imaging molecolare ad alta risoluzione spaziale ed alta efficienza f. garibaldi 09-02-04 - cv infn
If you can't read please download the document
DESCRIPTION
Imaging molecolare ad alta risoluzione spaziale ed alta efficienza F. Garibaldi 09-02-04 - CV INFN. - perche’ - come cosa occorre richiesta. Functional Molecular Imaging. What is needed. Submillimetric spatial resolution -High efficiency collimation is a key parameter - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
-
Imaging molecolare ad alta risoluzione spaziale ed alta efficienzaF. Garibaldi 09-02-04 - CV INFN- perche- come cosa occorre richiesta
-
Small animal imaging, important area of bio-medical research- studying new radiopharmaceuticals- animal such mice serve as models for many studies (neural function, coronary diseases, cancer, stem cells etc.) Models of bone dismetabolism(osteoporosys)(h) Drug metabolism (m)Brain tumors ( for example, neuroblastoma in children) (h)Studying specific vs aspecific uptake of radiopharmaceuticals (m)Studying Annexin V peptide (it is taken up in apopotosys) (m)Brain activity measurements (m)Stem cells (d,w)Submillimetric spatial resolution-High efficiency collimation is a key parameter standard parallel hole collimator pinhole multipinholeTechniques - PET - intrinsic limitations- expensive - Single Photon Emission simpler technique tradeoff spatial resolution vs sensitivity and FOV
complementarityChallenging detectorsWhat is neededSome exampleLarge collaboration is needed (physicist and M.D.)Functional Molecular Imaging
-
g = de2/16xb2pin holeparallel hole spatial resolution efficiency a = pin hole - detector distance b = pin hole - object distance d = hole aperture a = pin hole angle
-
R2486 (3 inch) R3292 (5 inch) or H8500 (Flat panel)FOV=20 mmFOV=10 mm
Chart1
0.430.433774
0.430.433774
0.440.433774
0.440.433774
0.450.433774
0.550.556217
0.550.556217
0.560.556217
0.560.556217
0.570.556217
0.670.679253
0.670.679253
0.680.679253
0.680.679253
0.680.679253
0.790.7912881
0.790.7912881
0.80.7912881
0.80.7912881
0.80.7912881
0.910.9117102
0.910.9117102
0.920.9117102
0.920.9117102
0.920.9117102
1.031.0321915
1.031.0321915
1.041.0321915
1.041.0321915
1.041.0321915
1.151.1527321
1.151.1527321
1.161.1527321
1.161.1527321
1.161.1527321
1.271.2733320
1.271.2733320
1.281.2733320
1.281.2733320
1.281.2733320
1.391.3939911
1.391.3939911
1.41.3939911
1.41.3939911
1.41.3939911
counts(c/mCi/s)
R
rg
c/mCi/s
d (mm)
R (mm)
Resolution vs pinhole apertures and counts for different intrinsic resolution (FOV=10 m)
tot.out
xkddetetargriricRgc/mCi/sbdRrgc/mCi/s
1.20.30.36300.430.140.030.430.0001137748.660.30.430.433774
1.20.30.36300.430.270.050.430.0001137748.660.30.430.433774
1.20.30.36300.430.410.080.440.0001137748.660.30.440.433774
1.20.30.36300.430.540.110.440.0001137748.660.30.440.433774
1.20.30.36300.430.680.140.450.0001137748.660.30.450.433774
1.20.40.46300.550.140.030.550.0001762178.660.40.550.556217
1.20.40.46300.550.270.050.550.0001762178.660.40.550.556217
1.20.40.46300.550.410.080.560.0001762178.660.40.560.556217
1.20.40.46300.550.540.110.560.0001762178.660.40.560.556217
1.20.40.46300.550.680.140.570.0001762178.660.40.570.556217
1.20.50.56300.670.140.030.670.0002692538.660.50.670.679253
1.20.50.56300.670.270.050.670.0002692538.660.50.670.679253
1.20.50.56300.670.410.080.680.0002692538.660.50.680.679253
1.20.50.56300.670.540.110.680.0002692538.660.50.680.679253
1.20.50.56300.670.680.140.680.0002692538.660.50.680.679253
1.20.60.66300.790.140.030.790.00036128818.660.60.790.7912881
1.20.60.66300.790.270.050.790.00036128818.660.60.790.7912881
1.20.60.66300.790.410.080.80.00036128818.660.60.80.7912881
1.20.60.66300.790.540.110.80.00036128818.660.60.80.7912881
1.20.60.66300.790.680.140.80.00036128818.660.60.80.7912881
1.20.70.76300.910.140.030.910.00048171028.660.70.910.9117102
1.20.70.76300.910.270.050.910.00048171028.660.70.910.9117102
1.20.70.76300.910.410.080.920.00048171028.660.70.920.9117102
1.20.70.76300.910.540.110.920.00048171028.660.70.920.9117102
1.20.70.76300.910.680.140.920.00048171028.660.70.920.9117102
1.20.80.86301.030.140.031.030.00062219158.660.81.031.0321915
1.20.80.86301.030.270.051.030.00062219158.660.81.031.0321915
1.20.80.86301.030.410.081.040.00062219158.660.81.041.0321915
1.20.80.86301.030.540.111.040.00062219158.660.81.041.0321915
1.20.80.86301.030.680.141.040.00062219158.660.81.041.0321915
1.20.90.96301.150.140.031.150.00077273218.660.91.151.1527321
1.20.90.96301.150.270.051.150.00077273218.660.91.151.1527321
1.20.90.96301.150.410.081.160.00077273218.660.91.161.1527321
