Missouri Compromise (1819)

Missouri asked to join as a slave state (11 free/11 slave states at the time)

Missouri would enter as a slave state, Maine would enter as a free state

Imaginary line drawn across southern border of Missouri

Slavery allowed south of the line, banned north of the line

Compromise of 1850

1849-California wanted to enter the Union (15 slave/15 free states at the time)

5 parts California entered as a free state Mexican Cession divided into New

Mexico and Utah-voters would decide on slavery

Ended slave trade in Washington D.C.

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Law: Required all citizens to help catch runaway

slaves. Anyone who helped a fugitive slave could be

fined or imprisoned.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Nebraska divided into Kansas and Nebraska

Settlers would decide on slavery Undid the Missouri Compromise Settlers started moving to Nebraska

and Kansas (p. 444)

Frederick Douglass

1. Born a slave, taught myself to read and write.

2. I escaped in 1838. 3. I am a member of the

Massachusetts Antislavery Society and have traveled to speak to abolitionist meetings. I have also been the editor of an antislavery newspaper called the “North Star.”

I returned to the U.S. because I believe slavery must be fought at it’s source.

Frederick Douglass

5. “your celebration is a sham…your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless…your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery.”

Dred Scott Case

When his owner died, filed a lawsuit that claimed since he had lived in a free territory, he was a free man.

Supreme Court ruled that Scott could not file a lawsuit because he was not a citizen.

Stated that slaves were property. Ruled that Congress did not have the

power to outlaw slavery in any territory.

John Brown

Murdered 5 proslavery settlers in Kansas

Harpers Ferry-took over a federal arsenal, hoped for a slave uprising. Became a martyr for abolitionists.

Election of 1860 Views on Slavery

Lincoln-against slavery morally, against having slavery in the territories, did not want to interfere with slavery in the slave states.

Douglas-let people in the territories decide.

Election of 1860

Republicans nominated Lincoln Democrats split the nomination-

Douglas (Northern Democrats), Breckinridge (Southern Democrats).

Lincoln won, even though his name was not on the ballot in 10 states.

Electoral Results for the Election of 1860

Lincoln 180, Breck. 72, Bell 39, Doug. 12 (needed 152)

Popular vote: Lincoln 1,866,452 Breck 847953 Bell 592, 906 Douglas 1, 382, 713 This means 2,823,572 did NOT vote

for Lincoln!

Secession

First state to secede was South Carolina, followed by Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.

The Civil War

More than 3 million Americans fought in it, over 600,000 men died

185,000 African Americans fought in it for the Union (Glory)

Four of Lincoln’s brothers-in-law fought on the Confederate side

American War Casualties

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

# ofDeaths

Civil War

WW I

WW II

The First “Modern” War

Why? New technology, such as trains, telegraph, ironclads, grenades, and long range rifles.

Was this a war to end slavery?

Lincoln-”My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.”

These Happened First During the Civil War

The Bugle Call “Taps”

U.S. Secret Service Income tax Draft Baseball became a

popular sport The term

“sideburns,” after General Burnsides

Population

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

North

South

South Free

North South

Union, USA, Federals

23 states 92% of nation’s

industries 75% of railroads 75% of nation’s

wealth

Confederacy, Confederate States of America (CSA)

11 states Mainly farmland Most wealth in

land and slaves

North South

Abraham Lincoln President

Poor generals Strategy-Naval

Blockade, split South in two and capture Richmond

Washington D.C. capital

Jefferson Davis President

Great generals Strategy-Fight a

defensive war until the North tires of fighting

Capture Washington D.C.

Richmond, VA capital

North South

Large navy Cause for

fighting-Keep the country together

Nicknames-Feds, Yanks, Billy Yanks, Yankees

No navy at start of war

Cause for fighting-Gain independence, save the southern way of life (slavery)

Nicknames-Rebels, Rebs, Confederates, Graybacks, Butternuts

North South

Fighting to protect their homes

Home-field advantage

People of the Civil War

Abraham LincolnPresident of the United States

Jefferson DavisPresident of the Confederate States of America (CSA)

Robert E. LeeCommander of Confederate Forces

Ulysses S. GrantUnion commander at the end of the Civil War.

Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonLee’s most valuable General. Never lost a battle to the North.

1861-62

The First Year of the War

Fort Sumter

Charleston, SC April 10-13, 1861 This began the war

Bull Run (Manassas)

30 miles from Washington, D.C.

July 21, 1861 First major battle

of Civil War “Stonewall

Jackson” earned his nickname.

Bull Run (Manassas)

Fought in Wilmer McLean’s front yard

Monitor vs. Merrimac

March 8-9, 1862 Monitor (Union) First battle

between ironclad ships

Wooden ships are obsolete

Antietam (Sharpsburg)

September 17, 1862

convinced British and French not to ally with Confederates

Bloodiest single day of the war Union- 12,401 dead, wounded, or missing

Confederates-10,318

Things That Happened Other Than Battles In

1861-62

McClellan named Union commander.....

then replaced by Burnside.....

then replaced by Hooker

1863-64

Chancellorsville

April 30-May 6, 1863

Stonewall Jackson shot and killed by his own men

Lee “He has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right.”

Gettysburg

July 1-3, 1863 Pennsylvania bloodiest battle of

the war-51,000 men dead (23,000 U, 28,000 C)

turning point of the war

President Lincoln Issues the “Emancipation

Proclamation” Freed slaves in the

Confederate states but not the border states.

January 1, 1863 QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Light Blue=Border States (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, West Virginia, Missouri

Lincoln delivers “Gettysburg Address”

Dedicating a military cemetery in honor of those who died there

November 19, 1863

followed Edward Everett-a famous and eloquent speaker who spoke for around 2 hours

Lincoln’s speech lasted around 2-3 minutes (272 words)

Gettysburg Address

Newspapers ridiculed it for being so short and simple

Today is considered one of the greatest speeches ever

“Anything more dull and commonplace would not be easy to produce.”

-Times of London

“The cheek of every American must tingle with

shame as he reads the silly, flat, dishwatery

utterances of the man who has to be pointed out to intelligent foreigners as the President of the

United States”-Chicago Times

Hooker is replaced.... by Meade....... who is then

replaced by Grant

Lincoln defeats McClellan and is re-

elected

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

1865

Saylor’s Creek

April 6, 1865 8000 Rebels

surrender (most ever in history of North America)

Lee Surrenders to Grant

April 7, 1865 Took place in the

home of Wilmer McLean in Appomattox Court House

http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=Bull+Run,+VA&daddr=Main+Street,+Appomattox,+VA+24522+(Appomattox+Courthouse)&hl=en&geocode=Fe7KTwIdXyFh-ylrNEh-AV22iTHxzOYHKV7KWg%3BFUD5OQIdDixN-yF8gCGYUsh6Iw&mra=pe&mrcr=0&sll=38.076757,-78.235565&sspn=2.347822,4.235229&ie=UTF8&ll=38.078366,-78.178711&spn=2.347822,4.235229&z=8

Terms of the Surrender

Surrender of the Confederate Army

Turning over of Rebel arms and supplies

Rebels could keep private arms and horses

Lee did not surrender his sword