Michael Quiñones, NBCTMichael Quiñones, NBCTWWW.SOCIALSTUDIESGUY.COMWWW.SOCIALSTUDIESGUY.COM

Early Expansion and Early Expansion and Establishment of the United Establishment of the United States as an International States as an International

PowerPower

Objective 1.02Objective 1.02

Analyze the political freedoms Analyze the political freedoms available to certain groups in the available to certain groups in the

United States to 1820United States to 1820

Macro Concepts• Diversity-the nature of cultural,

racial, economic and ethnic variety within a society.

• Power- authority of a government to carry out the law.

• Status-the economic and social order of a person that defines the amount of opportunity and power he/she has.

Micro Concepts• Suffrage-the right of citizens to

vote in elections.

• Citizenship-the right and privileges of citizens within a nation.

• Class-a set of standards that define a group of people based on education, wealth and upbringing.

• Race and ethnicity-the genetic and cultural traits of a group of people that makes the group unique and distinct.

• Gender-the sex characteristics of a human being [male or female].

Suffrage RequirementsSuffrage Requirements SuffrageSuffrage is the term used to is the term used to

describe describe votingvoting..

Suffrage=voting!Suffrage=voting!

In the early United States only In the early United States only wealthy landowners were wealthy landowners were permitted to vote.permitted to vote.

Citizens had to own large tracts of Citizens had to own large tracts of land in order to vote in important land in order to vote in important elections.elections.

People such as George Washington People such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.and Thomas Jefferson.

Abigail Adams and Women’s Abigail Adams and Women’s RightsRights

Mrs. Adams was the wife Mrs. Adams was the wife of president John Adams.of president John Adams.

She was an advocate She was an advocate [defender/supporter] of [defender/supporter] of women’s rights.women’s rights.

She believed women She believed women should have full suffrage should have full suffrage rights and should not rights and should not follow the strict rules of follow the strict rules of their husbands.their husbands.

Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

After Jefferson became president he After Jefferson became president he wanted to expand the United States.wanted to expand the United States.

He was able to negotiate the He was able to negotiate the Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase from France from France for several million dollars.for several million dollars.

In the way of settling the area were In the way of settling the area were large numbers of Native tribes [at large numbers of Native tribes [at that time called Indians].that time called Indians].

The tribes were all separate from The tribes were all separate from each other but decided to eventually each other but decided to eventually unite to fight the Americans.unite to fight the Americans.

TecumsehTecumseh A Shawnee chief named A Shawnee chief named TecumsehTecumseh was was

clever enough to convince the different tribes clever enough to convince the different tribes to unite.to unite.

Tecumseh was a Tecumseh was a very engaging and charismatic speaker speaker according to recorded history.according to recorded history.

The tribes united into a strong enough force The tribes united into a strong enough force that they were able to win many battles and that they were able to win many battles and American respect.American respect.

The United States did not want to The United States did not want to continuously face such large forces so it continuously face such large forces so it signed the signed the Treaty of GreenvilleTreaty of Greenville which gave which gave the tribes a yearly payment of $10,000 in the tribes a yearly payment of $10,000 in exchange for land in Ohio and Indiana. exchange for land in Ohio and Indiana.

Image SourcesImage Sources

http://www.earlyamerica.com/portraits/washington.html

http://www.jmap.org/images/jefferson.jpg

http://www.unalienable.com/http://www.unalienable.com/images/colonies.gifimages/colonies.gif

Objective 1.03Objective 1.03

Assessing commercial and Assessing commercial and diplomatic relationships with diplomatic relationships with

Britain, France and other Britain, France and other nationsnations

Macro Concepts

• Conflict-problem or issue that is controversial and can cause problems without compromise.

• Power- authority of a government to carry out the law.

• Revolution-complete change and alteration in the way something is done.

Micro Concepts

• Foreign policy-set of goals and strategies a nation uses to relate to countries outside its borders.

• Neutrality-act of not favoring or taking sides in a dispute [especially as a third party between 2 foreign nations].

• Trade-act of buying goods and/or selling goods [especially with/to foreign nations]

• Diplomacy-act of establishing and maintaining favorable relations with foreign nations.

• Impressment-act of forcing persons to serve in a navy against their will.

The War of 1812The War of 1812 This war was A.K.A. the This war was A.K.A. the

Anglo-American WarAnglo-American War of 1812-of 1812-18151815..

This was a 3-year war This was a 3-year war between the between the U.S.U.S. and and EnglandEngland..

The U.S. was able to defeat The U.S. was able to defeat England for several reasons: England for several reasons: [a] England was far from [a] England was far from home [b] England was home [b] England was fighting France too [c] fighting France too [c] America was more America was more determined.determined.