1.20.90.96301.150.540.111.160.00077273218.660.91.161.1527321
1.20.90.96301.150.680.141.160.00077273218.660.91.161.1527321
1.211.06301.270.140.031.270.00094333208.6611.271.2733320
1.211.06301.270.270.051.270.00094333208.6611.271.2733320
1.211.06301.270.410.081.280.00094333208.6611.281.2733320
1.211.06301.270.540.111.280.00094333208.6611.281.2733320
1.211.06301.270.680.141.280.00094333208.6611.281.2733320
1.21.11.16301.390.140.031.390.00112399118.661.11.391.3939911
1.21.11.16301.390.270.051.390.00112399118.661.11.391.3939911
1.21.11.16301.390.410.081.40.00112399118.661.11.41.3939911
1.21.11.16301.390.540.111.40.00112399118.661.11.41.3939911
1.21.11.16301.390.680.141.40.00112399118.661.11.41.3939911
tot.out
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
counts(c/mCi/s)
R
rg
c/mCi/s
d (mm)
R (mm)
Resolution vs pinhole apertures and counts for different intrinsic resolution (FOV=10 m)
Chart1
0.50.5944
0.510.5944
0.530.5944
0.540.5944
0.570.5944
0.640.641554
0.650.641554
0.660.641554
0.680.641554
0.70.641554
0.780.782313
0.790.782313
0.80.782313
0.810.782313
0.830.782313
0.920.923220
0.930.923220
0.940.923220
0.950.923220
0.960.923220
1.071.064276
1.071.064276
1.081.064276
1.091.064276
1.11.064276
1.211.25479
1.211.25479
1.221.25479
1.221.25479
1.231.25479
1.351.346830
1.351.346830
1.351.346830
1.361.346830
1.371.346830
1.491.488330
1.491.488330
1.491.488330
1.51.488330
1.511.488330
1.631.629978
1.631.629978
1.631.629978
1.641.629978
1.651.629978
counts(c/mCi/s)
R(mm)
Resolution vs pinhole aperture and c ounts for different intrinsic resolution
d(mm)
R
rg
c/mCi/s
tot.out
xkddetetargriricRgc/mCi/sbdRrgric/mCi/s
1.40.30.36300.50.140.050.50.0000394417.320.30.50.50.14944
1.40.30.36300.50.270.110.510.0000394417.320.30.510.50.27944
1.40.30.36300.50.410.160.530.0000394417.320.30.530.50.41944
1.40.30.36300.50.540.220.540.0000394417.320.30.540.50.54944
1.40.30.36300.50.680.270.570.0000394417.320.30.570.50.68944
1.40.40.46300.640.140.050.640.00004155417.320.40.640.640.141554
1.40.40.46300.640.270.110.650.00004155417.320.40.650.640.271554
1.40.40.46300.640.410.160.660.00004155417.320.40.660.640.411554
1.40.40.46300.640.540.220.680.00004155417.320.40.680.640.541554
1.40.40.46300.640.680.270.70.00004155417.320.40.70.640.681554
1.40.50.56300.780.140.050.780.00007231317.320.50.780.780.142313
1.40.50.56300.780.270.110.790.00007231317.320.50.790.780.272313
1.40.50.56300.780.410.160.80.00007231317.320.50.80.780.412313
1.40.50.56300.780.540.220.810.00007231317.320.50.810.780.542313
1.40.50.56300.780.680.270.830.00007231317.320.50.830.780.682313
1.40.60.66300.920.140.050.920.00009322017.320.60.920.920.143220
1.40.60.66300.920.270.110.930.00009322017.320.60.930.920.273220
1.40.60.66300.920.410.160.940.00009322017.320.60.940.920.413220
1.40.60.66300.920.540.220.950.00009322017.320.60.950.920.543220
1.40.60.66300.920.680.270.960.00009322017.320.60.960.920.683220
1.40.70.76301.060.140.051.070.00012427617.320.71.071.060.144276
1.40.70.76301.060.270.111.070.00012427617.320.71.071.060.274276
1.40.70.76301.060.410.161.080.00012427617.320.71.081.060.414276
1.40.70.76301.060.540.221.090.00012427617.320.71.091.060.544276
1.40.70.76301.060.680.271.10.00012427617.320.71.11.060.684276
1.40.80.86301.20.140.051.210.00015547917.320.81.211.20.145479
1.40.80.86301.20.270.111.210.00015547917.320.81.211.20.275479
1.40.80.86301.20.410.161.220.00015547917.320.81.221.20.415479
1.40.80.86301.20.540.221.220.00015547917.320.81.221.20.545479
1.40.80.86301.20.680.271.230.00015547917.320.81.231.20.685479
1.40.90.96301.340.140.051.350.00019683017.320.91.351.340.146830
1.40.90.96301.340.270.111.350.00019683017.320.91.351.340.276830
1.40.90.96301.340.410.161.350.00019683017.320.91.351.340.416830
1.40.90.96301.340.540.221.360.00019683017.320.91.361.340.546830
1.40.90.96301.340.680.271.370.00019683017.320.91.371.340.686830
1.411.06301.480.140.051.490.00023833017.3211.491.480.148330
1.411.06301.480.270.111.490.00023833017.3211.491.480.278330
1.411.06301.480.410.161.490.00023833017.3211.491.480.418330
1.411.06301.480.540.221.50.00023833017.3211.51.480.548330
1.411.06301.480.680.271.510.00023833017.3211.511.480.688330
1.41.11.16301.620.140.051.630.00028997817.321.11.631.620.149978
1.41.11.16301.620.270.111.630.00028997817.321.11.631.620.279978
1.41.11.16301.620.410.161.630.00028997817.321.11.631.620.419978
1.41.11.16301.620.540.221.640.00028997817.321.11.641.620.549978
1.41.11.16301.620.680.271.650.00028997817.321.11.651.620.689978
tot.out
counts(c/mCi/s)
R(mm)
Resolution vs pinhole aperture and c ounts for different intrinsic resolution
