Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)

Properties of MatterPhysical Property

• Any property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter

• Examplescolor shapetaste

densitystate/phase

D = M V

5 Physical States of Matter

•Bose-Einstein

•Solid •Liquid•Gas

•Plasma

(Newest State)

Bose-Einstein Condensate

• Exist at extremely cold temperatures (around absolute zero or -460 oF)

• Particles are super unexcited

• Particles lock or “clump” together so firmly that they move as a single unit

• Definite shape and volume (?)

Solid

• Particles are tightly compact

• Particles vibrate without the ability to move freely

• Definite shape and volume

• Solid Animation

Liquid

• Particles are tightly compact, but able to move around close to each other

• No definite shape, but definite volume

• Liquid Animation

Gas

• Particles can easily spread out or move close together

• Particle move freely and with a lot of energy

• No definite shape or volume

• Gas Simulation

Plasma

• Exist at extremely high temperatures (several million degrees Celsius)

• Particles are broken apart• Particles move freely and

with extremely high energy

• This form is not too common on earth, however it is the most common form of matter in the universe

• No definite shape or volume?

• Examples: Florescent and neon lights, lightning, aurora borealis

Why do you think this is the most common

form/state of matter in the universe?

Energy and the States of Matter

• The physical states of matter result from the amount of energy the particles composing the matter have. Basically, more energy means more movement for the particles and less energy means less movement.

• Energy/Temperature and Matter

If you were to compare an ice cube and the steam created from boiling water, which would you think has more energy?

States of Matter Continuum

Taken from: http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_becondensate.html

What about this continuum could be considered a little misleading?

Properties of MatterChemical Property

• Any property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance

• Examplesflammability

reactivity with vinegarreactivity with oxygenIron + Oxygen Iron oxide (rust)

2Fe + 3O2 Fe2O3

Chemical or Physical Property?

1. Paper is white

2. Boiling point of H2O is 100oC

3. Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid and creates hydrogen gas

4. Nitrogen does not burn

5. Sulfur smells like rotten eggs

Physical Property

Physical Property

Physical Property

Chemical Property

Chemical Property

Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

Substance/Matter Physical Property Chemical Property

Helium Less dense than air Nonflammable

Wood Grainy texture Flammable

Baking soda White powder Reacts with vinegar to produce bubbles

Powdered sugar White powder Does not react with vinegar

Rubbing alcohol Clear liquid Flammable

Red food coloring Red color Reacts with bleach and loses color

Iron Malleable Reacts with oxygen

Changes in MatterPhysical Change

• a change in shape, size, color, or state• a change without a change in chemical

composition• a change that is reversible

– The Mixtures Lab• Examples

tearing paper cutting your hair change in state

Changes in States(Physical Changes)

Melting

Vaporization

(Evaporation/Boiling)

Freezing

Condensation

All changes in state require a change in energy

Sublimation

Bose-Einstein

Solid

Liquid

Gas

PlasmaDisposition

Why do you think Bose-Einstein and plasma are not equally distanced

from the other three states of matter?

States of Matter Simulation

Simulation 1

Simulation 2

This is what happens when energy is added and taken away

Changes in MatterChemical Change

• a change in which a substance becomes another substance having different properties

• a change that is not reversible using ordinary physical means

• Changes that usually cause heat, sound, light, odor, fizzing/foaming, color changes

You usually need more than one of the above characteristics to be considered a chemical

change!

• Examplescombining sulfuric acid and sugar

burning a piece of woodsoured milk

Chemical or Physical Change?

1. Bending a Paper Clip

2. Baking a cake

3. The sublimation of carbon dioxide

4. Crushing an aluminum can

5. Vinegar and baking soda combining to create salt and water

Physical Change

Chemical Change

Chemical Change

Physical Change

Physical Change

Kinds of Matter

• fundamental kinds of matter interact to form everything around us– elements– compounds– mixtures

Elements

• substances that cannot be broken down into other substances chemically or physically

• examples– sodium– oxygen– carbon– aluminum

Compounds

• substances made of two or more elements combined chemically

compounds have properties different from those of the original elements

• examples– water: hydrogen and

oxygen– salt: sodium and

chlorine

Mixtures

• combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

• examples– salad– frosted cake– kool-aid

Energy

• many forms– mechanical– thermal– electromagnetic– electrical– chemical