Causes of the WarCauses of the War[1][1] England was capturing and England was capturing and

impressing American sailors.impressing American sailors.

[2] England was mad that the [2] England was mad that the U.S. stopped U.S. stopped trading/embargoed with them trading/embargoed with them Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act..

[3] The U.S. War Hawks provoked [3] The U.S. War Hawks provoked the U.S. into wanting to go to the U.S. into wanting to go to war.war.

[4] Americans believed Native-[4] Americans believed Native-Americans were attacking Americans were attacking them because England was them because England was bribing them.bribing them.

Washington’s Proclamation of Washington’s Proclamation of NeutralityNeutrality In 1793 the United States was a very In 1793 the United States was a very

new country.new country.

France had been a loyal ally for the France had been a loyal ally for the U.S. as they defeated the British.U.S. as they defeated the British.

In 1793 France needed America’s help In 1793 France needed America’s help but Washington warned the U.S. but Washington warned the U.S. against getting involved in other against getting involved in other country’s affairs. country’s affairs.

Washington believed the United Washington believed the United States should remain States should remain neutralneutral. . Another word for neutral is impartial. Another word for neutral is impartial.

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty Even though the United States had Even though the United States had

defeated the British to gain its defeated the British to gain its independence the British kept secret forts independence the British kept secret forts on U.S. soil without the Americans on U.S. soil without the Americans knowing.knowing.

President Washington sent John Jay [the President Washington sent John Jay [the Secretary of State] to England negotiate Secretary of State] to England negotiate and avoid a war.and avoid a war.

The agreement reached was not very The agreement reached was not very favorable for America because England favorable for America because England still had power to control the sea near the still had power to control the sea near the U.S. [Jay was accused of being pro-U.S. [Jay was accused of being pro-British].British].

But…England gave up its American forts But…England gave up its American forts and granted the U.S. and granted the U.S. most favored most favored nation statusnation status meaning the U.S. would meaning the U.S. would receive the best prices on goodsreceive the best prices on goods..

Pinckney’s TreatyPinckney’s Treaty After Jay’s treaty with After Jay’s treaty with

England Spain and France England Spain and France were nervous America were nervous America would try to take over their would try to take over their territories in North America.territories in North America.

President Washington sent President Washington sent Thomas PinckneyThomas Pinckney to Spain to Spain to to negotiatenegotiate and and avoid a avoid a warwar..

Pinckney negotiated the Pinckney negotiated the right of the U.S. to use right of the U.S. to use rivers through Spanish rivers through Spanish and French territoryand French territory. .

George Washington’s Farewell George Washington’s Farewell AddressAddress AddressAddress is a fancy word for is a fancy word for speechspeech. Address=speech.. Address=speech.

Before George left the White House as president he Before George left the White House as president he warned the nation to avoid: warned the nation to avoid:

[a] [a] sectionalismsectionalism [North vs. South, East vs. West] [North vs. South, East vs. West] [b] [b] political partiespolitical parties [Federalists vs. anti-Federalists] [Federalists vs. anti-Federalists] [c] [c] relations with foreign nationsrelations with foreign nations [trusting foreign [trusting foreign countries].countries].

The XYZ AffairThe XYZ Affair After Jay’s Treaty the Americans were worried about a war with After Jay’s Treaty the Americans were worried about a war with

France so Washington sent three of his advisers to France.France so Washington sent three of his advisers to France.

While the Americans were in France they were approached by 3 While the Americans were in France they were approached by 3 “shady” characters who asked them for a bribe of $250,000 plus a “shady” characters who asked them for a bribe of $250,000 plus a loan for $12 million. In exchange, the French agents would allow loan for $12 million. In exchange, the French agents would allow them to speak to their government.them to speak to their government.

The bribe was refused and the U.S. Navy began to seize French ships The bribe was refused and the U.S. Navy began to seize French ships that were in U.S. waters. that were in U.S. waters.

After this incident the United States was very suspicious and After this incident the United States was very suspicious and untrusting of foreign countries.untrusting of foreign countries.

Convention of 1800Convention of 1800 During the 1790s lots of turmoil was occurring in the U.S. [During the 1790s lots of turmoil was occurring in the U.S. [Whiskey Whiskey

RebellionRebellion, , XYZ AffairXYZ Affair, , Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts].].

Three well known candidates were running for president: Three well known candidates were running for president: AdamsAdams, , JeffersonJefferson and and BurrBurr..