d(mm)
R
rg
c/mCi/s
Chart1
0.432831
0.432831
0.442831
0.442831
0.452831
0.554663
0.554663
0.564663
0.564663
0.574663
0.676940
0.676940
0.686940
0.686940
0.686940
0.799661
0.799661
0.89661
0.89661
0.89661
0.9112826
0.9112826
0.9212826
0.9212826
0.9212826
1.0316436
1.0316436
1.0416436
1.0416436
1.0416436
1.1520491
1.1520491
1.1620491
1.1620491
1.1620491
1.2724989
1.2724989
1.2824989
1.2824989
1.2824989
1.3929932
1.3929932
1.429932
1.429932
1.429932
R
c/mCi/s
tot.out
xkddetetargriricRgc/mCi/sbdRc/mCi/s
1.20.30.36450.430.140.030.430.00008283117.320.30.432831
1.20.30.36450.430.270.050.430.00008283117.320.30.432831
1.20.30.36450.430.410.080.440.00008283117.320.30.442831
1.20.30.36450.430.540.110.440.00008283117.320.30.442831
1.20.30.36450.430.680.140.450.00008283117.320.30.452831
1.20.40.46450.550.140.030.550.00013466317.320.40.554663
1.20.40.46450.550.270.050.550.00013466317.320.40.554663
1.20.40.46450.550.410.080.560.00013466317.320.40.564663
1.20.40.46450.550.540.110.560.00013466317.320.40.564663
1.20.40.46450.550.680.140.570.00013466317.320.40.574663
1.20.50.56450.670.140.030.670.0002694017.320.50.676940
1.20.50.56450.670.270.050.670.0002694017.320.50.676940
1.20.50.56450.670.410.080.680.0002694017.320.50.686940
1.20.50.56450.670.540.110.680.0002694017.320.50.686940
1.20.50.56450.670.680.140.680.0002694017.320.50.686940
1.20.60.66450.790.140.030.790.00027966117.320.60.799661
1.20.60.66450.790.270.050.790.00027966117.320.60.799661
1.20.60.66450.790.410.080.80.00027966117.320.60.89661
1.20.60.66450.790.540.110.80.00027966117.320.60.89661
1.20.60.66450.790.680.140.80.00027966117.320.60.89661
1.20.70.76450.910.140.030.910.000361282617.320.70.9112826
1.20.70.76450.910.270.050.910.000361282617.320.70.9112826
1.20.70.76450.910.410.080.920.000361282617.320.70.9212826
1.20.70.76450.910.540.110.920.000361282617.320.70.9212826
1.20.70.76450.910.680.140.920.000361282617.320.70.9212826
1.20.80.86451.030.140.031.030.000461643617.320.81.0316436
1.20.80.86451.030.270.051.030.000461643617.320.81.0316436
1.20.80.86451.030.410.081.040.000461643617.320.81.0416436
1.20.80.86451.030.540.111.040.000461643617.320.81.0416436
1.20.80.86451.030.680.141.040.000461643617.320.81.0416436
1.20.90.96451.150.140.031.150.000582049117.320.91.1520491
1.20.90.96451.150.270.051.150.000582049117.320.91.1520491
1.20.90.96451.150.410.081.160.000582049117.320.91.1620491
1.20.90.96451.150.540.111.160.000582049117.320.91.1620491
1.20.90.96451.150.680.141.160.000582049117.320.91.1620491
1.211.06451.270.140.031.270.00072498917.3211.2724989
1.211.06451.270.270.051.270.00072498917.3211.2724989
1.211.06451.270.410.081.280.00072498917.3211.2824989
1.211.06451.270.540.111.280.00072498917.3211.2824989
1.211.06451.270.680.141.280.00072498917.3211.2824989
1.21.11.16451.390.140.031.390.000842993217.321.11.3929932
1.21.11.16451.390.270.051.390.000842993217.321.11.3929932
1.21.11.16451.390.410.081.40.000842993217.321.11.429932
1.21.11.16451.390.540.111.40.000842993217.321.11.429932
1.21.11.16451.390.680.141.40.000842993217.321.11.429932
tot.out
R
c/mCi/s
Chart1
0.3911322
0.3911322
0.3911322
0.411322
0.411322
0.518652
0.518652
0.5118652
0.5118652
0.5118652
0.6127758
0.6227758
0.6227758
0.6227758
0.6227758
0.7338643
0.7338643
0.7338643
0.7338643
0.7338643
0.8451305
0.8451305
0.8451305
0.8451305
0.8451305
0.9565745
0.9565745
0.9565745
0.9565745
0.9565745
1.0681962
1.0681962
1.0681962
1.0681962
1.0681962
1.1799957
1.1799957
1.1799957
1.1799957
1.1799957
1.28119730
1.28119730
1.28119730
1.28119730
1.28119730
R
c/mCi/s
tot.out
xkddetetargririRgc/mCi/sbdRc/mCi/s
1.10.30.36300.40.140.010.390.000321132250.30.3911322
1.10.30.36300.40.270.030.390.000321132250.30.3911322
1.10.30.36300.40.410.040.390.000321132250.30.3911322
1.10.30.36300.40.540.050.40.000321132250.30.411322
1.10.30.36300.40.680.070.40.000321132250.30.411322
1.10.40.46300.510.140.010.50.000521865250.40.518652
1.10.40.46300.510.270.030.50.000521865250.40.518652
1.10.40.46300.510.410.040.510.000521865250.40.5118652
1.10.40.46300.510.540.050.510.000521865250.40.5118652
1.10.40.46300.510.680.070.510.000521865250.40.5118652
1.10.50.56300.620.140.010.610.000782775850.50.6127758
1.10.50.56300.620.270.030.620.000782775850.50.6227758
1.10.50.56300.620.410.040.620.000782775850.50.6227758
1.10.50.56300.620.540.050.620.000782775850.50.6227758
1.10.50.56300.620.680.070.620.000782775850.50.6227758
1.10.60.66300.740.140.010.730.001093864350.60.7338643
1.10.60.66300.740.270.030.730.001093864350.60.7338643
1.10.60.66300.740.410.040.730.001093864350.60.7338643
