fasting mm glucose % hba1c allulose promotes glycemic...

Allulose Promotes Glycemic Control

Does Not Increase Fasting Glucose Levels• Han Y, Kwon EY, Yu MK, Lee SJ, Kim HJ, Kim SB, Kim YH, Choi MS. A Preliminary Study for Evaluating the Dose-

Dependent Effect of d-Allulose for Fat Mass Reduction in Adult Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2018, 10(2). pii: E160. doi: 10.3390/nu10020160.

• Hayashi N, Iida T, Yamada T, Okuma K, Takehara I, Yamamoto T, Yamada K, Tokuda M. Study on the postprandial blood glucose suppression effect of D-psicose in borderline diabetes and the safety of long-term ingestion by normal human subjects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010, 74(3):510-9.

• Hayashi N, Yamada T, Takamine S, Iida T, Okuma K et. al. Weight reducing effect and safety evaluation of rare sugar syrup by a randomized double-blind, parallel-group study in human. Journal of Functional Foods, 2014, 11:152-159.

• Itoh K, Mizuno S, Hama S, Oshima W, Kawamata M, Hossain A, Ishihara Y, Tokuda MJ. Beneficial Effects of Supplementation of the Rare Sugar "D-allulose" Against Hepatic Steatosis and Severe Obesity in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) Mice. Food Sci. 2015, 80(7):H1619-26. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12908.

• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Dietary D-psicose, a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, suppresses the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001, 10(3):233-7.

• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Less Body Fat Accumulation with D-psicose Diet vs. D-fructose Diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2001, 30:55-65.

• Matsuo T, Ishii R, Shirai Y. The 90-day oral toxicity of d-psicose in male Wistar rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2012, 50(2):158-61. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.11-66.

• Nishii N, Nomizo T, Takashima S, Matsubara T, Tokuda M, Kitagawa H. Single oral dose safety of D-allulose in dogs. J Vet Med Sci. 2016, 78(6):1079-83. doi: 10.1292/jvms.15-0676.

• Ochiai M, Misaki K, Yamada T, Iida T, Okuma K, Matsuo T. Comparison of Anti-Obesity Effect between Two Types of Syrup Containing Rare Sugars in Wistar Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2017, 63(3):208-213. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.63.208.

• Ochiai M, Nakanishi Y, Yamada T, Iida T, Matsuo T. Inhibition by Dietary D-Psicose of Body Fat Accumulation in Adult Rats Fed a High-Sucrose Diet. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2013, 77:5, 1123-1126, DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130019

• Nagata Y, Mizuta N, Kanasaki A, Tanaka KJ. Rare sugars, d-allulose, d-tagatose and d-sorbose, differently modulate lipid metabolism in rats. Sci Food Agric. 2017, doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8687.

• Yagi K, Matsuo T. The study on long-term toxicity of d-psicose in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2009, 45(3):271-7. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.08-191.

10/2019 1/5

mM glucose % HbA1c16.514.9

13.4

11.8

10.2

8.6

7.0 6

7

8

9101112

fasting

Reduces Fasting Glucose Levels• Han Y, Han HJ, Kim AH, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park YB, Jung UJ, Choi MS. d-Allulose supplementation normalized the

body weight and fat-pad mass in diet-induced obese mice via the regulation of lipid metabolism under isocaloric fed condition. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016, 60(7):1695-706. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500771.

• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Tsukamoto I, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015, 9:525-35. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S71289.

• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Matsunaga T, Hirata Y, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Sui L, Tsukamoto I, Ueno M, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose protects pancreas β-islets and thus improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats. Biochem BiophysRes Commun. 2012, 425(4):717-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.135.

• Iida T, Yamada T, Hayashi N, Okuma K, Izumori K, Ishii R, Matsuo T. Reduction of abdominal fat accumulation in rats by 8-week ingestion of a newly developed sweetener made from high fructose corn syrup. Food Chem. 2013, 138(2-3):781-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.017.

• Iwasaki Y, Sendo M, Dezaki K, Hira T, Sato T, Nakata M, Goswami C, Aoki R, Arai T, Kumari P, Hayakawa M, Masuda C, Okada T, Hara H, Drucker DJ, Yamada Y, Tokuda M, Yada T. GLP-1 release and vagal afferent activation mediate the beneficial metabolic and chronotherapeutic effects of D-allulose. Nat Commun. 2018, 9(1):113. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02488-y.

• Matsuo T, Izumori K. Effects of dietary D-psicose on diurnal variation in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations of rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2006, 70(9):2081-5.

• Matsuo T, Tanaka T, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Effects of oral acute administration and subchronicfeeding of several levels of D-psicose in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2002, 48(6):512-6.

• Shintani T, Yamada T, Hayashi N, Iida T, Nagata Y, Ozaki N, Toyoda Y. Rare Sugar Syrup Containing d-Allulose but Not High-Fructose Corn Syrup Maintains Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity Partly via Hepatic Glucokinase Translocation in Wistar Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2017, 65(13):2888-2894. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05627.

