geometry section 2-2 1112

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SECTION 2-2 Logic Thursday, October 27, 2011

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Page 1: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

SECTION 2-2Logic

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 2: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Essential Questions

How do you determine truth values of negatives, conjunctions, disjunctions, and represent them using Venn diagrams?

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 3: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Vocabulary1. Statement:

2. Truth Value:

3. Negation:

4. Compound Statement:

5. Conjunction:

6. Disjunction:

7. Truth Table:

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 4: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Vocabulary1. Statement: A sentence that is either true or false, often represented

as statements p and q

2. Truth Value:

3. Negation:

4. Compound Statement:

5. Conjunction:

6. Disjunction:

7. Truth Table:

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 5: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Vocabulary1. Statement: A sentence that is either true or false, often represented

as statements p and q

2. Truth Value: The statement is either true (T) or false (F)

3. Negation:

4. Compound Statement:

5. Conjunction:

6. Disjunction:

7. Truth Table:

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 6: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Vocabulary1. Statement: A sentence that is either true or false, often represented

as statements p and q

2. Truth Value: The statement is either true (T) or false (F)

3. Negation: A statement with the opposite meaning and opposite truth value; the negation of p is ~p

4. Compound Statement:

5. Conjunction:

6. Disjunction:

7. Truth Table:

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 7: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Vocabulary1. Statement: A sentence that is either true or false, often represented

as statements p and q

2. Truth Value: The statement is either true (T) or false (F)

3. Negation: A statement with the opposite meaning and opposite truth value; the negation of p is ~p

4. Compound Statement: Two or more statements joined by and or or

5. Conjunction:

6. Disjunction:

7. Truth Table:

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 8: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Vocabulary1. Statement: A sentence that is either true or false, often represented

as statements p and q

2. Truth Value: The statement is either true (T) or false (F)

3. Negation: A statement with the opposite meaning and opposite truth value; the negation of p is ~p

4. Compound Statement: Two or more statements joined by and or or

5. Conjunction:

6. Disjunction:

7. Truth Table:

A compound statement using the word and or symbol ∧

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 9: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Vocabulary1. Statement: A sentence that is either true or false, often represented

as statements p and q

2. Truth Value: The statement is either true (T) or false (F)

3. Negation: A statement with the opposite meaning and opposite truth value; the negation of p is ~p

4. Compound Statement: Two or more statements joined by and or or

5. Conjunction:

6. Disjunction:

7. Truth Table:

A compound statement using the word and or symbol ∧A compound statement using the word or or symbol ∨

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 10: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Vocabulary1. Statement: A sentence that is either true or false, often represented

as statements p and q

2. Truth Value: The statement is either true (T) or false (F)

3. Negation: A statement with the opposite meaning and opposite truth value; the negation of p is ~p

4. Compound Statement: Two or more statements joined by and or or

5. Conjunction:

6. Disjunction:

7. Truth Table: A way to organize truth values of statements

A compound statement using the word and or symbol ∧A compound statement using the word or or symbol ∨

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 11: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 1Use the following statements to write a compound sentence for each

conjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

p: One meter is 100 mm q: November has 30 days

r: A line is defined by two points

a. p and q

b. ~ p ∧ r

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 12: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 1Use the following statements to write a compound sentence for each

conjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

p: One meter is 100 mm q: November has 30 days

r: A line is defined by two points

a. p and q

One meter is 100 mm and November has 30 days

b. ~ p ∧ r

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 13: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 1Use the following statements to write a compound sentence for each

conjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

p: One meter is 100 mm q: November has 30 days

r: A line is defined by two points

a. p and q

One meter is 100 mm and November has 30 daysq is true, but p is false, so the conjunction is false

b. ~ p ∧ r

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 14: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 1Use the following statements to write a compound sentence for each

conjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

p: One meter is 100 mm q: November has 30 days

r: A line is defined by two points

a. p and q

One meter is 100 mm and November has 30 daysq is true, but p is false, so the conjunction is false

One meter is not 100 mm and a line is defined by two points

b. ~ p ∧ r

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 15: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 1Use the following statements to write a compound sentence for each

conjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

p: One meter is 100 mm q: November has 30 days

r: A line is defined by two points

a. p and q

One meter is 100 mm and November has 30 daysq is true, but p is false, so the conjunction is false

One meter is not 100 mm and a line is defined by two points

b. ~ p ∧ r

Both ~p and r are true, so is true ~ p ∧ r

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 16: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 2Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

q: Kilometers are metric units

r: 15 is a prime number

a. p or q

b. q ∨ r

p: AB is proper notation for “ray AB”

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 17: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 2Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

q: Kilometers are metric units

r: 15 is a prime number

a. p or q

b. q ∨ r

p: AB is proper notation for “ray AB”

AB is proper notation for “ray AB” or kilometers are metric units

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 18: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 2Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

q: Kilometers are metric units

r: 15 is a prime number

a. p or q

Both p and q are true, so p or q is true

b. q ∨ r

p: AB is proper notation for “ray AB”