1.10.60.66300.740.540.050.730.001093864350.60.7338643
1.10.60.66300.740.680.070.730.001093864350.60.7338643
1.10.70.76300.850.140.010.840.001445130550.70.8451305
1.10.70.76300.850.270.030.840.001445130550.70.8451305
1.10.70.76300.850.410.040.840.001445130550.70.8451305
1.10.70.76300.850.540.050.840.001445130550.70.8451305
1.10.70.76300.850.680.070.840.001445130550.70.8451305
1.10.80.86300.960.140.010.950.001856574550.80.9565745
1.10.80.86300.960.270.030.950.001856574550.80.9565745
1.10.80.86300.960.410.040.950.001856574550.80.9565745
1.10.80.86300.960.540.050.950.001856574550.80.9565745
1.10.80.86300.960.680.070.950.001856574550.80.9565745
1.10.90.96301.070.140.011.060.002318196250.91.0681962
1.10.90.96301.070.270.031.060.002318196250.91.0681962
1.10.90.96301.070.410.041.060.002318196250.91.0681962
1.10.90.96301.070.540.051.060.002318196250.91.0681962
1.10.90.96301.070.680.071.060.002318196250.91.0681962
1.111.06301.180.140.011.170.0028199957511.1799957
1.111.06301.180.270.031.170.0028199957511.1799957
1.111.06301.180.410.041.170.0028199957511.1799957
1.111.06301.180.540.051.170.0028199957511.1799957
1.111.06301.180.680.071.170.0028199957511.1799957
1.11.11.16301.290.140.011.280.0033711973051.11.28119730
1.11.11.16301.290.270.031.280.0033711973051.11.28119730
1.11.11.16301.290.410.041.280.0033711973051.11.28119730
1.11.11.16301.290.540.051.280.0033711973051.11.28119730
1.11.11.16301.290.680.071.280.0033711973051.11.28119730
tot.out
R
c/mCi/s
-
Scintillator arrays
-
.pinhole collimator
.array od pixellated scintillator (NaI(Tl))(1.25x1.25x5 mm3) and (1.8 x1.8 x6 mm3)
. PSPMT (R2486 (3) (Hamamatsu) Understanding limitations - spatial resolution- sensitivity what can be improved ? intrinsic detector performances FOV sensitivitystarting pointNot independentsimple desktop detector
-
H8500 6 mm H9500 3 mm
-
Comparison pin-hole parallel hole collimator 140 keV high resolution parallel hole collimator 57Co source 1 mm diameter at 5 mm distance - Parallel hole : ~ 15.9 counts/mCixs - Pinhole : ~ 3 counts/mCixs (1mm aperture)NaI(Tl), 1.8 x 1.8 mm pixel sizeFWHM = 1.7 mmI = 3 FWHM= 2.8 mm pin hole collimator only a factor ~ 5 efficiency
Chart1
4823
10465
26634
7700
974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
Chart1
40
60
87
86
121
160
309
1826
5130
7676
3600
1800
1040
355
118
84
75
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
10646941681681081841131461521168355500000000
00296379885665545769846090823000
0712092182132101701481841381631992002392923311092
1733494193743262902722262431982312011932623355417303033500000
652493450265204223247216234175269223164180250213483802356662000
68826616311814014725851959132365073616814413514817728540314217000
594139131111135127253608532354855142349214713011510915723714127500
55410010511312114230685812336719761301890228116106106134
656120172141176178543279747723447306336273832456173131130180
4069087861211603091826581876764331269428323551188475108
0246810121416182022242628303234
406087861211603091826513076763600180010403551188475108
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet2
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
-
Source diameter: ~ 1.0 mmNaI(Tl), 1.8 x 1.8x 5 mm3d = 7 mm (I=~7)d= 17 mm (I=3)FWHM = 1.7 mmFWHM = 1.3 mm NaI(Tl), 1.25x1.25x 5 mm3 I = 7FWHM = 1.3 mm Resolution doesnt improve, pixels identification not so good --> photodetector limitationFWHM = 1.1 mmPinhole aperture: 0.67 mmPinhole aperture : 1mm
Chart1
40
60
87
86
121
160
309
1826
5130
7676
3600
1800
1040
355
118
84
75
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
10646941681681081841131461521168355500000000
00296379885665545769846090823000
0712092182132101701481841381631992002392923311092
1733494193743262902722262431982312011932623355417303033500000
652493450265204223247216234175269223164180250213483802356662000
68826616311814014725851959132365073616814413514817728540314217000
594139131111135127253608532354855142349214713011510915723714127500
55410010511312114230685812336719761301890228116106106134
656120172141176178543279747723447306336273832456173131130180
4069087861211603091826581876764331269428323551188475108
0246810121416182022242628303234
406087861211603091826513076763600180010403551188475108
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet2
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
Chart3
3
4
10
20
30
35
86
220
371
480
392
253
156
90
60
40
30
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
10646941681681081841131461521168355500000000
00296379885665545769846090823000
0712092182132101701481841381631992002392923311092