• Tokuda M, Izumori K, Matsuo T, Morimoto K, Takekawa K. Application of D-psicose to Suppression of Abnormal Circadian Increase in Blood Glucose Level. US Patent US 8071558B2. 2011.

Copyright Bonumose LLC 2019

Reduces Post-prandial Glucose Levels• Baek SH, Park SJ, Lee HG. D-psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in

C57BL/6J db/db mice. J Food Sci. 2010, 75(2):H49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01434.x.• Hayashi N, Iida T, Yamada T, Okuma K, Takehara I, Yamamoto T, Yamada K, Tokuda M. Study on the

postprandial blood glucose suppression effect of D-psicose in borderline diabetes and the safety of long-term ingestion by normal human subjects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010, 74(3):510-9.


• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Matsunaga T, Hirata Y, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Sui L, Tsukamoto I, Ueno M, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose protects pancreas β-islets and thus improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats. BiochemBiophys Res Commun. 2012, 425(4):717-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.135.

• Hossain MA, Kitagaki S, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Funamoto Y, Matsunaga T, Tsukamoto I, Yamaguchi F, KamitoriK, Dong Y, Hirata Y, Murao K, Toyoda Y, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011, 405(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.091.

• Iida T, Kishimoto Y, Yoshikawa Y, Hayashi N, Okuma K, Tohi M, Yagi K, Matsuo T, Izumori K. Acute D-psicoseadministration decreases the glycemic responses to an oral maltodextrin tolerance test in normal adults. J NutrSci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2008, 54(6):511-4.



• Izumori K, Tokuda M, Itano T, Miyamoto O, Ishida T, Murao K, Tasaka T, Muneuchi G, Yamaguchi F, Tanaka T, Ueki M, Hirooka K, Taminato T, Hossain MA, Tsusaki K, Takahashi T, Nagata M, Ishida Y. 2011. Method of utilizing physiological activity of rare saccharide and composition containing rare saccharide. US Patent No. 7,906,487B2.

• Kimura T, Kanasaki A, Hayashi N, Yamada T, Iida T, Nagata Y, Okuma K. d-Allulose enhances postprandial fat oxidation in healthy humans. Nutrition. 2017, 43-44:16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.007.



• Sung SW, Kim S-E, Kim H-J, Sung M-K. Dietary D-psicose as a future sugar improves blood glucose homeostasis and lipid accumulation in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fructose diet, abstract P09-283. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 2016.


• Tate & Lyle. Citizen Petition Regarding Nutrition Labeling of Allulose, a Very Low Calorie Sugar. FDA-2015-P-1201-0001. 2015.

• Tokuda M, Izumori K, Matsuo T, Morimoto K, Takekawa K. Application of D-psicose to Suppression of Abnormal Circadian Increase in Blood Glucose Level. US Patent US 8071558B2.



13.4

11.8

10.2

8.6

7.0 6

7

8

9101112

fasting

Does Not Increase Post-prandial Glucose Levels• Nagata Y, Kanasaki A, Tamaru S, Tanaka K1. D-psicose, an epimer of D-fructose, favorably alters lipid metabolism in

Sprague-Dawley rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2015, 63(12):3168-76. doi: 10.1021/jf502535p.

2/510/2019 Copyright Bonumose LLC 2019

Reduces HbA1c Levels• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y,

Tsukamoto I, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015, 9:525-35. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S71289.



13.4

11.8

10.2

8.6

7.0 6

7

8

9101112

fasting

Reduces Hepatic Glucose Production• Iwasaki Y, Sendo M, Dezaki K, Hira T, Sato T, Nakata M, Goswami C, Aoki R, Arai T, Kumari P, Hayakawa M, Masuda

C, Okada T, Hara H, Drucker DJ, Yamada Y, Tokuda M, Yada T. GLP-1 release and vagal afferent activation mediate the beneficial metabolic and chronotherapeutic effects of D-allulose. Nat Commun. 2018, 9(1):113. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02488-y.

Increases Hepatic Glycogen Levels• Matsuo T, Izumori K. Effects of dietary D-psicose on diurnal variation in plasma glucose and insulin

concentrations of rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2000, 70(9):2081-5.• Shintani T, Yamada T, Hayashi N, Iida T, Nagata Y, Ozaki N, Toyoda Y. Rare Sugar Syrup Containing d-Allulose

but Not High-Fructose Corn Syrup Maintains Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity Partly via Hepatic Glucokinase Translocation in Wistar Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2017, 65(13):2888-2894. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05627.

• Tokuda M, Izumori K, Matsuo T, Morimoto K, Takekawa K. Application of D-psicose to Suppression of Abnormal Circadian Increase in Blood Glucose Level. US Patent US 8071558B2.


