Nonverbal Messages: Body

& Sound

Chapter 6

Nonverbal Communication

• Massages expressed by other than linguistic means

Kinesics- Body Positions and Motion

Body Orientation PostureGestures

I. Body Communication

Emblems IllustratorsAffect Displays

RegulatorsAdaptors

• Body Orientation: The degree to which we face toward or away from someone during communication.

• Posture: The alignment of or bodies

• Gestures: The movement of the arms and hands

• Emblems are a nonverbal substitute for the verbal message

• Deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have a very precise meaning, known to everyone within a group.

Illustrators visually demonstrate & accompany

the verbal message

The fish was this big

Affect Displays any emotional response

Regulators group of behaviors that encourage or

discourage communication

Adaptors satisfy some need

Facial Communication the communication of emotions• A. Face Management

– Intensifying = exaggerate expression.– De-intensifying = to underplay an expression– Neutralizing = to hide any expression of

feelings– Masking = to replace one expression with

another

Eye CommunicationFunctions of Eye Contact

1. seek feedback2. regulate the flow of

communication3. signal the nature of the

relationship

a. duration & quality

b. visual dominance

= aggressive stare

c. Eye Avoidance

Paralanguagethe vocal, but nonverbal, dimension of speech. Refers to the manner in which you say something rather than what you say

• A. Rate• B. Volume• C. Pitch• D. Rhythm• E. Silence• F. Disfluencies

• I need this job done right now.• I need this job done right now.• I need this job done right now.• I need this job done right now.

I. Spatial Messages

• A. Edward T. Hall’s 4 Spatial Distances

Intimate Personal

SocialPublic

1. Intimate: 0 - 18”

2. Personal: 18” - 4’

3. Social: 4’ -12’

4. Public: 12-25’

B. Theories About Space• 1. Protection Theory = you establish

a body buffer zone around yourself as protection against unwanted touching or attack

• 2. Equilibrium Theory = intimacy and distance vary together

Territoriality = possessive reaction to objects/area

• A. Home Field Advantage• B. Markers

1. central = place items in the middle to show ownership

2. boundary = separates your territory from another

3. ear marker = identifying mark of property

III. Artifacts = messages conveyed by objects that were

made by human hands

• A. Space Decoration • B. Color Communication• C. Clothing & Body Adornment

D. Scent (Olfactics)

• 1. Attraction• 2. Taste• 3. Memory• 4. Identification

III. Temporal Communication (Chronemics)

A. Cultural Time

1. formal time = manner in which culture defines time

2. informal time = loose use of time terms

B. Monochronism & Polychronism

• 1. monochronic (M-time) = value punctuality, one event at a time

• 2. polychronic (P-time) =process is more important than the schedule

a. do not value punctuality b. do many events at once

C. Psychological Time = emphasis on past, present, or future

1. developed by your culture (SES, frame

of reference)