Final Study Guide

Child Development

Small motor skills

• Small muscle development– Example: holding a crayon

Large motor skills

• Large muscle development – Example: running

• Hand-eye coordination - visual motor skills used for eating, catching a ball and coloring

• Attachment – bond between the child and the caregiver

• Stranger anxiety – when baby fears unusual people

• Separation anxiety – fear that children have of being away from their caregivers

• Parallel play – playing near, but not with other kids

• Cooperative play – playing with others

• Ambidextrous – ability to use both hands

• Imitation learning – learning when the child follows the lead of someone else

• Attention span – ability to focus on experiences

• Perception – how babies hear, smell, and feeling things

• Empathy – understanding how someone else feels

• Imagination – type of learning that is creative– Example: coloring or dramatic play

• Fallopian tube – location where conception takes place

• Depth perception – recognizing things as 3-dimensional

• Swaddling – wrapping a baby up tight to comfort him/her

• Conception – moment when the sperm and egg meet

• Umbilical cord – provides nutrition to the baby from the mother

• X and Y chromosome – X = female Y = male

• Self concept – how we feel about ourselves

List and describe the three patterns of development.

• Head to foot – baby can lift his/her head then can walk

• Near to far – has control of parts close to the body and then those far away

• Simple to complex – baby can drink from a bottle and eventually can use silverware

List three tips for car seat safety.

• Put the seat in the back middle

• Never use an outdated car seat

• Keep straps snug

• Face seat backwards until child is 20lbs.

List three tips for toilet training

• Use cheerios for aiming

• Be prepared for accidents

• Take children to the bathroom frequently

• Use a potty chair

• Don’t train babies

Name two benefits of reading with children.

• Helps them learn to talk

• Bonding

• Small motor skills – turning pages

• Develops attention span

• Teaches new words

Name two ways babies comfort themselves.

• Pacifier

• Suck his/her thumb

• Rub the silky edge of a blanket

• Twirl his/her hair

Things to check in a crying baby:

• Diaper

• Bottle

• Rocking

• Gas

Name a baby’s primary way of communicating.

• Crying

Babies show distress at what month?

• Birth

At what age to babies typically begin to crawl?

• 9-10

Why is it important to feed toddlers a variety of foods?

• Because they are developing their eating habits for the rest of their lives

List the benefits of breastfeeding:

• Raises intelligence

• Mother may lose weight more quickly

• Raise immune system

• Cheap/free

How many hours will a newborn baby sleep?

• 20

Babies enjoy looking at what?

• Faces

What immunizations do babies need?

• There are no immunizations for HIV!

Identify environmental hazards of pregnancy and effects on the baby.

• Alcohol – FAS

• Smoking – premature birth, low-birth weight

• Drugs – miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight

• Caffeine – depends on how much was drank

Describe the difference between identical and fraternal twins.

• Identical – from the same egg

• Fraternal – from different eggs