Industrialization in England, or any other small town that has experienced industrialization

in the world

Round 1

• Draw:– 1 River (1 1/2” wide and runs edge to

edge– 2 bridges (wooden)– 4 main roads (single line)– 15 houses (Foundation of house must

touch a road)

Round 2

• Select 1 house, which will be yours and shade it in

• Draw:– 1 church– 1 cemetery– 2 stores– 1 pub

Agrarian Life: Round 3• English Countryside

1730– Farming, cottage

industry, weaving– Small parcels of land

for family farms– Poverty is widespread– Crime is low– Supermarket doesn’t

exist, only small shops with few goods

– The horse is the car, but most walk

Round 4: 1750 • Population Explosion due to improved hygiene--such as soap & sewage lines

• Draw:– 10 more houses

– 1 more church

– 1 more pub

– 1 more road

– 1 more river bridge

– 1 more store

Population Explosion

Population Growth

• Population as deterministic?• Malthusian Controls

– Rev. Thomas Malthus– War, famine, disease– avoided by industrial and agricultural

revolution.• Agricultural Revolution and Population

– Increased pop. capable of being fed - more people survive.

– Enclosures send people off countryside to live in Cities

Round 5

• Draw a BROKEN line around an area on your paper

• WRITE in this area “For Agricultural Use Only”

• Relocate any houses in the area. NOTHING IS TO BE DRAWN IN THIS AREA

Enclosure

• First: The division of large open fields into privately controlled plots of land, usually hedged. This land was already owned, but under a concept of ownership that gave the owners rights to the crops, but also meant that other people might have rights to partial use of that land.

• Second: division and privatization of common marshes, moors and other "wastes" (in the original sense of "uninhabited places"). These enclosures turned common land into owned land, whereas field enclosures only segregated land that was already owned.

Inclosure Acts• The Inclosure Acts of the English Parliament which

enclosed common land in the country. – Rights that people once held, to graze animals on these

areas when not planted by crops, were now being denied. – Common usage is enclosure, but this is not the name of the

acts.

• Inclosure acts for small areas had been passed sporadically since the 12th century but the vast majority of them were passed between 1760 and 1830. – In 1801 the Inclosure Consolidation Act was passed to tidy

up previous acts. In 1845 another General Inclosure Act allowed for the employment of inclosure Commissoners who could inclose land without submitting a request to parliament.

Breeding of Sheep for Meat

Improvements in FarmingJethro Tull • invented the seed drill (in

1701), the horse-drawn hoe, and an improved plough.

• His seed drill would sow seed in uniform rows and cover up the seed in the rows.

• Up to that point, sowing seeds was done by hand by scattering seeds on the ground. Tull considered this method wasteful since many seeds did not take root..

Seed Drill

Round 6

• add 1 Factory with water frame

• add 1 capitalist estate

Great Britain’s advantages:

*location (easy travel)*resources (coal, iron)*growing population*stable economy

Round 7

• 15 houses (#26-40)• 5 tenements• 1 church• 1 pub• 1 store• 1 bridge (wooden)• Any additional roads

needed• 1 canal

Canal

• 1 packhorse could move 1000 lbs by road

• 1 packhorse could move 100,000 lbs by canal

Round 8

• Add 5 factories all with the water frame

• Richard Arkwright

Factory System• System of manufacturing

adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

• Each worker did a separate part of the total assembly of a product.

• Workers, paid by wage, and machines were brought together in a central factory.

• Raw material would arrive at the top of the mill and emerge as reels of spun cotton or silk at the base.

Round 9

• 10 houses (# 41-50)• 20 tenements (#6-

25)

• People from other villages now move to your village

• Housing is thrown up quickly, and not built to code

Round 10

• More workers mean more people have to live, eat and shop for goods. – Add 4 stores

• Since workers have only Sunday off, many seek religious relief.– Add 1 church

Round 11 • Women worked long hard hours in the factories. The average workday began at 6 am and ended at 9 pm. There is only a 15 minute break for lunch. After work, exhausted , workers stop at their favorite pub to relax.