Inhibits Glucose Absorption• Izumori K, Tokuda M, Itano T, Miyamoto O, Ishida T, Murao K, Tasaka T, Muneuchi G, Yamaguchi F, Tanaka T, Ueki

M, Hirooka K, Taminato T, Hossain MA, Tsusaki K, Takahashi T, Nagata M, Ishida Y. 2011. Method of utilizing physiological activity of rare saccharide and composition containing rare saccharide. US Patent No. 7,906,487B2.


Does Not Increase Fasting Insulin Levels• Han Y, Kwon EY, Yu MK, Lee SJ, Kim HJ, Kim SB, Kim YH, Choi MS. A Preliminary Study for Evaluating the

Dose-Dependent Effect of d-Allulose for Fat Mass Reduction in Adult Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2018, 10(2). pii: E160. doi: 10.3390/nu10020160.

• Hayashi N, Yamada T, Takamine S, Iida T, Okuma K et. al. Weight reducing effect and safety evaluation of rare sugar syrup by a randomized double-blind, parallel-group study in human. Journal of Functional Foods, 2014, 11:152-159.

• Hayashi N, Iida T, Yamada T, Okuma K, Takehara I, Yamamoto T, Yamada K, Tokuda M. Study on the postprandial blood glucose suppression effect of D-psicose in borderline diabetes and the safety of long-term ingestion by normal human subjects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010, 74(3):510-9.

• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Dietary D-psicose, a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, suppresses the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001; 10(3):233-7.

• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Less Body Fat Accumulation with D-psicoseDiet vs. D-fructose Diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2001, 30:55-65.

• Nagata Y, Mizuta N, Kanasaki A, Tanaka KJ. Rare sugars, d-allulose, d-tagatose and d-sorbose, differently modulate lipid metabolism in rats. Sci Food Agric. 2017, doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8687.


• Nishii N, Takashima S, Kobatake Y, Tokuda M, Kitagawa H. The long-term safety of D-allulose administration in healthy dogs. J Vet Med Sci. 2017, 79(11):1780-1784. doi: 10.1292/jvms.17-0367. Epub 2017 Sep 17.

• Ochiai M, Misaki K, Yamada T, Iida T, Okuma K, Matsuo T. Comparison of Anti-Obesity Effect between Two Types of Syrup Containing Rare Sugars in Wistar Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2017; 63(3):208-213. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.63.208.

• Ochiai M, Nakanishi Y, Yamada T, Iida T, Matsuo T. Inhibition by Dietary D-Psicose of Body Fat Accumulation in Adult Rats Fed a High-Sucrose Diet. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2013, 77:5, 1123-1126, DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130019.


10/2019 4/5

μIU/mL fasting insulin2118

1512

9

6

3

Reduces Fasting Insulin Levels• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y,

Tsukamoto I, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Jan 17;9:525-35. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S71289.

• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Matsunaga T, Hirata Y, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Sui L, Tsukamoto I, Ueno M, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose protects pancreas β-islets and thus improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats. BiochemBiophys Res Commun. 2012 Sep 7;425(4):717-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.135.


• Shintani T, Yamada T, Hayashi N, Iida T, Nagata Y, Ozaki N, Toyoda Y. Rare Sugar Syrup Containing d-Allulosebut Not High-Fructose Corn Syrup Maintains Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity Partly via Hepatic Glucokinase Translocation in Wistar Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Apr 5;65(13):2888-2894. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05627.



μIU/mL fasting insulin2118

1512

9

6

3

Reduces Post-prandial Insulin Levels• Hayashi N, Iida T, Yamada T, Okuma K, Takehara I, Yamamoto T, Yamada K, Tokuda M. Study on the

postprandial blood glucose suppression effect of D-psicose in borderline diabetes and the safety of long-term ingestion by normal human subjects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010, 74(3):510-9.


• Hossain MA, Kitagaki S, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Funamoto Y, Matsunaga T, Tsukamoto I, Yamaguchi F, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Hirata Y, Murao K, Toyoda Y, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Biochem BiophysRes Commun. 2011, 405(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.091.

• Iida T, Kishimoto Y, Yoshikawa Y, Hayashi N, Okuma K, Tohi M, Yagi K, Matsuo T, Izumori K. Acute D-psicoseadministration decreases the glycemic responses to an oral maltodextrin tolerance test in normal adults. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2008, 54(6):511-4.

• Nagata Y, Kanasaki A, Tamaru S, Tanaka K1. D-psicose, an epimer of D-fructose, favorably alters lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2015, 63(12):3168-76. doi: 10.1021/jf502535p.

• Shintani T, Yamada T, Hayashi N, Iida T, Nagata Y, Ozaki N, Toyoda Y. Rare Sugar Syrup Containing d-Allulosebut Not High-Fructose Corn Syrup Maintains Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity Partly via Hepatic Glucokinase Translocation in Wistar Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2017, 65(13):2888-2894. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05627.

