Executive Branch – Executive Branch – BureaucraciesBureaucracies

Chapter 15Chapter 15

What is a Bureaucracy?What is a Bureaucracy?

Contains 3 features:Contains 3 features: Hierarchical AuthorityHierarchical Authority

Pyramid structurePyramid structure Chain of command – running from top to bottomChain of command – running from top to bottom

Job Specialization – Job Specialization – Bureaucrat – has certain duties and responsibilitiesBureaucrat – has certain duties and responsibilities

Formalized RulesFormalized Rules Set of established regulations and procedures.Set of established regulations and procedures.

The BureaucracyThe Bureaucracy

The President is the chief administrator of The President is the chief administrator of the federal governmentthe federal government

Congress and the President created an Congress and the President created an administration – the government’s administration – the government’s administrators and agencies.administrators and agencies.

DivisionsDivisions

Divided into 4 groups:Divided into 4 groups:

1.1.EOP (Executive Office of the President)EOP (Executive Office of the President)

2.2.Cabinet Cabinet

3.3.Independent agenciesIndependent agencies

4.4.Government corporations Government corporations

1. Executive Office of the 1. Executive Office of the President (EOP)President (EOP)

An umbrella agency of separate agencies.An umbrella agency of separate agencies. serves as the President’s right arm, staffed by most serves as the President’s right arm, staffed by most

of the President’s closest advisors and assistants.of the President’s closest advisors and assistants. Established in 1939, but reorganized with every Established in 1939, but reorganized with every

President.President. Ex: White House Office Ex: White House Office Ex: Office of Management and BudgetEx: Office of Management and Budget Ex: National Security Council Ex: National Security Council Ex: Office of the Vice President Ex: Office of the Vice President

White House Office “Nerve Center” of the EOP, houses key personal and political staff West Wing (where most work)

Oval Office, Cabinet Room includes press secretary, legal advisors, and physician

East Wing Presidential residence, 1st lady offices, theater, visitor’s entrance

Chief of Staff – “The Gatekeeper” Highest ranking employee of the EOP typically oversees the actions of the White House staff, manages the

president's schedule, and decides who is allowed to meet with the president

Press Secretary- Chief spokesperson for the President

Additional AgenciesAdditional Agencies

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)Office of Management and Budget (OMB)• The OMB’s major task is the preparation of The OMB’s major task is the preparation of

the federal budget, which the President must the federal budget, which the President must submit to Congress.submit to Congress.

Council of Economic AdvisersCouncil of Economic Advisers• The Council of Economic Advisers consists of The Council of Economic Advisers consists of

three of the country’s leading economists, and three of the country’s leading economists, and acts as the President’s major source of acts as the President’s major source of information and advice on the nation’s information and advice on the nation’s economy.economy.

2. The Cabinet2. The Cabinet The Cabinet is an The Cabinet is an

informal advisory informal advisory body brought together body brought together by the President to by the President to serve his needs.serve his needs.

15 Cabinet Members15 Cabinet Members

Each one headed by Each one headed by a Secretary except a Secretary except Attorney GeneralAttorney General

The President appoints The President appoints them, but are then them, but are then subject to Senate subject to Senate approval.approval.

The title of The title of DepartmentDepartment is is reserved for agencies reserved for agencies within the Cabinet.within the Cabinet.

How he choosesHow he chooses – party, – party, professional professional qualifications, interest qualifications, interest groups, gender, race, groups, gender, race, experience, etc.experience, etc.

Cabinet PositionsCabinet Positions

Department of StateDepartment of State Department of TreasuryDepartment of Treasury Department of DefenseDepartment of Defense Department of Education Department of Education Department of JusticeDepartment of Justice Department of the InteriorDepartment of the Interior Department of AgricultureDepartment of Agriculture Department of Homeland Department of Homeland

Security Security

Department of Commerce Department of Commerce Department of LaborDepartment of Labor Department of Health and Department of Health and

Human ResourcesHuman Resources Department of Housing and Department of Housing and

Urban Development Urban Development Department of Transportation Department of Transportation Department of EnergyDepartment of Energy Department of Veteran’s Affairs Department of Veteran’s Affairs

3. Independent Agencies3. Independent Agencies

independent executive agencies—similar to departments but without cabinet status

Ex: CIA, FBI, IRS, Ex: CIA, FBI, IRS, SEC, etc. SEC, etc.

4. Government Corporations

Set up by Congress to carry out business like activities

Generally charge for services

Ex: Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC), Postal Service, AMTRAK, TVA, etc.

Govt. vs. Private

Similarities Run by a board of directors General manager Produce income that circulates back into business

Differences Congress decides function ability President selects top officials Financed by public funds, not private investors

Development of the Civil ServiceDevelopment of the Civil Service

The civil service is that group of public employees who perform the administrative work of

government, excluding the armed forces. Spoils System (patronage) practice of giving Spoils System (patronage) practice of giving

government jobs to supporters and friends.government jobs to supporters and friends.

The The Pendleton ActPendleton Act laid the foundation of the present laid the foundation of the present federal civil service system, and set merit as the federal civil service system, and set merit as the basis for hiring in most civil service positions.basis for hiring in most civil service positions.

The Civil Service TodayThe Civil Service Today

The Office of Personnel The Office of Personnel Management is Management is responsible for responsible for recruiting, examining, recruiting, examining, and the hiring process.and the hiring process.

Congress sets the pay Congress sets the pay and other job and other job conditions for everyone conditions for everyone who works for the who works for the Federal Government, Federal Government, except for postal except for postal employees.employees.