Matter

Matter - is anything that has mass and takes up space.

States of matter

solid has a definite shape and a definite volume

liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape

Gas does not have definite shape or volume if you put air into a tire for example, it takes the same shape as the tire but even

when the tire seems full, you can put more air into it.

solid particles are very close together. Because there is very little space between particles. they cannot

be squeezed any closer.

What are some examples?

LIQUID particles are not packed together as tightly, so they move more freely than they do in a solid. This allows a liquid to flow and take shape of container

particles in a gas are packed together the least. because the particles are freer to move around in gases than in liquids or solids gas particles move the fastest.like a liquid gases can take shape of a container

Insert a diagram of particles changing states.

When matter changes its state it does not lose or gain particles. The particles expandand they are

rearranged.

Physical Properties

Physical properties- are characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without change in the substance into something else.

Color, hardness, and taste are examples of physical properties. An objects's ability to conduct heat, sound, or electricity or to become a magnet are also physical properties.

some physical properties such as color can be observed directly other physical properties such as length must be measured.

In a physical change, the substances are not altered chemically. No new products are formed. Chemical bonds are not broken in a physical change A physical change can affect the size, shape or color of a substance but does not affect its composition. The substances may be changed to another phase (i.e. gas, liquid, solid) or separated or combined.

How does a solid change to a liquid?

By heating the object

so that it melts.

How could you change a liquid to a solid?

By cooling it so that it freezes.

How can you change a liquid to a gas?

By heating it so

that it evaporates.

How can you change a gas to a liquid?

By cooling it so

that it condenses

What is Evaporation?

The process of an object that becoming a vapor.

what is condensation?

Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gaseous phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of evaporation.

Boiling and melting points!

Boiling point is when a liquid changes to a gas.

Melting point is when a solid changes to a liquid.

Freezing point (crystallization point) - when an object freezes or becomes super cool.

Freezing point for outside is 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 0 degrees Celsius.

boiling, melting, and freezing points may vary depending on the object.

for example butter might melt at a lower temperature than oil will. Water may evaporate at a lower temperature then milk might.

Celsius to Farenheit

F = (9/5 x C) + 32

Farenheit to Celsius

C = (F-32) / 1/8

9/5 = 1.8 1/8 = 0.125

Chemical properties are important in deciding how certain substances can be used.

For example many solutions are either acids or bases. Acids are sour and weak acids can be used to flavor foods. Bases can be used in cleaning products

Since acids and bases can be dangerously strong. It is important to measure their strengths. The strengths of acids and bases are measured using dyes called indicators. Indicators react chemical with acids and bases and turn different colors depending on their strengths.

ReactantsA reactant is the ability of a substance to react chemically.

Combustibility The ability of a substance to burn. Some substance can be identified by certain characteristic of their

combustibility. Flame test can be used to identify substances based on the color of the flame they produce when burned. For example Barium burns a green flame sodium produces a yellow flame and

potassium produces a violet flame.

Chemical change A chemical change makes a substance that wasn't there before. There may be clues that a chemical reaction took place, such as light, heat, color change, gas

production, odor, or sound. The starting and ending materials of a physical change are the same, even though they may look different.

Chemical Changes

What are some clues that can help you identify chemical reactions?

Permanent color change or the productions of light, heat or gases are all chemical changes.

Change in state is not a chemical change.

Examples:

a marshmallow melting is an example of physical change. A marshmallow burning is an example of a chemical change.

a candle burning, the wax melting is a physical change but since the candle is burning and giving off CO2 then it is a chemical change.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object

Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object

While the mass of an object is always the same the weight of an object is not.

For example on earth a car may weigh 46 tons but on the moon the same car may only weigh 20 tons

This is because the force of gravity is 6 times greater on Earth than it is on the moon.

Because weight can vary, mass is a better measurement of the amount of matter in an object.

gravitational pull 6x less on the moonthan on the earth.

The gravitational pull is 6x stronger on

the earth than on the moon

46 tons20 tons

Weight is measured on a spring scale

How much the spring in the scale is squeezed or strtched depends on the pull of gravity and the mass of object being weighed.

Mass is measured on a balance to avoid measuring the pull of gravity.

Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.

For regular objects you measure volume with the equation L x W x H.

What is a regular object? object with a side cut with symmetry. Think objects that are easy to measure with a ruler, straight edges.

w

L

H

since you are measuring 3 dimensions you must place a three above the number to represent cubed.

When finding the volume of a irregular objects we will use the displacement method. What is a irregular object? an irregular object is a object that is not cut with strait symmetry like a rock or marble.

to find the volume of a irregular object subtract the beginning measurement from the final measurement.11 ml - 6 ml =

6 ml

11 ml

Matter not only has mass but also takes up space

Volume is the space that an object takes up.

What are two ways to measure volume? (you better know this)

Density is the concentration of matter in an object/ It is the amount of matter in a certain volume. How much orange juice take up the area of a jug?

how much air fills a tire? how much wood makes the bookshelf

Mass/ volume = density