Does Not Increase Post-prandial Insulin Levels• Baek SH, Park SJ, Lee HG. D-psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in

C57BL/6J db/db mice. J Food Sci. 2010, 75(2):H49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01434.x.• Kimura T, Kanasaki A, Hayashi N, Yamada T, Iida T, Nagata Y, Okuma K. d-Allulose enhances postprandial fat

oxidation in healthy humans. Nutrition. 2017, 43-44:16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.007.

Increases Insulin Sensitivity• Iwasaki Y, Sendo M, Dezaki K, Hira T, Sato T, Nakata M, Goswami C, Aoki R, Arai T, Kumari P, Hayakawa M, Masuda

C, Okada T, Hara H, Drucker DJ, Yamada Y, Tokuda M, Yada T. GLP-1 release and vagal afferent activation mediate the beneficial metabolic and chronotherapeutic effects of D-allulose. Nat Commun. 2018, 9(1):113. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02488-y.


Improves Hepatic Health• Hossain MA, Kitagaki S, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Funamoto Y, Matsunaga T, Tsukamoto I, Yamaguchi F,

Kamitori K, Dong Y, Hirata Y, Murao K, Toyoda Y, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Biochem BiophysRes Commun. 2011, 405(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.091.


Improves Pancreas Health• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Tsukamoto

I, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015, 9:525-35. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S71289.

• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Matsunaga T, Hirata Y, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Sui L, Tsukamoto I, Ueno M, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose protects pancreas β-islets and thus improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012, 425(4):717-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.135.

• Hossain MA, Kitagaki S, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Funamoto Y, Matsunaga T, Tsukamoto I, Yamaguchi F, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Hirata Y, Murao K, Toyoda Y, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011, 405(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.091.


Reduces Growth of Acid-Tolerating Bacteria• Sawada D, Ogawa T, Miyake M, Hasui Y, Yamaguchi F, Izumori K, Tokuda M. Potent inhibitory effects of D-

tagatose on the acid production and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans GS5 in the presence of sucrose. Acta Med Okayama. 2015, 69(2):105-11.

Allulose Promotes Dental Health

1/1

Prevents Reductions in Plaque pH• Attin, T. Confirmation of Toothfriendly Quality, D-Allulose (D-Psicose). Zürich, 2016.• Hasturk H. A clinical study on the effect of allulose, a low-calorie sugar, on in vivo dental plaque pH

(unpublished). 2018. • Iida T, Ichihara T, Izumori K, Tokuda M, Kagawa, Ogawa T. 2013. Noncarious Material and Anticarious Agent

Containing Rare Sugar. U.S. Patent US 8,496,915 B2. • Sawada D, Ogawa T, Miyake M, Hasui Y, Yamaguchi F, Izumori K, Tokuda M. Potent inhibitory effects of D-

tagatose on the acid production and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans GS5 in the presence of sucrose. Acta Med Okayama. 2015, 69(2):105-11.

5/2019 Copyright Bonumose LLC 2019

Reduces Total Cholesterol Levels in Blood• Han Y, Han HJ, Kim AH, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park YB, Jung UJ, Choi MS. D-Allulose supplementation normalized the


• Han Y, Yoon J, M-S Choi. Tracing the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism/Triggers of D-Allulose: A Profile Study of Microbiome Composition and mRNA Expression in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 2019, e1900982.

• Hayashi N, Yamada T, Takamine S, Iida T, Okuma K et. al. Weight reducing effect and safety evaluation of rare sugar syrup by a randomized double-blind, parallel-group study in human. Journal of Functional Foods 2014, 11:152-159.



Allulose Promotes a Healthy Lipid Profile

1/2

LIPID PROFILE

HDL (“good”)LDL (“bad”)

VLDL (“bad”)

Total Cholesterol

Triglcyerides

12/2019

Reduces Total Cholesterol Levels in Liver• Baek SH, Park SJ, Lee HG. D-psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in

C57BL/6J db/db mice. J Food Sci. 2010, 75(2):H49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01434.x.• Han Y, Han HJ, Kim AH, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park YB, Jung UJ, Choi MS. d-Allulose supplementation normalized the



Increases HDL Levels in Blood• Baek SH, Park SJ, Lee HG. D-psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in

C57BL/6J db/db mice. J Food Sci. 2010, 75(2):H49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01434.x.• Chung YM, Hyun Lee J, Youl Kim D, Hwang SH, Hong YH, Kim SB, Jin Lee S, Hye Park CJ. Dietary D-psicose

reduced visceral fat mass in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Food Sci. 2012, 77(2):H53-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02571.x.

• Han Y, Han HJ, Kim AH, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park YB, Jung UJ, Choi MS. d-Allulose supplementation normalized the body weight and fat-pad mass in diet-induced obese mice via the regulation of lipid metabolism under isocaloric fed condition. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016, 60(7):1695-706. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500771.

• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Tsukamoto I, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015,9:525-35. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S71289.