1733494193743262902722262431982312011932623355417303033500000
652493450265204223247216234175269223164180250213483802356662000
68826616311814014725851959132365073616814413514817728540314217000
594139131111135127253608532354855142349214713011510915723714127500
55410010511312114230685812336719761301890228116106106134
656120172141176178543279747723447306336273832456173131130180
4069087861211603091826581876764331269428323551188475108
0246810121416182022242628303234
406087861211603091826581876764331240010403551188475108
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet3
24681012141617.62022242628303234
34102030358622037148039225315690604030
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet2
02468101214161820222426283032343638
394751591025711805260032883718312425241902101875655038028597252773
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
Chart4
20
40
70
114
97
90
92
82
86
90
249
913
2229
3387
3197
2640
1980
1440
900
506
126
110
67
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
10646941681681081841131461521168355500000000
00296379885665545769846090823000
0712092182132101701481841381631992002392923311092
1733494193743262902722262431982312011932623355417303033500000
652493450265204223247216234175269223164180250213483802356662000
68826616311814014725851959132365073616814413514817728540314217000
594139131111135127253608532354855142349214713011510915723714127500
55410010511312114230685812336719761301890228116106106134
656120172141176178543279747723447306336273832456173131130180
4069087861211603091826581876764331269428323551188475108
0246810121416182022242628303234
406087861211603091826581876764331240010403551188475108
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
24681012141617.62022242628303234
34102030355610024048039225315690604030
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet4
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.219.621.022.423.825.226.628.029.430.8
2040701149790928286902499132229338731972640198014409005061261106751486756
Sheet4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet2
02468101214161820222426283032343638
394751591025711805260032883718312425241902101875655038028597252773
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
-
NaI(Tl), 1.25 mm pixel size, M16Source diameter: ~ 1.0 mm, I ~ 7NaI(Tl), 1.8 mm pixel size, M161.1 mm FWHMNaI(Tl), 1.8 mm pixel size, M64NaI(Tl), 1.25 mm pixel size, M64Lets improve the pixel identification (better sampling at anode level (M16 (4 x 4 mm2 and M64 (2x2 mm2))1.0 mm FWHM1.0 mm FWHM1.1 mm FWHM
Chart8
8
90
462
1348
2130
3000
3529
3779
3388
2670
1905
1359
561
137
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
10646941681681081841131461521168355500000000
00296379885665545769846090823000
0712092182132101701481841381631992002392923311092
1733494193743262902722262431982312011932623355417303033500000
652493450265204223247216234175269223164180250213483802356662000
68826616311814014725851959132365073616814413514817728540314217000
594139131111135127253608532354855142349214713011510915723714127500
55410010511312114230685812336719761301890228116106106134
656120172141176178543279747723447306336273832456173131130180
4069087861211603091826581876764331269428323551188475108
0246810121416182022242628303234
406087861211603091826581876764331240010403551188475108
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
24681012141617.62022242628303234
34102030355610024048039225315690604030
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m16-nai1.4mm
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.2
890462134821303000352937793388267019051359561137
spot-m16-nai1.4mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m16-nai2mm
6261293130612019927846271377
372112610879707006133411196
63826969252693413327686001310
924141434544835875789815157511933
9551782855560506841382914466751872
74159752465026426565113075161530
56615402330243612398114661546
53594091210128095633741318
02468101214
7415975215002642656511306516400
spot-m16-nai2mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai1.4mm-7mmdist
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.219.621.022.423.825.226.628.029.430.8
20407011497909282869024991322293387319727002170156010705061261106751486756
spot-3inch-nai1.4mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet2
02468101214161820222426283032343638
394751591025711805260032883718312425241902101875655038028597252773
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
Chart6
741
9600
21500
26426
11800
1306
516
400
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
