others are not available according to the requirements,
• it was difficult to identify the data holders and the cooperation between the different institutes was not sufficient.
• The “Exposure to urban ambient air pollutants” is a key indicator, summarizing important environmental and health information. Several difficulties emerged in Hungary during the data collection and the computation of this indicator.
• One key element is the identification of the population that is relevant to the measured pollutant concentration.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
fra
cti
on
of
po
pu
lati
on
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
TSP, μg/m3
0-5days
0 days
TSP annualmean
Exposure of population to daily average TSP concentrationabove 230 μg/m3 in Budapest
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
frac
tio
n o
f p
op
ula
tio
n
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
TSP, µg/m3
71-90days
51-70days
31-50days
11-30days
0-10days
0 days
TSP annualmean
Exposure of population to daily average TSP concentrationabove national standard (100 μg/m3) in Budapest
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
frac
tio
n o
f p
op
ula
tio
n
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SO2, µg/m3
>9days
4-9days
0-3days
0 days
SO2annualmean
Exposure of population to daily average SO2 concentration
above 125 μg/m3 in Budapest
Population weighted exposure to NO2 exceeding
40 μg/m3 annual mean in Budapest
0
2
4
6
8
10
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
µg
/m3 x
ye
ar
0
20
40
60
80
100
NO2, µg/m3
41-60µg/m3
61-80µg/m3
81-100µg/m3
NO2 annualmean
• A GIS method was used • in a selected city (Budapest), • for a selected pollutant (NO2), • to identify the relevant population for the
concentration measured by a passive monitoring.
• For the characterization of the exposure, concentration categories were used.
Assessment of EHI by WHO
exposure
population
concentration
Limit value
EXPy = ( Pi/P) * (Cyi – RV y )
NO2, SO2, O3
PM10, TSP, BS,
Air pollution exposure assessment
• Location Budapest
• Component NO2
• Timeframe 2001 - 2002 / quarter of a year
• Duration of exposure 1 week• No of sampling points 80 (10% traffic)• Methods
– sampling: passive monitoring– analyzis: photometry
Population categories
• 0 - 14 year
• 15 - 64 year
• > 65 year
Categories of air pollution (µgm3)
17/2001 (VIII.3.) directive of MinEnv
NO2
Lower threshold < 26
Upper threshold 26 – 32
Limit value 32 – 40
1,5 * LV 40 – 60
2 *LV 60 – 80
> 2 *LV > 80
LV
NO2 pollution (µgm3) by sampling points
Spatial distribution of NO2 pollution (µgm3)
2001-2002
40-60
32-40
26-32
<26
60-80
Yearly mean pollution of NO2 by age groups (1)
79
21
82
18
80
20
72
28
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
összeslakosság
lakossá g(10-14)
lakosság (14-65év )
lakosság (>65év)
>LV
<LV
Yearly mean pollution of NO2 by age groups (2)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
<26 26-32 32-40 40-60 60-80 >80 µg/m3
>65 y
14-65 y
0-14 y
NO2 indicator
0
1
2
3
4
5
súlyozott
konc.,µg/m3
20 40 konc.,µg/m3
összes lakosság lakosság (0-14) lakosság (14-65) lakosság (>65év)
Summary I.
• The fraction of population exposed to TSP and SO2 concentration exceeding the RV showed a decreasing tendency
• The population weighted exposure to NO2 incerased during the first 3 years, later decreased
Summary II.• The results of GIS analysis of the spatial distribution of NO2 exposure showed:• Highest exposed area: downtown• Highest exposed group of population:
– > 65 y
• >Percentage of exposed population to NO2 over the limit value: 28%