• Ochiai M, Nakanishi Y, Yamada T, Iida T, Matsuo T. Inhibition by Dietary D-Psicose of Body Fat Accumulation in Adult Rats Fed a High-Sucrose Diet. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 2013, 77(5):1123-1126. doi: 10.1271/bbb.130019.

Reduces LDL Levels in Blood• Baek SH, Park SJ, Lee HG. D-psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in

C57BL/6J db/db mice. J Food Sci. 2010, 75(2):H49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01434.x.• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid

metabolism in rats. Food Funct. 2019, 10(5):2417-2425. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01089.• Chung YM, Hyun Lee J, Youl Kim D, Hwang SH, Hong YH, Kim SB, Jin Lee S, Hye Park CJ. Dietary D-psicose


• Han Y, Han HJ, Kim AH, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park YB, Jung UJ, Choi MS. D-Allulose supplementation normalized the body weight and fat-pad mass in diet-induced obese mice via the regulation of lipid metabolism under isocaloric fed condition. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016, 60(7):1695-706. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500771.




Allulose Promotes a Healthy Lipid Profile

2/2

LIPID PROFILE

HDL (“good”)LDL (“bad”)

VLDL (“bad”)

Total Cholesterol

Triglcyerides

12/2019

Reduces Triglyceride Levels in Blood• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid

metabolism in rats. Food Funct. 2019, 10(5):2417-2425. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01089.• Han Y, Han HJ, Kim AH, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park YB, Jung UJ, Choi MS. D-Allulose supplementation normalized the



• Hossain MA, Kitagaki S, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Funamoto Y, Matsunaga T, Tsukamoto I, Yamaguchi F, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Hirata Y, Murao K, Toyoda Y, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Biochem BiophysRes Commun. 2011, 405(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.091.

• Matsuo T, Tanaka T, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Effects of oral acute administration and subchronicfeeding of several levels of D-psicose in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. (Tokyo). 2002, 48(6):512-6.

Reduces Triglyceride Levels in Liver• Baek SH, Park SJ, Lee HG. D-psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in

C57BL/6J db/db mice. J Food Sci. 2010, 75(2):H49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01434.x.• Han Y, Han HJ, Kim AH, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park YB, Jung UJ, Choi MS. D-Allulose supplementation normalized the





Reduces Triglyceride Levels in Brown Fat• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Less Body Fat Accumulation with D-psicose

Diet vs. D-fructose Diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2001, 30:55-65.


Reduces Body Weight• Baek SH, Park SJ, Lee HG. D-psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in

C57BL/6J db/db mice. J Food Sci. 2010, 75(2):H49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01434.x.• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid

metabolism in rats. Food Funct. 2019, 10(5): 2417-2425. Apr 9. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01089.• Chung YM, Hyun Lee J, Youl Kim D, Hwang SH, Hong YH, Kim SB, Jin Lee S, Hye Park CJ. Dietary D-psicose



• Han Y, Kwon EY, Yu MK, Lee SJ, Kim HJ, Kim SB, Kim YH, Choi MS. A Preliminary Study for Evaluating the Dose-Dependent Effect of d-Allulose for Fat Mass Reduction in Adult Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018, 10(2):E160. doi: 10.3390/nu10020160.










• Matsuo T, Suzuki H, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K. D-Psicose is a Rare Sugar that Provides No Energy to Growing Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2002, 48:77-80.


• Matsuo T, Tanaka T, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Metabolic effects of D-psicose in rats: studies on faecaland urinary excretion and caecal fermentation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003, 12(2):225-31.


• Ochiai M, Misaki K, Yamada T, Iida T, Okuma K, Matsuo T. Comparison of Anti-Obesity Effect between Two Types of Syrup Containing Rare Sugars in Wistar Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. (Tokyo). 2017, 63(3):208-213. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.63.208.




Allulose Reduces Cardiovascular Disease

Risk

1/510/2019

150.0 lbs


Reduces Body Fat• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid




• Han Y, Kwon EY, Yu MK, Lee SJ, Kim HJ, Kim SB, Kim YH, Choi MS. A Preliminary Study for Evaluating the Dose-Dependent Effect of d-Allulose for Fat Mass Reduction in Adult Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018, 10(2): E160. doi: 10.3390/nu10020160.









• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Dietary D-psicose, a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, suppresses the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001, 10(3):233-7.

• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Less Body Fat Accumulation with D-psicoseDiet vs. D-fructose Diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2001, 30:55-65.

• Matsuo T, Izumori K. Effects of dietary D-psicose on diurnal variation in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations of rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2006. 70(9):2081-5.


• Ochiai M, Misaki K, Yamada T, Iida T, Okuma K, Matsuo T. Comparison of Anti-Obesity Effect between Two Types of Syrup Containing Rare Sugars in Wistar Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. (Tokyo). 2017, 63(3):208-213. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.63.208.





Risk

2/512/2019

150.0 lbs

Increases Energy Expenditure• Nagata Y, Kanasaki A, Tamaru S, Tanaka K1. D-psicose, an epimer of D-fructose, favorably alters lipid metabolism

in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Apr 1;63(12):3168-76. doi: 10.1021/jf502535p.