10646941681681081841131461521168355500000000
00296379885665545769846090823000
0712092182132101701481841381631992002392923311092
1733494193743262902722262431982312011932623355417303033500000
652493450265204223247216234175269223164180250213483802356662000
68826616311814014725851959132365073616814413514817728540314217000
594139131111135127253608532354855142349214713011510915723714127500
55410010511312114230685812336719761301890228116106106134
656120172141176178543279747723447306336273832456173131130180
4069087861211603091826581876764331269428323551188475108
0246810121416182022242628303234
406087861211603091826581876764331240010403551188475108
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
24681012141617.62022242628303234
34102030355610024048039225315690604030
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m16-nai2mm
6261293130612019927846271377
372112610879707006133411196
63826969252693413327686001310
924141434544835875789815157511933
9551782855560506841382914466751872
74159752465026426565113075161530
56615402330243612398114661546
53594091210128095633741318
02468101214
74196002150026426118001306516400
spot-m16-nai2mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai1.4mm-7mmdist
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.219.621.022.423.825.226.628.029.430.8
20407011497909282869024991322293387319727002170156010705061261106751486756
spot-3inch-nai1.4mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet2
02468101214161820222426283032343638
394751591025711805260032883718312425241902101875655038028597252773
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
Chart9
38
288
1731
15992
37857
27200
2208
182
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
10646941681681081841131461521168355500000000
00296379885665545769846090823000
0712092182132101701481841381631992002392923311092
1733494193743262902722262431982312011932623355417303033500000
652493450265204223247216234175269223164180250213483802356662000
68826616311814014725851959132365073616814413514817728540314217000
594139131111135127253608532354855142349214713011510915723714127500
55410010511312114230685812336719761301890228116106106134
656120172141176178543279747723447306336273832456173131130180
4069087861211603091826581876764331269428323551188475108
0246810121416182022242628303234
406087861211603091826581876764331240010403551188475108
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
24681012141617.62022242628303234
34102030355610024048039225315690604030
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m64-nai2mm
02468101214
3828817311599237857272002208182
spot-m64-nai2mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m16-nai1.4mm
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.2
890462134826833219352937793388305719051359561137
spot-m16-nai1.4mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m16-nai2mm
6261293130612019927846271377
372112610879707006133411196
63826969252693413327686001310
924141434544835875789815157511933
9551782855560506841382914466751872
74159752465026426565113075161530
56615402330243612398114661546
53594091210128095633741318
02468101214
7415975215002642656511306516400
spot-m16-nai2mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai1.4mm-7mmdist
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.219.621.022.423.825.226.628.029.430.8
20407011497909282869024991322293387319727002170156010705061261106751486756
spot-3inch-nai1.4mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet2
02468101214161820222426283032343638
394751591025711805260032883718312425241902101875655038028597252773
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
Chart10
8
11
13
2066
5650
9816
10870
10690
6900
3460
1600
112
60
40
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
10646941681681081841131461521168355500000000
00296379885665545769846090823000
0712092182132101701481841381631992002392923311092
1733494193743262902722262431982312011932623355417303033500000
652493450265204223247216234175269223164180250213483802356662000
68826616311814014725851959132365073616814413514817728540314217000
594139131111135127253608532354855142349214713011510915723714127500
55410010511312114230685812336719761301890228116106106134
656120172141176178543279747723447306336273832456173131130180
4069087861211603091826581876764331269428323551188475108
0246810121416182022242628303234
406087861211603091826581876764331240010403551188475108
spot-3inch-nai2mm-17mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
24681012141617.62022242628303234
34102030355610024048039225315690604030
