live food aquaculture training course artemia – its role and production requirements

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Artemia – its role and production requirements


Hatching of Artemia

Preparation of the tank – clean with detergent, disinfect and rinse

Fill tank with preheated water and add aeration and heating.

Disinfect the water.Disinfection of the cystsAdd to hatching tankHarvest.


Artemia hatching characteristics

Tank: Any Size/Shape (1-10 m3) Temp: 28-30 °C (Preheated Water/Heat Exchange) Salinity: 30-40 ppt Oxygen: > 4 ppm pH: > 8 (Ph control with NaHCO3 or NaOH) Illumination: 2000 Lux at Water Surface Density: 2-4 kg/m3 Hatch Controller : 100 ppm at T0 Water Treatment: Filtered and Chlorinated/Neutralized Aeration : Very Strong ( Open End )


Strong aeration and bright lighting is essential in hatching phase


Harvesting of Artemia Disconnect heater, increase oxygen to about

10ppm then stop aeration and oxygen Within 10-15 minutes the nauplii will separate

from the empty cyst shells – the empty cyst shells float and the nauplii will crowd above the tip of the conical near a light source.( 100-150W incandescent spot)

Drain the nauplii from the tank and rinse well before transferring them to the storage tank or enrichment tank.


Artemia separation is achieved through their positive photo tactic response


Careful rinsing at harvest is again essential to ensure as clean a product as possible for the larvae.


Decapsulation versus disinfection

Decapsulation A complete

contamination free and sterile product

Separation problems after hatch are avoided

Disinfection 50g/l cysts 20

minutes in 200 ppm active chlorine- continuous aeration rinse and add to hatching tank

Cysts known to be contaminated fungi and bacteria

Improves hatching yields


• Artemia nauplii are heavily contaminated with bacteria, esp. Vibrio sp.

• Correlation between bacterial flora in the larval intestines and the flora of live food

• Risk exists that potential pathogens are transferred via the food to the larval tanks

• Cyst decontamination, hatching and enrichment micro floral controllers are used.

Pathogen risk in Artemia


Hatching percentage and efficiency

Hatching percentage is the number of Artemia nauplii produced per 100 cysts. A good product will have a hatching percentage of +/-90%

The hatching efficiency is the number of nauplii produced per gram of cysts. A good products will yield +/- 230,000 nauplii per gram of cysts


Enrichment / Harvest and storage of Artemia nauplii

Enrichment to meet the nutritional requirements of the fish

Enrichment can only take place once the nauplii have started feeding – coincides with the molt into second Instar stage

Long term/short term enrichment


Artemia enrichment characteristics

Tank: Any Size/Shape (1-10 m3) Temp: 28-30 °C (Preheated Water/Heat Exchange) Salinity: 30-40 ppt Oxygen: > 4 ppm pH: > 8 (Ph control with NaHCO3 or NaOH) Illumination: Natural light conditions Density: 200-500 million nauplii/m3 depending on

method Hatch Controller : 100 ppm at T0 Water Treatment: Filtered and Chlorinated/Neutralized Aeration : Very Strong (Open End )


Harvesting of enriched metanauplii

Rinsing into 100 micron netRinsing has to be done until no emulsion

is left in the outflowing water to avoid problems with oil films in larval rearing tanks. Metanauplii are now ready for direct feeding or for cold storage for later use.


Artemia enrichment enables total HUFA enrichment levels of up to 60mg/g

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

EG Instar I/II*(24 h hatching) *(Mostly Instar

II)

DC Selco (24 henriched)

DC DHA Selco(24 h enriched)

DC Super Selco 24 Hrs ColdStorage (10°C)DC DHA Selco

T72 Prolonenriched meta

nauplii

EPA

DHA

Sum n-3 HUFA


Artemia cold storage at 6°C to maintain optimal nutritional value until feeding


Cold storage of Artemia nauplii Freshly hatched Artemia nauplii e.g. AF and

enriched nauplii can be stored at 4-10 C for 24 hours.

Cold stored nauplii slow down their metabolism and do not consume their energy reserve and can remain in Instar I (AF) or Instar II or III stage. (enriched artemia nauplii)

If left at 25 C the HUFA content and in particular the DHA content can drop by 33% after 6 hours and 67% after 12 hours.


Ongrowing of Artemia nauplii Advantages

Increased biomass ( 30% on dry weight basis)

Reduced cyst requirement through more efficient use of artemia metanauplii.

Improved nutritional profile, higher digestible energy profile

Improved larval growth and stress resistance.

Disadvantages Further 24-48 hours

after enrichment procedure

Increased tank requirement


Artemia requirements

Sea bream General assumptions 1) Artemia hatch rate (millions/kg cysts) 200 2) Max. daily need of AF/m3 larval rearing volume (M nauplii) 2,0 3) Hatching volume (m3/kg cysts) 0,4 (2.5g/l)4) AF Artemia need per million juveniles 2g (kg cysts) 4,0 5) AF Artemia cost (drs/kg) 6) Max. daily need of EG/m3 larval rearing volume (M nauplii) 10,0 7) EG Artemia need per million juveniles 2g (kg cysts) 95 8) EG Artemia cost (drs/kg) 9) Enrichment stocking density (m3/100 million nauplii) 0,5 10) Selco need per 100 million nauplii (kgs) 0,10 11) Selco/Essential enrichment cost (drs/kg) Annual production target (2g juveniles)

No of larval batches 5 5 5 5Initial larval rearing vol (m3) 62 123 185 308Daily AF Artemia requirement (kgs cysts) 0,62 1,23 1,85 3,08AF hatching volume (m3) 0,2 0,5 0,7 1,2No of 0.25m3 tanks required 2 4 4 6No of 0.5m3 tanks required 0 0 2 2Total AF Artemia consumption (kgs cysts) 8 16 24 40Total Cost of AF Artemia (Mdrs) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00Daily EG Artemia requirement (kgs cysts) 3,08 6,15 9,23 15,38EG hatching volume (m3) 1,2 2,5 3,7 6,2No of 1m3 tanks required 0 1 2 4No of 2.8m3 tanks required 1 1 1 2Total EG Artemia consumption (kgs cysts) 190 380 570 950Total Cost of EG Artemia (Mdrs) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00Enrichment tank volume (m3) 3 6 9 15No of 2.8m3 tanks required 1 2 3 5No of 4.5m3 tanks required 0 0 0 0Total tank volume (m3) 5 9 14 23Total Selco consumption (kgs) 38 76 114 190Total Cost of Selco enrichment (Mdrs/yr) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

live food aquaculture training course artemia – its role and production requirements

Documents

artemia slide

hatching phase slide

flora of live food risk

hatching percentage

tank cysts

number of artemia nauplii

enrichment tank

hatching efficiency