nt639 romans (greek text) -...

Master of Divinity, Master of Ministry and Related Programs

NT639

Romans (Greek Text)

Semester 1, 2018

Malyon College

is an approved institution of the Australian College of Theology

NT639 is offered by Malyon College as part of the Master of Divinity, Master of Ministry and Related Programs. This unit is an accredited award of the Australian College of Theology (ACT) and is authorized for distance and

contact delivery by Malyon College.

NT639 Romans (Greek text)

MALYON COLLEGE

At Malyon we recognise that the world is changing. These are times of great challenge and opportunity. Our commitment is to raising up a generation of influential Christians who have a strong biblical base, skills in leadership and ministry, and a heart for God. We have been training Christian leaders for over 100 years, and we’ve learnt a few things about theological training. Our graduates are serving all over the world as pastors, cross-cultural workers, workplace leaders, chaplains, church leaders and theological faculty. Malyon offers full-time and part-time study options through lecture, intensive and distance modes. We have excellent resources for students including a large library, wireless internet and 24 hour access to the campus. All our awards are accredited through the Australian College of Theology.

The Australian College of Theology

The ACT was established under the auspices of the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia in 1891. The ACT is a company limited by guarantee governed by a nine-member Board of Directors. The Anglican Primate of Australia presides as the chairman of meetings of the company which consists of 54 persons (in 2010). The ACT is an Australasian provider of state accredited higher education courses leading to awards in theology and other disciplines related to Christian ministry. The ACT operates as an ecumenical consortium of some 2,500 students enrolled in 19 Bible and theological colleges approved to teach the awards of the ACT. These awards range from two-year diplomas, three-year undergraduate and coursework masters degrees to masters and doctoral research degrees. The ACT has a centrally devised and managed curriculum and a quality assurance process that are applied across the whole network of affiliated colleges. The day-to-day educational system is managed by the Dean from the ACT office in Sydney. Academic governance is the responsibility of the Academic Board which oversees all academic activities of the College. The standing committees of the Academic Board share this responsibility by monitoring the quality of delivery and resourcing, developing policy, and reviewing the course structure for research, coursework and diploma courses. The membership of the Academic Board and its committees is comprised mostly of faculty members of affiliated colleges. A number of senior university academics are represented to help ensure that ACT practice (especially in the outcome of the consideration of research examiner’s reports and general academic policy) remains comparable with the standards of and best practice in the university sector. As a HEP under the Higher Education Support Act, the College was required to undergo a quality audit conducted by the Australian Universities Quality Agency (AUQA). The AUQA Audit Report was publicly released on the AUQA website in February 2007. In 2010 the company consists of 54 members composed in the following way: (1) the Anglican Primate of Australian and the Dean of the ACT, (2) the principals of 10 Anglican Theological Colleges, (3) 21 persons elected by the House of Bishops of the General Synod, (4) the principals of 11 affiliated colleges approved to deliver the research degrees of the ACT, (5) 5 graduates holding an ACT research degree, (6) 5 graduates holding any other degree of the ACT.


UNIT DETAILS

Unit Description

NT639 Romans (Greek Text) is an advanced elective New Testament exegesis unit in the Department of Bible and Languages. It entails detailed study of critical issues and the theology of the apostle Paul’s letter to the Romans, building upon the foundations laid in NT502. The unit also involves the translation and exegesis of selected chapters of Romans, building upon the foundations laid in LA004.

Credit Points

This unit is valued at 4 credit points.

Co- and Pre-Requisites

Pre-Requisites: LA004A and LA004B

Co-Requisite: NT502

Exclusions

This unit cannot be completed for credit purposes if the student has already received credit for the any of the following units:

NT625 Pauline Theology and Romans (English Text) NT635 Pauline Theology and Romans (Greek Text) NT629 Romans (English Text)

Unit Content

The unit is made up of the following sections and sub-sections:

1. Introductory issues:

a. the themes and purpose(s) of Romans in the context of the Pauline mission;

b. the major issues in contemporary study of the book of Romans; and

c. the bearing of contemporary approaches to Pauline theology on the interpretation of Romans

2. Translation and exegesis of the Greek text of Romans 1-8 (or equivalent passages). An acquaintance with the issues in the major textual variants is expected.