• Add 4 pubs• Add 1 school

Round 12

• Despite the misery of the workers, the capitalists and large farm owners are making large profits.– Add 4 ESTATES – Add roads as needed

1770’s & the Steam Engine

• James Watt & the Steam Engine– More efficient– Factories can move off

rivers & near canals

• 1785 Edmond Cartwright invents the steam power-loom– All cloth production

done in the factories now

– No more cottage industry manufacture

– Factories 1000x faster than hand

Round 13• Draw 3 canals [3”-6”

long]• Add 3 coal mines

[the canals connect the coal mines to the factories]– The coal mines are at

the edge of the paper; if a house or tenement are in the way, relocate it

• Draw 10 factories [#7-16] with smoke

Round 14

• Add 3 coal mines

• Add one new IRON bridge

• Add 10 Factories [#17-26]

Puddling ProcessCirca 1800

• Henry Cort invents a method for converting raw iron “pig iron” into wrought iron– Heat & stir iron, rake off

slag impurities until pig iron becomes pasty & purer

– Beat and roll to expel more slag

• More coal needed to fuel the iron industry

• Village propelled into the “Age of Heavy Industry”

• More & better machines can now be madeSlag byproducts:

sulfur & carbon monoxide

Round 15• Read 256-257 “The

Railway Age Begins• Add 3 Railroad lines

connecting your factories and coal mines – [the railroad should

be near at least 15 factories]

• Add any IRON bridges you need

Round 16 [1785-1810]

• Social & Urban Changes– Wages are higher in town than in the countryside.

More people move to the city to find work & support their family since they no longer get the additional income from cottage industry.

– Workers find employment in coal mines, factories and in construction of homes, tenements & railroad lines.

• ADD:– 5 stores 10 tenements

[#26-35]– 5 houses [#51-55] 2 cemeteries– 5 pubs 1 church– 3 schools

Round 17• About 50,000 people now reside in your

‘town’ or perhaps city is a better word. Soon there is a surplus of workers. Capitalists, wanting to maximize their profits, hire children and women before men because they perform the same work at 1/2 to 1/4 the wage of men. The children find themselves doing factory work and worse, working in coal mines where small size is an advantage. – ERASE 1 SCHOOL

Round 18

• As a result of this chronic male unemployment, the crime rate begins to soar. Family life is completely disrupted. Alcoholism reaches epidemic proportions.– Add 4 pubs– Add 2 jails

Round 19• The Working condition in the factories

[whether textile or iron] are appalling. Many workers contract the deadly factory fever or “white lung disease.” Others injure or mutilate their bodies in factory accidents. Machines contain no safety devices. Children, weakened from lack of sleep and proper diet succumb more quickly. Capitalists are relatively indifferent as there is such a large labor force available for employment that will replace those who cannot work. – Add 2 CEMETERIES– Add 2 HOSPITALS

Round 20• Meanwhile, the need for better Rail

Road transportation continues. Coal, iron and other raw materials need to be moved to the factories. The finished products from the factory need to be moved to the sea ports and overseas to foreign markets. – Add 2 RAILROAD LINES

• More workers are needed to build the Rail Road, work in the coal mines and toil in the factories; and come they do to your ‘town/city.’– Add 5 TENEMENTS 1 CHURCH– 5 STORES 3 JAILS

1830• There are no pollution controls, so the air in

your city is black. At noon, the sun doesn’t cast a shadow, smog turns day into night. The water is completely unfit for drinking and bathing. Many citizens, even those who do not work in the factories, develop lung cancer and other fatal diseases which are associated with intense stress. People are lucky if they reach 40 years of age. Your city is overcrowded and shrouded in factory smoke. The loss of privacy and clean air troubled many. Suicide rates begin to double. The stress of urban work becomes unbearable for many.

Round 21

• Add 1 HOSPITAL

• Add 1 JAIL

• Add 3 CEMETERIES

Conclusion1. On the back of your paper, write a NAME for

your city.2. What important ideas/concepts have you

learned from this game.3. How was the city developed? 4. What pushed people into the city? 5. What pulled people into the city?6. Who got the wealth? From where?7. If you could control the development of a

future town that would industrialize, what laws would you put into place to make the city a better place to live?

5 points for completed map, 5 for completed questions

DUE: Wednesday