Matter Physical and Chemical changes

What is matter, mass and weight?•Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. •Mass is the amount of matter in an object. •Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object.

How are mass and weight related?•Mass and weight are related because they both

involve matter. • They are measured differently; mass is measured with

a balance and weight is measured with a scale. •Mass is looking more at what is on the inside and

weight is looking more at the pull of gravity. • The density of an object affects both terms.

How can we describe matter?

•Matter can be described by: • physical features• mass of the object• reaction to heat/cold• reaction to mixing different matter• and senses. • These fit into two different categories: qualitative and quantitative.

Other Ways to Describe Matter (Physical Properties)• • color• • size (mass, volume)• • hardness• • texture• • smell• • freezing/boiling point• • density

How can matter be changed?

•Matter can have a physical change and/or a chemical change. •Physical change can happen when it changes states of matter, appearance or shape. •Chemical change can happen when the matter cannot go back to its original form.

Changing Shapes• Large Volume/ Small Mass:• • air empty box• Large Volume/ Large Mass:• • truck play set• Small Volume/ Large Mass:• • brick metal• Small Volume/ Small Mass:• • cotton ball feather

Physical Change• Examples of Physical Change:• glass breaking• metal melting• water freezing• crushing a can• water evaporating• Ways Physical Change Occurs: • changing states of matter, objects being broken or torn

How can we describe the changes that take place in matter?•They can be described as a physical or chemical change. •We can use quantitative or qualitative data to describe changes as well.

What is a quantitative measure?•Overview: Deals with numbers.•Data which can be measured.•Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc.•Quantitative → Quantity

Why is it important to note qualitative and quantitative changes?

•Qualitative allows you to record visual data gathered and change that occurred throughout an experiment. It can be different based on differing views.•Quantitative data is solid and reproducible when repeating experiments.

Examples of Quantitative data

• Oil Painting • Quantitative data:• picture is 10" by 14"• with frame 14" by 18"• weighs 8.5 pounds• surface area of painting is 140

sq. in.• cost $300

• Latte• Quantitative data:• 12 ounces of latte• serving temperature 150º F.• serving cup 7 inches in height• cost $4.95

What is qualitative data?

•Overview:•Deals with descriptions.•Data can be observed but not measured.•Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc.•Qualitative → Quality

Examples of Qualitative data

• Oil Painting• Qualitative data:• blue/green color, gold frame• smells old and musty• texture shows brush strokes of

oil paint• peaceful scene of the country• masterful brush strokes

• Latte• Qualitative data:• robust aroma• frothy appearance• strong taste• burgundy cup

Changing Weight•How does weight change when an object is placed together and broken apart?•Weight does not change when placed together or broken apart; it has the same amount of matter.

Reasons why materials weight changes and why some do not.•What are some reasons why materials change weight

and some materials have a constant weight?•When you add or take away matter, it changes. • If matter is enclosed in something, then the matter cannot

escape and mass remains the same. • Evaporation, condensation, cooking all change weight and

mass.

Examples of Constant Mass

•cutting paper and placing it in a pile• folded versus unfolded clothes•air inside of a balloon expands because of heat, water freezing •(mass doesn’t change but density/volume does)

Examples of Changing Mass

•wearing a book bag versus not wearing a book bag•adding sugar to lemonade•adding salt to food•wet towel drying in the sun

States of Matter•Why would we need to classify matter?•Not all matter is the same.•Different types of matter must be treated differently.

Also we would like to know what things are made of and would happen if we mix different items.

Gas State•Properties: fills entire container, particles move freely and quickly, lots of space between particles•Examples: vapor, helium, oxygen, air, steam

Liquid State•Properties: takes the shape of the container, little space between particles, particles slide past each other•Examples: water, juice, milk, orange juice

Solid State• Properties: • Does not change shape easily• Has little space between particles• Particles don't move past each other• Examples: • Ice• Walls• Desk• shoes

Physical and Chemical Change

•Physical change does not produce a new substance• It can change the state of matter or shape. •Chemical change does produce a new substance that cannot go back to its original state. • It creates a substance that wasn’t there before.

Why is it important to note qualitative and quantitative changes?

•Qualitative allows you to record visual data gathered and change that occurred throughout an experiment. It can be different based on differing views.•Quantitative data is solid and reproducible when repeating experiments.

Chemical Change• Examples of Chemical Change: • wood burning• egg cooking• nail rusting• mixing chemicals (baking soda and vinegar)• Ways Chemical Change Occurs: • Heating matter to where it cannot return to its original state of matter. • Ways to know a chemical change occurred is to look for a reaction:

light, heat, color change, odor and sound.

Changing MatterHeating Matter• How does heating affect the

material’s purpose and/or application?

• Heating can cause water to evaporate, ice to melt, and expansion joints on bridges increase in length. Hot water can open a jar.

• What might happen if the material is heated?

• Material that is heated expands and gets larger (increase volume); it does not gain mass/weight.

Cooling Matter• How does cooling affect the

material’s purpose and/or application?

• Cooling can cause water to freeze, vapor to condensate. A rock can crack with water freezing in it.

• What might happen if the material is cooled?

• Material that is cooled contracts and gets smaller (decrease volume); it does not lose mass/weight.

Why would increasing heat or cold affect certain materials more than others?

• Increasing heat or cold affects materials differently based on their original state of matter.•Heating a solid would turn into a liquid than a gas. •Gases are typically more affected by heating and cooling.

Why would people want to heat and cool matter onpurpose?

• We heat food, homes, drinks for warmth, and jar tops to help open tight jars.

• We cool drinks, store food in the refrigerator to keep it from spoiling, and use air conditioning for comfort.

When would heating and cooling items occur within the environment?

• In the water cycle, the sun’s energy can cause •condensation (loss of heat energy) •and evaporation (gain of heat energy).

•Rocks crack, bridges ice over, and expansion joints move.

Vocabulary 1• boiling: having reached boiling point, steaming or bubbling up under

heat

• change in state: when a substance changes from one state of matter to another• chemical change: when a substance changes to form a new substance• conservation: to conserve or keep from change, to protect and

preserve• cooling: the process in which heat is removed from liquids or solids

Vocabulary 2• cooling: the process in which heat is removed from liquids or

solids

• density: a measure of how tightly packed the matter in an object is• dissolve: to make into a solution by mixing with a liquid• element: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into

any simpler substances

Vocabulary 3• gas: the state of matter that does not have a definite shape

or volume• heating: the transferring of thermal energy from one

substance to another• liquid: the state of mater that has a definite volume but no

definite shape, it conforms to the container•mass: the amount of matter in an object

Vocabulary 4•matter: anything that has mass and takes up space•melt: to change into the liquid state by heating

•mixture: the mixing of different substances to make a new substance• particle: one of the smallest elements of matter• physical change: when a substance changes, but keeps the

same identity

Vocabulary 5• physical property: the characteristics of a substance that can

be observed or measured without changing the substance

• qualitative: something that can be measured by your senses; color, shape, smell, texture

• quantitative: something that can be measured by numbers: height, mass, etc.

Vocabulary 6• solid: the state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite

volume

• volume: the amount of space that an object takes up

• weight: a measurement of the pull of gravity on an object