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Matter and ChangeMatter and Change

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What is Matter?What is Matter?

MatterMatter is anything that takes up space is anything that takes up space and has mass.and has mass.

MassMass is the amount of matter in an is the amount of matter in an object.object.

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PropertiesProperties Used to identify a substanceUsed to identify a substance Extensive PropertiesExtensive Properties- changes when - changes when

the amount of matter in a sample the amount of matter in a sample changes. Examples are mass, volume, changes. Examples are mass, volume, length.length.

Intensive PropertiesIntensive Properties- does not change - does not change when the amount of sample changes. when the amount of sample changes. Examples are density, pressure, Examples are density, pressure, temperature, colortemperature, color

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PropertiesProperties Words that describe matter (adjectives)Words that describe matter (adjectives) Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties- a property that can - a property that can

be observed and measured without be observed and measured without changing the substance. (malleable, changing the substance. (malleable, ductile, luster, phase changes)ductile, luster, phase changes)

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties- a property that - a property that can only be observed by changing the can only be observed by changing the type of substance. (burning)type of substance. (burning)

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Physical changePhysical change- original substance - original substance existsexists

Physical ChangePhysical Change

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Chemical ChangeChemical Change Chemical changeChemical change- a new substance is - a new substance is

produced (reactants lose identity)produced (reactants lose identity)

reactantsreactants products

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Indications of a chemical reactionIndications of a chemical reaction Energy absorbed (endothermic) or Energy absorbed (endothermic) or

released (exothermic)released (exothermic) Color changeColor change Release of gasRelease of gas Precipitate-solid that separates from Precipitate-solid that separates from

solution (insoluble, (s) subscript in solution (insoluble, (s) subscript in products)products)Temperature of surroundings goes down

Temperature of surroundings goes up

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Types of MatterTypes of Matter SubstanceSubstance- an element or a compound- an element or a compound

ElementElement- simplest kind of matter that - simplest kind of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. (All substances by chemical means. (All one kind of atom)one kind of atom)

Can be any element!B, Mg, Ar, Li, S

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Types of MatterTypes of Matter ElementElement- can be monatomic or diatomic- can be monatomic or diatomic

MonoMono- single (Li, Mn, He) - single (Li, Mn, He) DiDi- two (Br- two (Br22, I, I22, N, N22, Cl, Cl22, H, H22, O, O22, F, F22))

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Diatomic ElementsDiatomic ElementsH2

N2 O2 F2

Cl2

Br2

I2

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Types of MatterTypes of Matter Elements Elements can be allotropescan be allotropes

Definition: Definition: different forms of the same different forms of the same

elementelement

O2 is oxygenO3 is ozone

Each contain only the elementoxygen, but have different properties

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Pure SubstancesPure Substances

CompoundsCompounds are composed of two or are composed of two or more elements chemically combinedmore elements chemically combined

NaCl

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Pure SubstancesPure Substances Compounds Compounds can be broken down by can be broken down by

chemical methodschemical methods When they are broken down, the pieces When they are broken down, the pieces

have completely different properties have completely different properties than the compound. than the compound.

Na Cl2NaCl

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MixturesMixtures Made up of two or more substances.Made up of two or more substances. Variable composition.Variable composition. HeterogeneousHeterogeneous- mixture is not the same from - mixture is not the same from

place to place.place to place. Mixed nuts, Chocolate chip cookie, SaladMixed nuts, Chocolate chip cookie, Salad

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MixturesMixtures HomogeneousHomogeneous- uniform composition (1 - uniform composition (1

phase)phase) Kool-aid (solutions), air (gases), Kool-aid (solutions), air (gases),

compoundscompounds Every part keeps its propertiesEvery part keeps its properties

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SolutionsSolutions Physically blended togetherPhysically blended together Can occur between any state of matter.Can occur between any state of matter. Solid in liquid- Kool-aidSolid in liquid- Kool-aid Liquid in liquid- antifreezeLiquid in liquid- antifreeze Gas in gas- airGas in gas- air Solid in solid - brassSolid in solid - brass Liquid in gas- water vaporLiquid in gas- water vapor

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Compound or MixtureCompound or Mixture

Compound Mixture

More than one kind -

Compound, Molecule or atoms

Made by being chemically bonded or

by a chemical change

Made through a physical

change or physically blended

Homogeneous composition

Variable composition

Two or more different Atoms

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Compound vs MixtureCompound vs Mixture

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Atom, Element, Compound, or Atom, Element, Compound, or MixtureMixture

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Which is it?Which is it?

ElementCompoundMixture

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MatterMatter

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Separating MixturesSeparating Mixtures Only a physical change- no new matter Only a physical change- no new matter

is formedis formed ChromatographyChromatography- separate - separate

homogeneous mixtures using a solventhomogeneous mixtures using a solvent

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Separating MixturesSeparating Mixtures FiltrationFiltration- separates heterogeneous - separates heterogeneous

mixtures of solids and liquids mixtures of solids and liquids

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Separating MixturesSeparating Mixtures DistillationDistillation- separates homogeneous - separates homogeneous

mixtures due to different boiling pointsmixtures due to different boiling points

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Separating Mixtures Separating Mixtures SolutionsSolutions

Can be separated by physical meansCan be separated by physical means Not easily separated- Not easily separated- cancan be separated be separated

without creating anything new.without creating anything new.

NaCl (aq)

If you heat the solution, thewater evaporates and thesalt is left behind