1. A Year of Plants Herbology Final Review Project Herbology 101 Professor Tudor Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry

2. An Introduction to Herbology What is Herbology? Herbology is the study and use of magical and non- magical plants. Herbology can be a dangerous field as there are many poisonous and deadly plants. Herbology has many uses for magical people; a witch or wizard can use plants in potions and for healing. Every plant, including the non-magical ones, has its own useful properties. Necessary Equipment Dragon-hide gloves of a good, strong quality to protect your hands as well as keep them clean. A wand, because you will need to use magic when dealing with certain plants. Earmuffs are important, certain plants like the mandrake can kill you with their cries. Closed toe shoes, an apron, and a mask are also advised for protection. Plant Nutrition Dragon Dung can often be used as a fertilizer or a compost to create fertilizer for soil. It is scentless and breaks things down exceptionally well due to its high acidity. Mooncalf Dung is another fertilizer option, though not as strong as Dragon Dung. This option is better for more sensitive plants, though it may lack enough nutrients for the plant. Centaur Tears are a controversial way to bring rich nutrients to a plant; the tears can revive a dying plant in moments. They are toxic to some plants. Class Objectives Students will learn to understand and appreciate Herbology's role in the Wizarding World. Students will understand the equipment necessary for Herbology and why it's necessary. To help students appreciate the uniqueness of plants and understand that different plants need to be cared for in different ways. For students to understand that first years have no due dates. 3. Brewing with Care Plants and Potion Ingredients Mistletoe Berries and Poppy Heads Rose Thorns and Rose Oil Asphodel and Fluxweed Lovage and Motherwort Nettle and Aconite/monkshood/wolfsbane Valerian Sprigs and Leaping Toadstool Knotgrass and Peppermint Root of Aconite and Shrivelfigs Nux Myristica and Silverweed Snakeweed and Moonstone Starpuffs and Wormwood Plant Environment Each plant is unique in the same way that humans are, they need different things to thrive. Certain habitats will only be suitable to one type of plant versus another. Different plants need different amounts of water, sunlight, and types of fertilizer. Soil and the depth of the plant seed play an important role in the plant's development as well as repotting. Plant Specifics Starpuffs have a hypnotic quality while Moonstone causes drowsiness. Wormwood and Asphodel can be used to make a very powerful potion called the Draught of Living Death. Mistletoe Berries cause hallucinations while Valerian Sprigs are used as a sedative, perfect for the Forgetfulness Potion. Plants are chosen for potions based on their properties. Healers would use non-toxic plants that have healing powers, while flowers might be used in beauty potions. 4. Herbsand FungiGillyweed A rare herb native to the Mediterranean Sea and requires a large amount of water, but little sunlight. It can grow to a height of 5-7 centimeters in moderately alkaline soil with a pH range of 7.9-8.4. Gillyweed is a slimy gray-green plant that grows in bushels, when consumed by a human, the human grows gills and webs between the toes and fingers and can breathe under water for up to an hour, depending on the type of water. It's also used to make gillywater, a refreshing drink. Gillyweed Valerian Root Valerian Root (and Sprigs) Native to Europe and some of Asia, but it has migrated to North America. The plant can grow to be five feet and forms bunches of flower, it needs at least 7 hours of sunlight. The seed should be planted in very acidic soil with a pH level of 4.5-5.0 and be planted 1/8 of an inch down. It has sedative and anxiolytic properties and is used in sleeping potions and calming draughts. It's also used in perfumes for it's cherry-vanilla scent. This plant is used in the Drought of Living Death and the Forgetfulness Potion. 5. Herbsand Fungi Pt. 2 Knotgrass Native to European forests, including the Forbidden Forest, it can grow from 5 centimeters-4 meters tall. It grows in soil with light acid, 6.1-6.5 p, to neutral, 6.6- 7.3 and requires plenty of water and sunlight. Knotgrass can grow anywhere from 2 inches to 14 feet in a greenhouse and produce white, pink, or green flowers. Knotgrass is symbolic of tying two people together and often used in the Polyjuice Potion. Knotgrass DittanyDittany Only grows naturally on the mountainside of Crete, Greece, but it can be grown in greenhouses. Grows 20-30 centimeters and needs lots of sunlight and warmth. It grows in soil with a neutral pH level of 6.6-7.3. In a greenhouse, the temperature should be set to 13 degrees Celsius, the seed should be light covered with soil and sprinkled with water. You should wait until the soil is dry before watering, though it's okay to give it a bit much. Dittany is used often for healing and even love potions. 