kingdoms in southeast asia

7/28/2019 Kingdoms in Southeast Asia

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Kingdoms in SoutheastAsia


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Funan

Considered the earliest kingdom inSoutheast Asia (before 4th century).

According to Coedes it was the firstIndianized state in the region.

Situated at the southern part of present-day Vietnam since 1st century.

Important kingdom and trading centerthrough the port


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People of Khmer origin involved in

agriculture, animal husbandry, andfishing.

Padi was grown and served as staple.

System of governance heavilyinfluenced by Hindu culture and Kingsupreme in all matters.

Trading carried out with China, India,

West Asia and other states in theregion.


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Highly maritime encouraged

shipbuilding industry for tradingpurposes.

Many vassal states paid tribute to

Funan. In early 6th century Funan declined

through internal strife and fighting

among princes.Frequently attacked by vassal states

and overran by Chenla in 550 AD.


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Srivijaya

A Malay kingdom situated In

Palembang, Sumatera.

Established at the end of the 6th

century.

King supreme in all matters.

Administration divided into royaladministration, royal affairs, trade, law

and order, and taxes.


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At its height between 8th and 11thcentury.

Smaller kingdoms conquered to createthe Srivijayan empire the first Malayempire in the archipelago.

Conquered states include Ligor, MalayPeninsular, East Sumatera, and NorthBorneo.

Three important ports

Old Kedah,Jambi, and Palembang also fell toSrivijaya.


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Also dominated several smaller ports in

the Straits of Melaka, Sunda Straits,parts of Java and others in South ChinaSea.

Neglect agriculture and dependent on

imported food.When attacked the lack of food was

obvious.

Maintained good relationship with Chinaand India.


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Relationship with China for trading

purposes.Close to India due to similarity in

religion and cultural influences

(Indianized state).Declined after attack by Raja Chola

from India in the 11th century.

Beginning 14th

century it ceased to existbut continuity of the kingdom appeared

in Melaka established by Parameswara.


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LangkasukaSituated in the north-east of the Malay

Peninsular.

Similar to other kingdoms in the region it

was heavily influenced by Hindu culture.

Kings were primarily Hindus or

Buddhists.

Founded around 2nd century.


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Due to its strategic position midwaybetween China and India it became an

important port of call.

Trade carried out with China, India,Funan, and West Asia.

In the 3rd century it was attacked by

Funan declined in importance.


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Old Kedah

Kingdom of Old Kedah came into being

in the 5th century and continued to

flourish till the 14th century.

Centered around Bujang Valley.

Two primary ports Kampung Sungai

Emas (5

th

to 10

th

century) andPengkalan Bujang (10th to 14th century).


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Malay population with Hindu or Buddhistfaith.

Highly dependent on trade merchants

from India, China and West Asia.Close relationship with India cultural

influences.

SO S S


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SOUTHEAST ASIAN

CULTURE

The kingdoms in the region heavilyinfluenced by Indian and Chinesecultures.

Indian influence far greater thanChinese.

Indians were here earlier than the

Chinese due to trade.Brahmin priests were invited to the

courts.


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All spheres of life dominated by Hindu

culture.Monuments, language, governance,

kings, literature etc.

Sanskrit words

bahasa, bumi,permaisuri, dosa, duka, sengsara,

manusia, dewa, rupa, kalpa etc.

Therefore, as termed by Coedes

theIndianized states of Southeast Asia.


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The coming of Islam in the 14th and 15th

century changed the situation food

especially.

Islam began to dominate the way of life

of the Malays in the region.

kingdoms in southeast asia

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