None of them was well liked. No candidate received 51% of the None of them was well liked. No candidate received 51% of the popular vote [citizens’ vote]. popular vote [citizens’ vote]. The election was decided by the U.S. The election was decided by the U.S. House of Representatives. Thomas Jefferson was selected as House of Representatives. Thomas Jefferson was selected as president.president.

Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807 Lots of tension existed between the United States and European Lots of tension existed between the United States and European

countries [England and France] especially in trading goods using countries [England and France] especially in trading goods using ships.ships.

To avoid retaliating against England and France by using military To avoid retaliating against England and France by using military force the United States decided to halt commerce [stop buying force the United States decided to halt commerce [stop buying and selling goods] with European countries.and selling goods] with European countries.

This got Europe’s attention but it hurt This got Europe’s attention but it hurt American businessesAmerican businesses such as farmers because they such as farmers because they had fewer customers to sell tohad fewer customers to sell to. .

The War HawksThe War Hawks During the early 1800s England was During the early 1800s England was

very aggressive with its ships and was very aggressive with its ships and was seizingseizing U.S. ships. U.S. ships.

The The Embargo ActEmbargo Act was making was making European countries upset. Jefferson European countries upset. Jefferson had Congress pass an even stricter law had Congress pass an even stricter law called the called the Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act that that forbade American trade with Europe.forbade American trade with Europe.

The War Hawks wanted the U.S. to The War Hawks wanted the U.S. to declare war on England to make it clear declare war on England to make it clear it was capable of protecting itself.it was capable of protecting itself.

The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans This was the last major battle of the War of This was the last major battle of the War of

1812.1812.

General Jackson was the leader of U.S. Forces.General Jackson was the leader of U.S. Forces.

The U.S. was able to prevent the British from The U.S. was able to prevent the British from taking over the land obtained by the Louisiana taking over the land obtained by the Louisiana Purchase Purchase [this was huge morale boost for the [this was huge morale boost for the United States Army].United States Army].

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent At the end of the War of 1812 England and the United At the end of the War of 1812 England and the United

States signed the States signed the Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent..

America was considered a world power after 1812 America was considered a world power after 1812 because it had defeated another great world power because it had defeated another great world power (again).(again).

ImpressmentImpressmentBoth before and during the War of 1812 British warships were in serious need of personnel to man their ships.

Whenever British warships captured foreign sea vessels the captives [especially Americans] were impressed.

The purpose of impressment was to both embarrass the captives and staff the British warships so they were able to carry out their missions. This was considered a huge factor that led to the War of 1812?

Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty Seminole tribes were raiding towns in Georgia and Alabama Seminole tribes were raiding towns in Georgia and Alabama

and threatening the lives of Americans.and threatening the lives of Americans. General Andrew Jackson’s army was able to destroy several General Andrew Jackson’s army was able to destroy several

Seminole villages in Spanish Florida.Seminole villages in Spanish Florida. Spain signed an agreement ceding [giving] control of all of Spain signed an agreement ceding [giving] control of all of

Florida and parts of Southern Georgia, Alabama and Florida and parts of Southern Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana to the U.S.Louisiana to the U.S.

Image SourcesImage Sources http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/jaytreaty/1.html http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/j/John%20Jay.jpg http://www.historycentral.com/nn/pickney.jpg http://130.18.140.19/stennis/washingtonresigning.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/

The_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Mortefontaine,_30th_September_1800_by_ViThe_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Mortefontaine,_30th_September_1800_by_Victor-Jean_Adam.jpg/220px-ctor-Jean_Adam.jpg/220px-The_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Mortefontaine,_30th_September_1800_by_ViThe_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Mortefontaine,_30th_September_1800_by_Victor-Jean_Adam.jpgctor-Jean_Adam.jpg

http://www.galafilm.com/1812/e/catalogues/sketches/sketches_lrg/149-http://www.galafilm.com/1812/e/catalogues/sketches/sketches_lrg/149-Embargo.jpgEmbargo.jpg

http://mrkash.com/activities/images/impressment.gifhttp://mrkash.com/activities/images/impressment.gif http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/114.jpghttp://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/114.jpg http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wcarr1/Lossing2/11-http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wcarr1/Lossing2/11-

07.gif07.gif http://www.historicalartprints.com/images/http://www.historicalartprints.com/images/

product_small/Battle-of-New-Orleans-lrg-.jpgproduct_small/Battle-of-New-Orleans-lrg-.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/

7/73/20090320204759!Signing_of_Treaty_of_Ghent_(1812).jpg7/73/20090320204759!Signing_of_Treaty_of_Ghent_(1812).jpg http://thomaslegioncherokee.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/http://thomaslegioncherokee.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/

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