6. Risky Business Dangerous Plants Not all magical and non-magical plants are exactly friendly or harmless. There are many dangerous plants used in the Wizarding World. While studying Herbology, students will be exposed to several dangerous plants, some can even kill you. It is extremely important that students understand how to care for dangerous plants and know what precautions to take when dealing with them. Protective gear is extremely important when dealing with plants that can endanger students. It is also important that the students know certain spells and the proper way to save themselves or someone else if they should be harmed or ensnared by a dangerous plant. Like the more harmless plants, dangerous plants also have many uses in potions and the magical world, so it's necessary to learn how to care for them. These plants also have their own needs when it comes to habitat, soil, sunlight, and water. The Mandrake Common to European countries, resembles tobacco plants, and grows best where men have been hung. The mandrake's cries can kill a human being. Mandrakes are used in sleeping potions, love potions, and potions that revive a petrified person; the plant causes hallucinations and comas. If a person slips into a coma from contact with a mandrake, the contact site should be cleaned and a healer sent for. Mandrake 7. Risky BusinessPt. 2 Devil's Snare Native to Scottish highlands and lowlands, it will grow almost anywhere that is dark and damp. The plant can often be found in caves due to its extreme aversion to heat and light, the plant can be recognized by its vivid green color and swaying tendrils. This plant is used to guard objects and even for assassinations as it will ensnare and strangle its victims to death. The best defense against this plant is a spell that causes heat or light, such as Incendio and Lumos. Devil's Snare BubotuberBubotuber Native to Scotland and releases a gas-scented yellow pus when it is squeezed; it looks like a black slug. When properly diluted, the pus can be used to treat acne, otherwise it will cause rashes and burns. To grow it, the bulb has to be planted in dark, nutrient rich soil and it requires very little sunlight, surviving easily in cold weather. If you are burned by the pus, you should rinse the area with cold water for several minutes and apply dittany. 8. A Jack of All Trades Rat Root Also known as Acorus calamus, sea sledge, flat root, sweet myrtle, etc. It's a reed-like perennial that can grow as tall as one meter. The leaves of the plant have a strong bitter smell and can replace ginger or cinnamon, though it's not recommended. Rat Root has many qualities. It is abortifacient, so it should not be given to pregnant women. Other qualities of the plant include being: anodyne, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, carminative, diuretic, hallucinogen, laxative, otalgic, and a sedative. Rat Root has a wide variety of uses due to its range of qualities and properties. Rat Root is used in floor coverings, healing potions, and even digestive potions. Rat Root grows best in moist soils as it's a water plant and requires lots of sunlight. It should be watered at least once every two to three days and grows best in shallow water. The plant blooms between May and July. Rat Root 9. Caring for Advanced Plants Bouncing Bulb Also known as the Resilio bulbus, this plant is purple in color and likes to jump around, hence its name. This plant requires a very large amount of dirt, several buckets full, with a neutral pH level in a bright area. Centaur Tears work best for watering these plants that can grow as big as doorways and turn aggressive. They jump towards any possible attacker when feeling threatened and can be repelled by the Knockback Jinx when they're small, or Incendio when they're big. Bouncing Bulb Gurdyroot Gurdyroot These plants look a lot like green onions, but smell awful. Gurdyroots taste as bad as they smell and are often used to ward off evil, even in potions. They can grow in most any environment so long as the soil is nutrient-rich and they have enough sunlight and water. The plant can grow up to 15 centimeters in diameter if it has enough sun and should be planted in a pot 7 and a half times the size of the bulb. A protective spell should be used to keep magical bugs at bay. 10. Caring for Advanced PlantsPt. 2 Aconite Also known as monkshood or wolfsbane, and many other names by muggles, it is very poisonous. It's a very powerful, poisonous sedative and can be used to treat prickly pain in the skin when used cautiously. It grows best in the wild, in forest and mountain ranges, in mild temperatures. Dark, fluffy, nutritious soil is necessary for this plant to grow. If the aconite gets in your system, you should seek medical help immediately as large doses can be instantly fatal. Aconite Wormwood Wormwood Wormwood is often associated with bitterness and grows to a height between one and two centimeters. It is common in Europe and has leaves that are between 2 and 8 inches and woody roots. The plant thrives in salty water, possibly causing the bitter taste of the plant. Wormwood can induce sweating, increase hunger, stimulate the imagination, settle the stomach, and reduce pain. It is often used in digestive potions and the Draught of Living Death. 