spot-3inch-nai2mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet8
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.2
8111320665650981610870106906900346016001126040
Sheet8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m64-nai2mm
02468101214
3828817311599237857272002208182
spot-m64-nai2mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m16-nai1.4mm
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.2
890462134826833219352937793388305719051359561137
spot-m16-nai1.4mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-m16-nai2mm
6261293130612019927846271377
372112610879707006133411196
63826969252693413327686001310
924141434544835875789815157511933
9551782855560506841382914466751872
74159752465026426565113075161530
56615402330243612398114661546
53594091210128095633741318
02468101214
7415975215002642656511306516400
spot-m16-nai2mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
spot-3inch-nai1.4mm-7mmdist
0.01.42.84.25.67.08.49.811.212.614.015.416.818.219.621.022.423.825.226.628.029.430.8
20407011497909282869024991322293387319727002170156010705061261106751486756
spot-3inch-nai1.4mm-7mmdist
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mm
Sheet2
02468101214161820222426283032343638
394751591025711805260032883718312425241902101875655038028597252773
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
1285207308373445372315318261361207128533000000000
3991110126148153124112117110149124958227100000000
2512963322732883122692312912213102733093572363010000000
816414354280286313253236246184340250281409603389813000000
117128323323324630022219623220228223523830845764246356600000
8651712081772002201641271611631871911882372482694211761400000
8021441481281491571431181511141431461491982042153081922400000
8081201391271531691431361591581711581301611871912512032100000
10331491691731882151841491701612011921332262062282811932400000
73214512511912013613210911112516111678125129130210981000000
9931521481721761931611221391351721441261751581832501041000000
987180173132191194158137154119150147122155206181240881000000
117931254527821720318112015211518914913115020719226190500000
199938615842176941020617913115410717314911317019520625956000000
48231046526634770097434022519421814620417015622925128431157300000
224532558208317442227818516016213918316914416724230716516000000
1122558968354351266209141143172213186176235385338974000000
603252291171243205155122148145203164182278357198200000000
3033194873864133962992613032362963223746114037910000000
14112823432841746437250938955050044426339200000000
00031251991231761662771857290000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
02468
482310465266347700974
spot-3inch-nai2mm-parall
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
-
CsI(Tl) arrays Hamamatsu PSPMTs C8,M16,M64 (different anode)4.2x4.2 mm21.5x1.5 mm22.5x2.5 mm2 C8M16M64
-
Improving sampling -> better pixel identification(more pixel in the image)R2486, 1.8 mm pixelR2486, 1.2 mm pixelM16, 1.8 mm pixelM16, 1.2 mm pixelM64, 1.8 mm pixelM64, 1.25 mm pixel
-
- pin hole aperture dominates the spatial resolution
- apertures = 0.5 mm (or 0.3 mm) would improve spatial resolution but lowering counting rates M16 and M64 have small area (~20 x 20 mm2) arrays possible solution but dead area --> not the best
H8500 (50 x 50 mm2, 64 channels (anode sampling 6 x 6 mm2)
- H9500 (50 x 50 mm2, 256 channels (anode sampling 3x3 mm2) availablesmall anode pixel ->better sampling ->better performances
-
Pinhole aperture
(mm)
Spatial resolution (mm)
Magnification
Peak/valley
R2486 NaI 1.8 mm
1
1.2
7
1.4
R2486 NaI 1.8 mm
1
1.3
3
1.4
R2486 NaI 1.25 mm
1
1.2
7
0.7
R2486 NaI 1.8 mm
0.67
0.8
7
1.4
H8500, NaI 1.8 mm
(6 x 6 mm2 anode pixel)
0.67
0.7
7
11
H8500, NaI 1.25 mm
(6 x 6 mm2 anode pixel)
0.67
0.8
4
11
M16 NaI 1.8 mm
(4 x 4 mm2 anode pixel)
1
1.1
7
13
M16 NaI 1.25 mm
(4x 4 mm2 anode pixel)
1
1.1
7
11
H9500, NaI 1.25 mm
(3x3 mm2 anode pixel)
M64 NaI 1.8 mm
(2 x 2mm2 anode pixel)
1
1.1
7
15
M64 NaI 1.25 mm
(2x 2 mm2 anode pixel)
1
1.0
7
17
R2486 NaI 1.8 mm,
High resolution,
parallel hole
1.2
(hole
dimension)
2.0
1
1.4
-
catene resistive vs multiwire
Grafico2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
3
13
36
121
192
308
312
260
116
67
31
43
78
161
272
282
174
139
66
42
55
106
231
324
278
133
97
200
288
350
220
117
70
129
225
340
296
143
72
47
42
78
176
294
297
212
98
56
79
172
304
351
262
131
83
145
271
337
265
133
54
50
49
131
211
287
271
165
85
45
23
49
62
160
251
299
262
136
80
79
166
327
379
260
143
101
233
328
281
173
83
49
60
135
250
336
257
162
61
27
36
73
149
312
347
235
101
69