AB is proper notation for “ray AB” or kilometers are metric units

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 19: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 2Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

q: Kilometers are metric units

r: 15 is a prime number

a. p or q

Both p and q are true, so p or q is true

Kilometers are metric units or 15 is a prime number

b. q ∨ r

p: AB is proper notation for “ray AB”

AB is proper notation for “ray AB” or kilometers are metric units

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 20: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 2Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

q: Kilometers are metric units

r: 15 is a prime number

a. p or q

Both p and q are true, so p or q is true

Kilometers are metric units or 15 is a prime number

b. q ∨ r

Since one of the statements (q) is true, is true q ∨ r

p: AB is proper notation for “ray AB”

AB is proper notation for “ray AB” or kilometers are metric units

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 21: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 2Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

q: Kilometers are metric units

r: 15 is a prime number

c. ~ p ∨ r

p: AB is proper notation for “ray AB”

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 22: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 2Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

q: Kilometers are metric units

r: 15 is a prime number

c. ~ p ∨ r

p: AB is proper notation for “ray AB”

AB is not proper notation of “ray AB” or 15 is a prime number

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 23: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 2Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain your reasoning.

q: Kilometers are metric units

r: 15 is a prime number

c. ~ p ∨ r

Since both ~p and r are false, is false ~ p ∨ r

p: AB is proper notation for “ray AB”

AB is not proper notation of “ray AB” or 15 is a prime number

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 24: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

a. p ∧ q

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 25: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

a. p ∧ q

p q p ∧ q

T T T

T F F

F T F

F F F

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 26: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

a. p ∧ q

p q p ∧ q

T T T

T F F

F T F

F F F

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 27: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

a. p ∧ q

p q p ∧ q

T T T

T F F

F T F

F F F

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 28: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

b. ~ p ∧ (~ p ∨ q)

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 29: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

b. ~ p ∧ (~ p ∨ q)

p q ~p ~p∨q ~p∧(~p∨q)

T T F T F

T F F F F

F T T T T

F F T T T

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 30: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

b. ~ p ∧ (~ p ∨ q)

p q ~p ~p∨q ~p∧(~p∨q)

T T F T F

T F F F F

F T T T T

F F T T T

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 31: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

b. ~ p ∧ (~ p ∨ q)

p q ~p ~p∨q ~p∧(~p∨q)

T T F T F

T F F F F

F T T T T

F F T T T

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 32: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

b. ~ p ∧ (~ p ∨ q)

p q ~p ~p∨q ~p∧(~p∨q)

T T F T F

T F F F F

F T T T T

F F T T T

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 33: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 3Construct a truth table for the following.

b. ~ p ∧ (~ p ∨ q)

p q ~p ~p∨q ~p∧(~p∨q)

T T F T F

T F F F F

F T T T T

F F T T T

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 34: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 4The Venn diagram shows the number of students enrolled in Maggie

Brann’s Dance School for tap, jazz, and ballet classes.

Tap28

Jazz43

Ballet29

9

2517

25

a. How many students are enrolled in all three classes?

b. How many students are enrolled in tap or ballet?

c. How many students are enrolled in jazz and ballet, but not tap?

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 35: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 4The Venn diagram shows the number of students enrolled in Maggie

Brann’s Dance School for tap, jazz, and ballet classes.

Tap28

Jazz43

Ballet29

9

2517

25

a. How many students are enrolled in all three classes?

b. How many students are enrolled in tap or ballet?

c. How many students are enrolled in jazz and ballet, but not tap?

9 students

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 36: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 4The Venn diagram shows the number of students enrolled in Maggie

Brann’s Dance School for tap, jazz, and ballet classes.

Tap28

Jazz43

Ballet29

9

2517

25

a. How many students are enrolled in all three classes?

b. How many students are enrolled in tap or ballet?

c. How many students are enrolled in jazz and ballet, but not tap?

9 students

28 + 25 + 9 + 17 + 29 +25

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 37: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 4The Venn diagram shows the number of students enrolled in Maggie

Brann’s Dance School for tap, jazz, and ballet classes.

Tap28

Jazz43

Ballet29

9

2517

25

a. How many students are enrolled in all three classes?

b. How many students are enrolled in tap or ballet?

c. How many students are enrolled in jazz and ballet, but not tap?

9 students

28 + 25 + 9 + 17 + 29 +25133 students

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 38: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Example 4The Venn diagram shows the number of students enrolled in Maggie

Brann’s Dance School for tap, jazz, and ballet classes.

Tap28

Jazz43

Ballet29

9

2517

25

a. How many students are enrolled in all three classes?

b. How many students are enrolled in tap or ballet?

c. How many students are enrolled in jazz and ballet, but not tap?

9 students

28 + 25 + 9 + 17 + 29 +25133 students

25 students

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 39: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Check Your Understanding

Problems 1-10 on page 101 can help you make sure you understand these concepts. Take a look at those problems and see what you can

do.

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 40: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Problem Set

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Page 41: Geometry Section 2-2 1112

Problem Set

p. 101 #11-32, 41

“Lack of money is no obstacle. Lack of an idea is an obstacle.” - Ken Hakuta

Thursday, October 27, 2011