Risk

3/512/2019

150.0 lbs

Increases Fat Metabolism• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid



• Iida T, Hayashi N, Yamada T, Yoshikawa Y, Miyazato S, Kishimoto Y, Okuma K, Tokuda M, Izumori K. Failure of d-psicose absorbed in the small intestine to metabolize into energy and its low large intestinal fermentability in humans. Metabolism 2010, 59(2):206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.018.


• Kimura T, Kanasaki A, Hayashi N, Yamada T, Iida T, Nagata Y, Okuma K. d-Allulose enhances postprandial fat oxidation in healthy humans. Nutrition 2017, 43-44:16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.007.



Reduces Fat Absorption• Han Y, Han HJ, Kim AH, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park YB, Jung UJ, Choi MS. D-Allulose supplementation normalized the


Reduces Fat Cell Size• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y,





Decreases Fat Synthesis• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid





• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Less Body Fat Accumulation with D-psicoseDiet vs. D-fructose Diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2001, 30:55-65.

• Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Dietary D-psicose, a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, suppresses the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001, 10(3):233-7.


• Nagata Y, Mizuta N, Kanasaki A, Tanaka KJ. Rare sugars, d-allulose, d-tagatose and d-sorbose, differently modulate lipid metabolism in rats. Sci Food Agric. 2018, 98(5):2020-2026. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8687.


Risk

4/512/2019

150.0 lbs

Increases Antioxidants in Blood• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid

metabolism in rats. Food Funct. 2019, 10(5):2417-2425. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01089.• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y,


Increases Antioxidants in Liver• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid

metabolism in rats. Food Funct. 2019, 10(5):2417-2425. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01089.

Reduces Food Intake• Iwasaki Y, Sendo M, Dezaki K, Hira T, Sato T, Nakata M, Goswami C, Aoki R, Arai T, Kumari P, Hayakawa M,

Masuda C, Okada T, Hara H, Drucker DJ, Yamada Y, Tokuda M, Yada T. GLP-1 release and vagal afferent activation mediate the beneficial metabolic and chronotherapeutic effects of D-allulose. Nat Commun. 2018, 9(1):113. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02488-y.

Reduces Leptin Levels• Han Y, Yoon J, M-S Choi. Tracing the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism/Triggers of D-Allulose: A Profile Study of

Microbiome Composition and mRNA Expression in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 2019, e1900982.







Improves Immune Response to Oxidized LDL• Yadav D, Kim SJ, Bae MA, Kim JR, Cho KH.The Ability of Different Ketohexoses to Alter Apo-A-I Structure and

Function In Vitro and to Induce Hepatosteatosis, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Plasma Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018: 3124364.

Reduces Fat Cell Inflammation• Han Y, Yoon J, M-S Choi. Tracing the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism/Triggers of D-Allulose: A Profile Study of




Risk

5/512/2019

150.0 lbs


Improves Recovery from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury• Izumori K, Tokuda M, Itano T, Miyamoto O, Ishida T, Murao K, Tasaka T, Muneuchi G, Yamaguchi F, Tanaka T,

Ueki M, Hirooka K, Taminato T, Hossain MA, Tsusaki K, Takahashi T, Nagata M, Ishida Y. 2011. Method of utilizing physiological activity of rare saccharide and composition containing rare saccharide. US Patent No. 7,906,487B2.

Improves Liver Health• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid






Increases Levels of Satiety Hormones• Hayakawa M, Hira T, Nakamura M, Iida T, Kishimoto Y, Hara H. Secretion of GLP-1 but not GIP is potently

stimulated by luminal d-Allulose (d-Psicose) in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Feb 2. pii: S0006-291X(18)30143-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.128.

• Iwasaki Y, Sendo M, Dezaki K, Hira T, Sato T, Nakata M, Goswami C, Aoki R, Arai T, Kumari P, Hayakawa M, Masuda C, Okada T, Hara H, Drucker DJ, Yamada Y, Tokuda M, Yada T. GLP-1 release and vagal afferent activation mediate the beneficial metabolic and chronotherapeutic effects of D-allulose. Nat Commun. 2018 Jan 9;9(1):113. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02488-y.

Allulose Increases Satiety

Reduces Food Intake• Hossain MA, Kitagaki S, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Funamoto Y, Matsunaga T, Tsukamoto I, Yamaguchi F,

Kamitori K, Dong Y, Hirata Y, Murao K, Toyoda Y, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Biochem BiophysRes Commun. 2011 Feb 4;405(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.091.

• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Tsukamoto I, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Jan 17;9:525-35. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S71289.

• Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Matsunaga T, Hirata Y, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Sui L, Tsukamoto I, Ueno M, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose protects pancreas β-islets and thus improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats. BiochemBiophys Res Commun. 2012 Sep 7;425(4):717-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.135.

