intelligent infrastructure for coordinated control of a self

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

10/

9/20

08Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. -1

-

Insert image here

Intelligent Infrastructure for Coordinated Control of a Self-Healing Power Grid

Khosrow Moslehi October 7, 2008

IEEE Canada

Electrical Power & Energy Conference 2008

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-2

-

IEEE Canada Electrical Power & Energy Conference 2008

What is “Smart Grid”?

Wide range:From a new power application or device

To the Utopian Power Grid!

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-3

-


Smart Grid: A Self-Healing Grid Perspective

“Electricity transmission and distribution network that uses robust two-way communications, advanced sensors, and distributed computers to improve the efficiency, reliability and safety of power delivery and use.” (Wikipedia)

A fundamental capability of a self-healing grid is its ability to prevent or contain major disturbances.

Conceptual design for an IT infrastructure:Realization of self-healing capabilities

With focus on transmission

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-4

-


Increasingly Complex GridDiversification of Energy and Storage Resources

Aggravating congestion and controllability

“Active” Demand “Insufficient” Investment in Transmission/Load Growth

Contention for limited transfer capability

Market Driven OperationsLarger and longer transfersVolatility

Consolidation of Operating EntitiesLarger SystemsSmaller error marginsShorter decision times

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-5

-


Increasingly Volatile Transfers

Source: TVA

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-6

-


High Cost of Grid Unreliability, Blackouts….

“August 14, 2003 Blackout in the United States and Canada: Causes and Recommendations…”

“Overload in Germany's power network triggered outages leaving millions without electricity…”

“Italian blackout cuts short Rome all-night party...”

“Millions without power in Denmark, Sweden…”

……

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-7

-


Lessons Learned: Need for a Smart IT Infrastructure

Grid is operated much closer to its limitsmore often!

Qualitatively a different operating environmentmore touchy

Off-line studies use for real-time decision makingless adequate

More data, more automation, more control

Need a higher performance/smart Monitoring and Control Infrastructure

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-8

-


Fundamentals of a Smart InfrastructureMajor disturbances involve:

Cascading events within secondsAggravated by uncoordinated and unintelligent local actions

Prevention requires:Coordinated responseSub-second response

Centralized systems are too slowDistributed systems afford:

Fast intelligent local actions coordinated with higher level analysis

Local intelligent sub-second response is feasible with modern technology

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-9

-


Realization of Smart Infrastructure

Better telemetry (time-stamped, faster, etc.)Intelligent DevicesDistributed autonomous architecture Virtual hierarchical operation

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-10

-


Dimensions of the Infrastructure

Geographical/OrganizationalGrid, Region, …Control Area,…Substation

FunctionalFunctional areas (control, reliability enhancements, performance& reliability monitoring, and data processing)

Functions

TemporalScheduling to continuous

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-11

-


Grid

Region iRegion 1

C Area ikC Area 12C Area 11 …..

…

…SS1 SS2 SSm SS.. SS… SS……

…..

Distributed Functional Agents

Agent Fss@SS1

Agent Fr@R1

Agent Fg@G

Agent Fr@Ri

Agent Fca@CA11

…..

Agent Fca@CAik

Agent Fca@CA12

Agent Fss@SS1

Agent Fss@SS1

Agent Fss@SS1

Agent Fss@SS1

Agent Fss@SS1

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-12

-


SE - Agent n @Substation Z

StateEstimator

ComponentAlarming

component

SE - Agent m @Substation X

StateEstimator

Component

Alarmingcomponent

Real-time Datacomponent

SE - Agent j @Control Area H

StateEstimator

Component

Alarmingcomponent

SE - Agent i @Control Area G

Alarmingcomponent

StateEstimator

Component


…..

StateEstimatorComponent


Alarmingcomponent

SE - Agent 1 @Region A

Example of a Distributed Functional Agents

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-13

-


Distributed Autonomous System

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-14

-


Temporal Dimension: Distinct Time Scales

Hour-ahead5-minute1-minute2-second1-second100-millisec10-millisec“continuous” - traditional protection systems

Execution Cycles≥ 2 sec< 2 sec

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-15

-


Execution Cycles and Temporal Coordination

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-17

-


Technical Feasibility cont.

Better telemetryPMU type devices/technology

M-sec sampling with microsecond accuracy

Accuracy of 0.1% on magnitude and 0.2o on phase angle

Information up to the 64th harmonic

Intelligent DevicesFaster controls

Better diagnosis

More local intelligence (“intelligent” RAS/SPS, etc.)

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-18

-


Technical Feasibility

CommunicationsLatency:

Within substations – less than 1 m-sec

Others: less than 0.5 sec

Time skew: less than 1 m-sec

Distributed autonomous architecture Better algorithms

“Internet” technologies

Large scale integration

Virtual hierarchical operation

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-19

-


Financial Feasibility - Cost Model Components:

Software components/intelligent agentsHardwareSystem deployment and integrationControl equipment (if absolutely needed)Communication connectivity (not costed)

Intelligent agents/SWR&D / Prototype CostsProductization CostsShakedown Costs

Database development, system configuration & integration

Maturity through multiple implementations for “plug-and-play”status: e.g. implementations: 10 SSs, 5 ZNs, 2 CAs

©C

opyr

ight

ABB

200

8-20

-


Financial Feasibility - Benefit Model

Limit improvement:Improved market prices/production costs

Blackout containment:Reduced unserved energy

Possible others: Reduction of emergency maintenance costsDeferral of capital expensesImproved power qualityEtc.

Selected Benefits

Σ Reduced Unserved

Energy

Reduced Prices/ Production Costs

Reduced Emergency

Maintenance

Potential Benefits

intelligent infrastructure for coordinated control of a self

Documents