114
236
385
352
157
65
91
159
273
352
295
167
58
22
4
5
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
image pixel
counts
Foglio1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
3
13
36
121
192
308
312
260
116
67
31
43
78
161
272
282
174
139
66
42
55
106
231
324
278
133
97
200
288
350
220
117
70
129
225
340
296
143
72
47
42
78
176
294
297
212
98
56
79
172
304
351
262
131
83
145
271
337
265
133
54
50
49
131
211
287
271
165
85
45
23
49
62
160
251
299
262
136
80
79
166
327
379
260
143
101
233
328
281
173
83
49
60
135
250
336
257
162
61
27
36
73
149
312
347
235
101
69
114
236
385
352
157
65
91
159
273
352
295
167
58
22
4
5
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Grafico1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
4
10
19
34
53
77
89
82
66
49
42
36
41
52
60
66
62
55
41
34
30
33
37
48
57
62
56
46
37
29
22
20
27
45
58
67
57
46
35
29
31
35
51
60
70
74
69
53
35
33
38
53
64
67
58
48
41
35
31
35
48
63
66
56
42
34
30
31
37
48
62
65
64
53
41
31
31
35
46
53
57
57
42
44
36
41
31
37
48
61
61
59
48
41
30
26
27
35
47
56
58
57
45
34
27
30
39
53
59
65
55
47
38
33
37
42
48
62
69
66
47
30
27
37
53
71
75
66
52
36
29
28
43
58
68
66
59
44
29
22
23
31
40
56
69
79
75
69
52
40
22
12
4
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Peak
Valley
image pixel
counts
trunc_9_ori
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
4
10
19
34
53
77
89
82
66
49
42
36
41
52
60
66
62
55
41
34
30
33
37
48
57
62
56
46
37
29
22
20
27
45
58
67
57
46
35
29
31
35
51
60
70
74
69
53
35
33
38
53
64
67
58
48
41
35
31
35
48
63
66
56
42
34
30
31
37
48
62
65
64
53
41
31
31
35
46
53
57
57
42
44
36
41
31
37
48
61
61
59
48
41
30
26
27
35
47
56
58
57
45
34
27
30
39
53
59
65
55
47
38
33
37
42
48
62
69
66
47
30
27
37
53
71
75
66
52
36
29
28
43
58
68
66
59
44
29
22
23
31
40
56
69
79
75
69
52
40
22
12
4
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 2:
Scintillator
Pixel size
(mm2)
Spatial resolution
(mm)
Valley/peak ratio
R2486
H8500
R2486
H8500
CsI(Tl)
1 x 1
0.90 ( 0.09
0.62 ( 0.06
0.80 ( 0.06
0.580 ( 0.008
CsI(Tl)
1.4 x 1.4
1.27 ( 0.11
0.80 ( 0.07
0.46 ( 0.04
0.14 ( 0.03
CsI(Tl)
2 x 2
1.09 ( 0.09
0.63 ( 0.06
0.31 ( 0.03
0.051 ( 0.009
CsI(Tl)
3 x 3
1.53 ( 0.13
0.86 ( 0.07
0.068 ( 0.007
0.032 ( 0.005
NaI(Tl)
1.8 x 1.8
1.00 ( 0.08
1.16 ( 0.09
0.10 ( 0.01
0.15 ( 0.03
-
- fixing FOV according to the particular research- fixing the area (50 x 50 mm2 to 100 x 100 mm2) seems to best solution ---> FOV = ~ 15 x 15 mm2 to 50 x 50 mm2 (according to the detector area and magnification)- maximizing the number of pixel - trying to improve sensitivity- reading out all the channelsTo be done
-
NaI 1.8 x 1.8 mm2 *(and 1.25 x 1.25 mm2)-H8500 64 channels(6x6 mm2 anode pixel)Improving detector peformances (more pixel, better indentification, improved spatial resolution) NaI 1.25 x 1.25 mm2 H9500 256 channels (3x3 mm2 anode pixel) Next step: smaller scintillator pixel size? CsI (Tl) (or Na? ) or NaI(Tl)Improving the efficiency - bigger detector area- better collimation (coded aperture)How Pin hole (tungsten) collimator (0.3,0.5,0.7,1) mm better photodetector
-
New Detector (Pin hole 0.7 mm tungsten, H8500 64 ch) (1.8 x 1.8 mm2) (1.25 x 1.25 mm2)
Good pixel identification For 1.8 x 1.8 not so good for 1.25 x 1. 25-> better anode sampling is needed --> H8500 256 channelsFlood Field irradiationEg = 122 keV
-
Read-out electronics
-
High resolution preserving high SNR ?coded apertures
-
Coded aperturesI (Image) = O (object) x A (aperture)There are decoding patterns G allowing: A G = d thenA G = , in fact = R G = ( O A ) G = O * (A G) = O * PSFExample of apertures with known decoding patternFigure adapted from:Fenimore and Cannon, Optical Engineering, 19, 3, 283-289, 1980.
-
10Ci in 10 s
4444 pixels
1.25 x 1.25 mm2
FoV 22cm2.Mask NTHT MURA 2222, =2, 1% transparent, thickness 1.5mm W. Pitch 0.68mm.Line source10Ci in 10 s
2D source10Ci in 10 s
simulation for our desktop detectorsensitivity improved by a factor 30!coded aperture collimators
-
Reconstruction of a 122 keV point-like source using the coded apertures FWHM=0.93 mmSensitivity=145 cps /MBq 5 cps/MBq with pinholeSubmillimeter spatial resolutionHigh sensitivity (factor ~ 30)
-
Image of a mouse headTop view of a mouse injected with 3 mCi of 99Tc-MDP (image time 25 min; FOV = 16 x16 mm2)
-
ConclusioniCosa occorreScintillatore(i) pixellato, fototubo(i), DAQ veloce per ~ 1000 ch, collimatori pinhole e/o aperture codificate Come PercheRilevanza Imaging funzionale, mediante radionuclidi ad alta risoluzione ed efficienza, signle photon (planare e tomografico)