V.P.M’s Joshi-Bedekar College of Arts and Commerce,

Thane.

Priyanka D Joshi.88

Topic:

Naxalisim in India

Red Corridor.

Charu MajumdarMajumdar gave sole importance to secret organization and armed training of its members for the purpose of eliminating the class.

Majumdar after had gone underground in 1970, and he was nabbed in Calcutta in July, 1972. The end of his life came in the jail in some days after his arrest.

About Naxalisim:

“Naxal” comes from “Naxalbari” village in West Bengal.

Naxalism- An informal name given to radical, often violent, revolutionary communist groups that were born out of the Sino-Soviet split in Indian Communist Movement.

Origin- Split in the Communist Party of India.

Initial centre was West Bengal. Later it spread into Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.It was led by Charu Mazumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. 

Areas with Naxalite activity in 2007 and 2013

Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Orissa(Odisha), Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal are the states which are affected by naxalite activity. It is also called as Red Corridor.

Present Context of Naxal Movement and violence

•Andhra Pradesh •Bihar•Chhattisgarh•Jharkhand•Karnataka•Kerala•Madhya Pradesh•Maharashtra•Orissa•Tamil Nadu•Uttar Pradesh•Uttarakhand and•West Bengal

Today,

Areas affect

ed with

Naxalism:-

Naxalites are –Common people who want equal social and financial status for all.Who work for decentralization of power.

Who want Basic amenities, infrastructure and opportunities to grow.The Naxalites say they are fighting oppression and exploitation to create a classless society.

The Naxalites operate mostly in the rural and Adivasi areas, often out of the continuous jungles in these regions.They are organized mostly where there is forest cover.

Their motto is to show teeth and enlarge upon their ideology and if possible support landless and poor.

Origin and Cause:Naxalisim is originated by a gentleman K Sanyal who believed in communist ideology, but thought that economic freedom will come when you fight with rich who have amassed wealth.Charu Majumdar, inspired by the doctrines of Mao Zedong of China, advocated that Indian peasants and lower class tribal's overthrow the government and upper classes by force for whom he held responsible for their plight.A large of urban elites were also attracted to the ideology, which spreads through Majumdar’s writing particularly the “historic eight documents” which formed basis of naxalite ideology.Even as on today, there are several splitter groups operating in various states.

Impact of Naxalism on Economic Development.

Reduction in per capita GDP growth – The nominal per capita GDP of all affected states excluding Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra is below 1000 $. In comparison to this most of the unaffected states have a per capita GDP in excess of 1000 $ for the 2009 fiscal year.Lower tax revenues – The Naxals run a parallel government in their areas preventing the governing agencies to collect taxes etc.Higher inflation rates.

Lower domestic investment and higher expenditure on defense at the cost of lower expenditure on education and health.

Anti naxalism- Policies in Indian context.

The time is ripe enough to focus on our internal security situations instead of devoting so much time to other issues. The most challenging task before the government today is the elimination of the naxal terror network in its entirely.

The intelligence network has to be strengthen significantly.The threat is more from these anti national elements as compared to hostile neighboring countries.

It should not be forgotten that there are many social issues that are to be given prior obligation on the part of government like- Development of under developed areas Unemployment Ensuring safety and security for human lives.

Eradication measures.North Eastern part of India are mostly tribal’s with little education ,they are easy prey for these Naxal/Maoist elements.People should be taught of judiciary , the laws , and the value of public property or National property which is possible only by educating themThe most important cause may be the poor implementation of the different welfare programmaes and policies in the needy areas in the country

Kiran Bedi, has suggested a four-fold program for controlling Naxal problem which sounds appealing. She suggested appointment of 80 best selected DM and SP in most intensely Naxal affected district with four times salary along with establishment of a separate intelligence bureau operating from the area itself. She also suggested opening a regional office of Home Ministry operating from area of conflict itself.

Government policies.Naxalism 2009-Operation Green Hunt

Initiated with the blessings of Home minister P.Chidambaram with the objective of cleansing naxalism from the Indian main land.

The central government has recently decided to allocate meager Rs. 2 crore per year to per Naxal-affected district to develop the socio-economic situation.This is more a social and political problem than a law and

order problem.The government has also initiated publicity campaigns in order to garner support from the general public in their efforts to crack down on the naxals

Reasons for failure of naxalite movement

They wanted to encircle the urban centers with organized peasant forces of the villages.

The action of eliminating the so-called class enemies in villages was a wrong principle of political mobilization by individual murder of select few people whose political class- character was never adjudged by their socio-economic conditions, and the properties they possessed.Very often only by their political affiliation or by the name and color of the party or parties they directly or indirectly belonged to for a long or a short period of time.Recruitment in the Naxalite party was never done on proper

judgment and scrutiny of the political characters and behaviors of the recruits.

In many cases dreaded criminals too enrolled themselves in the Naxalite party with the objective of getting fire arms and to train themselves in the manufacture and use of fire arms.

Media coverage:

Media coverageContinual violent activities of these groups have attracted much media attention

There are two major factors which have contributed to the increased coverage of Naxal news.

First, the number of private media groups has increased in the post Cold War era due to the adoption of a neo-liberal market policy by the central government

Second, the increased number of media groups has increased competition.

Armed insurgencies led by Naxal groups have been given special attention in both print and television media.Another reason for the heightened coverage of Naxal activity is the sensitive nature of news.

Particularly the satellite media, has negatively sensationalized the Naxal’s violent activities.

Print media by virtue of its nature could not attract as much audience attention.

According to the media monitoring report, since 2004 to 2007, every year the number of coverage of violent activities by Maoist increased.

The increased coverage and the airing of Maoist leader interviews gave audiences an image of Robin Hood among their cadres and sympathizers.

One positive outcome of the Naxal threat is the more media coverage on the dispossessed and deprived tribal population of our country.

Books and movies about NaxalismA 2005 movie called Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi, directed

by Sudhir Mishra, was set against the backdrop of the Naxalite movement.

In August 2008, Kabeer Kaushik's Chamku, starring Bobby Deol and Priyanka Chopra, explored the story of a boy who is brainwashed to take arms against the state.

The 1998 film Haazar chaurasi ki Maa (based on the novel, Hazar Churashir Maa[17] by Mahasweta Devi) starring Jaya Bachchan gives a very sympathetic portrayal of a Naxalbari militant killed by the state

Eka Nakshalwadya Cha Janma, (Marathi: The birth of a Naxal), a novel written by Vilas Balkrishna Manohar

Conclusion

Naxal are not terrorists because they don’t resort to irresponsible acts of terror by planting bombs on streets. Naxal are fighters who fight for their rights. They don’t harass the common man and poor. - Om Puri

Naxalism is major threat faced by our country today. It is harming innocent people and people at fault are roaming around. Fight for right but if you make wrong your right then all actions are going to lose their meaning.

If young minds can be captured by teachings of naxalism, why cant the same minds be captured and changed through education???

Thank you!!!