11. A LittleLessMagical Lily Plants Lilies come in all different colors, shapes and sizes. The flowers can be blue, pink, purple, yellow, orange, white, or a few other colors. The flowers are often shaped like bowls, funnels, or stars among other shapes. The lily's stem is usually a green, red, or purple and can grow to be as tall as 1-10 feet. This plant needs lots of sunlight, 5-6 hours a day is best. Lilies are grown by planting bulbs into nutrient-rich soil, of an inch into the ground. Regular water works best for lilies since they're a non-magical plant. The lily's leaves help it produce flowers by catching the rays of the sun and turning them into carbohydrates, which are stored in the bulbs to produce flowers. This particular plant has many health benefits, especially for the heart, and can be used in several healing potions. The plant can also treat minor burns, and in tea form it can be used to treat many ailments such as: coughs, fevers, and stomach disorders. The scent of the lily can be used to bring feelings of happiness and security to depressed people. Lily Plant 12. A LittleLessMagical Pt. 2 English Rose This plant grows best in partial to full sunlight and is classified as a shrub that can grow from 1 to 20 feet tall, and 2 to 4 feet wide. The flowers can be many colors, blue, pink, green, orange, red, or white, and it the shrub grows best in soil with a pH range of 5.5-7.0. If you need to test the pH level, you can use Acidious revealious to reveal the level. You can add ground limestone and ground sulfur to raise and lower the pH level. Roses should be heavily watered, but only occasionally, twice a week at most during the hottest seasons. This allows the deepest parts of the roots to be reached. Pure rose oil is very expensive, but is the only kind that is safe to use medicinally. Rose oil has as many as 40 medicinal uses, but a healer should always be consulted before it is used for any reason. Some of the uses of Rose oil are: Cleansing properties, eases cough, stops nose bleeds, used in love potions and perfumes, eases sore throats, treats influenza, treats rabid dog bites, chronic finger sores, and it can be used as a source of Vitamin-C. The following non-magical plants are also often used in potions: vanilla, coco, orchids, salvia, akabia and shilajit. English Rose 13. Troubleswith Herbology The Gardening Effect Herbologists face quite a few controversial issues in their field of study, many of them brought on by the lack of respect shown to the field, except by Potioneers and Healers. Due to the modern world and the modern way of thinking, many muggles believe that plants aren't nearly as important as material things, and wizards and witches seem to think that Herbology and plants have more to do with the muggle world than the Wizarding World. However, witches and wizards are as much a part of the natural world as muggles and plants. Magic is a part of the natural world, though we sometimes forget that fact. Due to the Gardening Effect, we also lose a lot of funding in the field oh Herbology to other fields that are considered more respectable. Therefore, we're unable to study as many plants as we would like. We do get some help from Potioneers and Healers. However, we also lose a lot of Herbologists to the fields of potion-making and healing as such positions require the same amount of education and pay more. There's also the added bonus of not being ridiculed for their line of work as it's considered respectable. Alien Species By alien species, I don't mean those things that fought against the predators in that one movie or even little green men from space. Alien species are plants that have somehow integrated into a new habitat that is not their native habitat. The seed propagates into the new territory and adapts, then begins to change the habitat, possibly destroying the original ecosystem by using up the resources that were not originally meant for the plant. Eventually, many of the plant species that lived there can become extinct due to the alien species' take over. There are many hazards that come from such a take over by a foreign plant. As I said before, the original ecosystem is not equipped to handle the new species and so many of the resources that go to other plants will be drained by this specie. Plant species can go extinct and the altered habitat becomes at risk for fire and other natural calamities. It's important for Herbologists to know where there are alien species in a habitat because it's best if plants are studied in their natural habitat. Dandelions were actually introduced to North America to help strengthen the ground, these alien species aren't always a bad thing. 14. Thank you for taking thetimeto look over my final project, theHerbology Review. I hopeyou enjoyed it!