nrl marine meteorology division 2011 65 th interdepartmental hurricane conference new airborne...

NRL Marine Meteorology DivisionNRL Marine Meteorology Division2011 65th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference2011 65th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference

New Airborne observing strategy:‘Combo’ deployment of AXBTs and Sondes

Ocean observations in developing and mature TC’s based on a new airborne observing strategy:

'Combo' deployments of AXBT’s and GPS dropsondes from long-endurance, multi-altitude reconnaissance flights

P. G. Black1 and J. D. Hawkins2

1SAIC, Inc./Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA 2Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA

Collaborators: E. D’Asaro & M. Ohmart- U. Washington; P. Harr, A. Penny, C. DePalma, R. Creasey and H. Hornick- NPS; Y. Jin, S. Chen, J. Cummings, S. Wang, J. Solbrig & M. Surrat- NRL; G. Elliott & G. Foley- BoM-Au; M. Kucas, R. Ballucanag, K. Bench & C. Morris- JTWC; P. Niiler- Scripps; J. Kerling- NAVO; Robert Lee- CORLEE, Lld.; LtCol Roy Deatherage, 53rd WRS-AFRC

65th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference (IHC)28 February – 3 March, 2011

Miami, Florida



Objectives:Objectives: Observe atmosphere and ocean during formation phase of Observe atmosphere and ocean during formation phase of

candidate TCscandidate TCsObserve TC Inner-Core surface wind field and ocean Observe TC Inner-Core surface wind field and ocean

structure, especially during RI/RD. structure, especially during RI/RD. Observe mature phase ‘cold wake’ formation, structure and Observe mature phase ‘cold wake’ formation, structure and

time evolution.time evolution.

Technical Approach:Technical Approach:Design and execute WC-130J aircraft flight plans for optimal Design and execute WC-130J aircraft flight plans for optimal

achievement of ITOP goals.achievement of ITOP goals.Employ two WC-130J aircraft/crews with SFMR, AXBT and Employ two WC-130J aircraft/crews with SFMR, AXBT and

buoy-deployment capability- transmit data in real-time.buoy-deployment capability- transmit data in real-time.Conduct joint flights of 53Conduct joint flights of 53rdrd WRS WC-130J and DOTSTAR WRS WC-130J and DOTSTAR

ASTRA.ASTRA.



ITOP DOTSTAR/WC-130J joint observations: Fanapi (2010)

0000 UTC, Sept. 17th 0000 UTC, Sept. 18th

WC-130J

DOTSTAR- ASTRA

ITOP Operations1. Aircraft Module2. Synoptic surveillance module (Taiwan-NTU/ CWB)3. Taiwan moorings (4)4. U. Miami ASIS/EASI moorings (2)5. Satellite image acquisition (NRL)6. SAR image acquisition (U. Miami)7. R/V Revelle + 4 Taiwan research vessels8. Ship-based AUVs (16)



.

WC-130J Ocean Sensor Deployments

AXBT/Launcher

Drifters - Floats

MOOS

NRL Mobile Ocean Observing System



26C Isotherm Depth, D26

Megi

MalakasFanapiFanapi

ITOP TC tracks and ARGO ocean temperature profiles near point of development showing range of D26 values (Courtesy I-I Lin):

TY Fanapi (70m)TY Malakas (40 m)

STY Megi (120m)

CAT 3CAT 2

CAT5



Semi-Diurnal Tide in the Philippine SeaRidges generate internal tideGeometry makes a focus point

9 hr AXBT repeat pattern

Tem

p D

iff

from

Mea

nT

emp

Dif

f fr

om M

ean

ModelKo

70m vertical displacement of 20C isotherm

OBSAXBT



14

TC FanapiTC Fanapi

1414

1313

1212

TC FanapiTC Fanapi

1414

1313

1212

1) Slow development overWarm pool-cold eddy

2) Formation overWARM EDDY

Fanapi development modulated by ocean features!



Semi-Diurnal Tides

Fanapi 13 SeptWarm/Cold Eddy

Fanapi 14 SeptWarm Eddy

Eddy ocean structure variability greaterthan that from diurnal tides!

ITOP AXBT Data60 m variationin 26oC isotherm

100 m variationin 26oC isotherm

50 m variationin 26oC isothermover 9 hr



Surface 12 Sept, 2010

1.Wave growth over deep D26700 MB 12 Sept, 2010

2.Weak wave vertical consistency

Surface 13 Sept, 2010

700 MB 13 Sept, 2010

4.Slow vertical development

5.FANAPI genesis over warm eddy

6.Vertical development established

3.Sfc vortex develops over warm/cold eddies



OHC26 KO EASNF 19 Sept Typhoon Fanapi region

25

20

125 130

Major Eddy

Locations

Cold

Warm

A1, A2, A3

moorings



AMSR-E Fanapi Cold Wake Monitoring: Typhoon Phase

20 Sept

NRLHawkins

NTULin

Eddies modulatecold wake

19 Sept



Jangmi Rapid Intensification/Decay Coincides with passage over warm/cold eddy pair prior to Taiwan landfall

ITOP/TCS10 STY Megi undergoes RI over large D26 and OHC26 region

Similar to TCS08 STY Jangmi RI/RD episode

D26100

m

50 m

Cold Eddy

Warm Eddy

Ed

dy B

ou

nd

ary

Lan

dfa

ll

24 25 26 27 28 29 30Sept, 2008

Vm

ax (

kt)

RDRI



Coupled COAMPS-TC continued RI until cold eddy passage and began weakening following passage, prior to landfall.

Uncoupled COAMPS-TC began weakening only after landfall.

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96

For ecast hour

J MA J TWC Coupled Uncoupled

Surface Max Winds (m s-1)

25 26 27 28 29

Ed

dy

Lan

dfa

ll

Jangmi TCS08COAMPS-TCCoupled andUncoupled IntensitySimulation

(Courtesy Y. Jin)



Future Plans

• Develop additional diagnostic analysis tools for TPARC/TCS08 and ITOP/TCS10 aircraft data and companion COAMPS-TC model output fields.

• Develop operational AXBT/Sonde ‘Combo’ TC data archive to assist in initializing and validating coupled TC prediction models

Key Results

• TC formation process modulated by underlying ocean heat content structure

• TC Rapid Intensification/Rapid Decay (RI/RD) cycle strongly modulated by underlying ocean eddy pairs

• Warm and cold eddies modulate cold wake

• Warm and cold eddy pairs contribute to timing of RI/RD

nrl marine meteorology division 2011 65 th interdepartmental hurricane conference new airborne...

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