• Iwasaki Y, Sendo M, Dezaki K, Hira T, Sato T, Nakata M, Goswami C, Aoki R, Arai T, Kumari P, Hayakawa M, Masuda C, Okada T, Hara H, Drucker DJ, Yamada Y, Tokuda M, Yada T. GLP-1 release and vagal afferent activation mediate the beneficial metabolic and chronotherapeutic effects of D-allulose. Nat Commun. 2018 Jan 9;9(1):113. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02488-y.


• Nagata Y, Kanasaki A, Tamaru S, Tanaka K1. D-psicose, an epimer of D-fructose, favorably alters lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Apr 1;63(12):3168-76. doi: 10.1021/jf502535p.


Allulose Benefits: Preliminary Findings

1/212/2019

Anti-parasitic• Harada M, Kondo E, Hayashi H, Suezawa C, Suguri S, Arai M. D-allose and D-psicose reinforce the action of

metronidazole on trichomonad. Parasitol Res. 2012, 110(4):1565-7. doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2660-5. • Sato M, Kurose H, Yamasaki T, Izumori K. Potential anthelmintic: D-psicose inhibits motility, growth and

reproductive maturity of L1 larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Nat Med. 2008, 62(2):244-6. doi: 10.1007/s11418-007-0220-1.

Neuroprotective• Takata MK, Yamaguchi F, Nakanose K, Watanabe Y, Hatano N, Tsukamoto I, Nagata M, Izumori K, Tokuda M.

Neuroprotective effect of D-psicose on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. J Biosci Bioeng. 2005, 100(5):511-6.

Antioxidant• Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid

metabolism in rats. Food Funct. 2019, 10(5):2417-2445. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01089.• Kim TB, Kim SB, Kim MH, Yang SJ, Han JH. Equol Concentration Increasing Agent Containing Psicose as Active

Ingredient. US Patent US 9839647B2. 2017.• Puangmanee S, Hayakawa S, Sun YX, Ogawa M. Application of whey protein isolate glycated with rare sugars to

ice cream. Food Sci Technol Res. 2008, 14:457–66.• Shintani T, Sakoguchi H, Yoshihara A, Izumori K, Sato M. d-Allulose, a stereoisomer of d-fructose, extends

Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan through a dietary restriction mechanism: A new candidate dietary restriction mimetic. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017, 493(4):1528-1533. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.147.

• Sun Y, Hayakawa S, Ogawa M, Izumori K. Antioxidant properties of custard pudding dessert containing rare hexose, d-psicose. Food Control, 2007, 18:220–7.

• Sun Y, Hayakawa S, Ogawa M, Izumori K. Evaluation of the site specific protein glycation and antioxidant capacity of rare sugar-protein/peptide conjugates. J Agric Food Chem. 2005, 53(26):10205-12.

• Suna S, Yamaguchi F, Kimura S, Tokuda M, Jitsunari F. Preventive effect of D-psicose, one of rare ketohexoses, on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced testicular injury in rat. Toxicol Lett. 2007, 173(2):107-17.

• Takata MK, Yamaguchi F, Nakanose K, Watanabe Y, Hatano N, Tsukamoto I, Nagata M, Izumori K, Tokuda M. Neuroprotective effect of D-psicose on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. J Biosci Bioeng. 2005, 100(5):511-6.

• Zeng Y, Zhang X, Guan Y, Sun Y. Characteristics and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products from psicose-lysine and fructose-lysine model systems. J Food Sci. 2011, 76(3):C398-403. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02072.x.

Anti-viral• Muniruzzaman S, McIntosh M, Hossain A, Izumori K, Bhattacharjee PS. A novel rare sugar inhibitor of murine

herpes simplex keratitis. J Pharmacol Sci. 2016, 131(2):126-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.05.004.


Anti-inflammatory• Izumori K, Tokuda M, Itano T, Miyamoto O, Ishida T, Murao K, Tasaka T, Muneuchi G, Yamaguchi F, Tanaka T,

Ueki M, Hirooka K, Taminato T, Hossain MA, Tsusaki K, Takahashi T, Nagata M, Ishida Y. 2011. Method of utilizing physiological activity of rare saccharide and composition containing rare saccharide. US Patent No. 7,906,487B2.

Allulose Benefits: Preliminary Findings

2/2

Prebiotic• Koch TJ, Kaufman B. Use of allulose as a prebiotic. Patent Application WO2017029245A1. 2017.• Han Y, Yoon J, M-S Choi. Tracing the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism/Triggers of D-Allulose: A Profile Study of


• Matsuo T, Tanaka T, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Metabolic effects of D-psicose in rats: studies on faecaland urinary excretion and caecal fermentation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003, 12(2):225-31.

12/2019

Endocrine Protector• Suna S, Yamaguchi F, Kimura S, Tokuda M, Jitsunari F. Preventive effect of D-psicose, one of rare ketohexoses,

on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced testicular injury in rat. Toxicol Lett. 2007, 173(2):107-17.


Maintains fertility…• Kim H, Parka C, Saa S, Caseb I, Lic C, Gaod Y, Wangc H, Tian J. A study of D-allulose reproductive toxicity in rats.

Food Chem. Toxicol. 2019, 131:110548.

unlike Stevia which may reduce fertility.• Cho NA, Klancic T, Nettleton JE, Paul HA, Reimer RA. Impact of Food Ingredients (Aspartame, Stevia,

Prebiotic Oligofructose) on Fertility and Reproductive Outcomes in Obese Rats. Obesity 2018, 26(11):1692-95.

• Melis M. Effects of chronic administration of Stevia rebaudiana on fertility in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology 1999, 67(2):157-61.

• Planas G, Kucacute J. Contraceptive Properties of Stevia rebaudiana. Science 1968, 162(3857):1007.

Allulose Modulates Plant Health

1/110/2019

Pathogen Protection• Akimitsu K, Takeshi I, Shigeyuki T, Mika T, Masaaki T, Yutaka I, Kazumasa K, Rika K. 2006. Use of Rare Sugar for

Plants or Microbes, Japanese Patent 2006008669.• Ishida Y, Kakibuchi K, Kudo R, Izumori K, Tajima S, Akimitsu K, Tanaka, K. Effects of Rare Sugars on Growth and

Disease Occurrence in Head Lettuce. Acta Horticulurae 2012, 927:929-34. • Kano A, Hosotani K, Gomi K, Yamasaki-Kokudo Y, Shirakawa C, Fukumoto T, Ohtani K, Tajima S, Izumori K,

Tanaka K, Ishida Y, Nishizawa Y, Ichimura K, Tada Y, Akimitsu K. D-Psicose induces upregulation of defense-related genes and resistance in rice against bacterial blight. J Plant Physiol. 2011, 168(15):1852-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.04.003.

• Ohara T, Ishida Y, Kudou R, Kakibuchi K, Akimitsu K, Izumori K, Tajima S. 2015. Plant disease control agent comprising D-tagatose as active ingredient, and plant disease control method. US Patent 9,125,409.

Reduce Growth• Akimitsu K, Takeshi I, Shigeyuki T, Mika T, Masaaki T, Yutaka I, Kazumasa K, Rika K. 2006. Use of Rare Sugar for

Plants or Microbes, Japanese Patent 2006008669.• Kano A, Hosotani K, Gomi K, Yamasaki-Kokudo Y, Shirakawa C, Fukumoto T, Ohtani K, Tajima S, Izumori K,


• Kato-Noguchi H, Takaoka T, Izumori Ken. Psicose inhibits lettuce root growth via a hexokinase-independent pathway. Physiologia Plantarum, 2005, 125:293-298.


Induces Systemic Acquired Resistance• Akimitsu K, Takeshi I, Masaaki T. 2004. Plant Disease Injury-Resistance Amplifying Agent Comprising Rare Sugar,

Japanese Patent 2004300079.• Akimitsu K, Takeshi I, Shigeyuki T, Mika T, Masaaki T, Yutaka I, Kazumasa K, Rika K. 2006. Use of Rare Sugar for

Plants or Microbes, Japanese Patent 2006008669.• Kano A, Hosotani K, Gomi K, Yamasaki-Kokudo Y, Shirakawa C, Fukumoto T, Ohtani K, Tajima S, Izumori K,


Protects Against Environmental Stress• Akimitsu K, Takeshi I, Shigeyuki T, Mika T, Masaaki T, Yutaka I, Kazumasa K, Rika K. 2006. Use of Rare Sugar for

Plants or Microbes, Japanese Patent 2006008669.• Kakibuchi K, Aritomo H, Kudo R, Kozuki A, Ishida Y, Izumori K, Tajima S, Akimitsu K, Tanaka K, Ohkouchi T. 2011.

Study on the use of rare sugars in hydroponics. In: Proc. 5th International Symposium of Rare Sugars, Kagawa, 9-12 November, S37.

• Yamada Y, Kakibuchi K, Kozuki A, Ishkia Y, Izumori K, Tajima S, Akimitsu K, Ohkouchki T, Kasai F. Effects of the Rare Sugars D-psicose and D-tagatose on the Sugar Content and Incidence of Blossom End Rot in Tomato Grown Hydroponically with Salinity Treatment. Environmental Control in Biology 2014, 52(3):155-160.

Promotes Growth• Akimitsu K, Takeshi I, Shigeyuki T, Mika T, Masaaki T, Yutaka I, Kazumasa K, Rika K. 2006. Use of Rare Sugar for

Plants or Microbes, Japanese Patent 2006008669.

Supports Beneficial Endophytes (Plant Bacteria)• Yang H, Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP. Substrate utilization by endophytic bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-

2R that may facilitate bacterial entrance and survival inside diverse plant hosts. Facets 2017, 2(1):120-130.

fasting mm glucose % hba1c allulose promotes glycemic...

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