Unit Outcomes

On completion of the unit, students will:

A. Know and understand: 1. The themes and purpose(s) of Romans in the context of the Pauline mission 2. The major issues in the contemporary study of Romans


3. The bearing of contemporary approaches to Pauline Theology on the interpretation of Romans

4. The Greek text of Romans 5. The nature and methods of New Testament exegesis 6. A selection of historic and contemporary interpretations of Romans

B. In order to determine the meaning of the Greek text of Romans, be able to: 1. Use sources such as lexicons, theological dictionaries, grammars, textual

analyses, commentaries and on-line resources 2. Identify the authorship, date and purpose 3. Translate into English 4. Evaluate textual variants and issues in the history of the text 5. Explain the bearing of its genre, literary features and rhetorical conventions 6. Utilize the historical, social and cultural contexts 7. Assign passages to their literary context 8. Establish the meaning of significant words and phrases in the contexts of the

epistle and Paul’s other writings 9. Trace inter-textual references and allusions 10. Discuss the main themes, arguments and teachings 11. Translate and exegete selected chapters of the Greek text of Romans 12. Discuss interpretations of Romans

C. Be in a position to: 1. Exegete the Greek text of Romans for personal understanding and for use in

ministry contexts 2. Integrate perspectives from Romans into biblical interpretation and Christian

thinking 3. Apply the teaching of Romans to situations and issues in contemporary

Christianity and society 4. Evaluate interpretations of Romans

Workload Requirement

A unit will generally require about 10 hours per week for lectures for contact students or home study for distance students, preparation and revision, and assignment work over thirteen weeks. In addition, three study weeks are worked into each semester. Excluding the study weeks, this generally averages out as follows:

1) Contact students: a) Lectures – 3 hours per week; b) Preparation and revision – 2 hours per week; c) Assignments – 5 hours per week.

2) Distance students: a) Home study; including forums and revision – 5 hours per week; b) Assignments – 5 hours per week.


Learning Guides

You should access the Learning Guides on the unit Moodle page for guidance through your studies for the semester.

Assessment Requirements

You will need to complete the following assessment requirements:

1. Two formally prepared and formally graded translations from Romans (2 x 20% = 40%)

2. Class participation: translations prepared beforehand and verbally presented in the class, from Week 4 onwards (10%)

3. Major exegetical essay on a key text OR concept in Romans (3000 words; 50%)

Contact students will be expected to attend all lectures, while the forum posts are the distance student’s equivalent of classroom interaction. Just as class attendance is compulsory for on-campus students, forum participation is compulsory for distance students.

Students who fail to attend lectures or complete forum posts satisfactorily may be failed.

Required Resources

In order to complete the unit, you will need to have access to the following resources.

The primary source in this unit is the Greek text of Romans, so the following is mandatory:

Aland, Barbara et al (eds). 2001. The Greek New Testament. 4th revised edition. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. (A 5th edition is also now available, but the updates are limited to the General Epistles).

You will also need a good commentary which references the Greek text of Romans. The following is highly recommended:

Moo, Douglas J. 1996. The Epistle to the Romans. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Among many others, the following are also of great value:

Dunn, James D G. 1988. Romans 1-8 and Romans 9-16, Vols 38A and 38B of the Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. 1993. Romans: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Vol 33, The Anchor Bible. New York: Doubleday.

Hultgren, Arland J. 2011. Paul’s Letter to the Romans: A Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Longenecker, Richard N. 2015. The Epistle to the Romans. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Schreiner, Thomas R. 1998. Romans. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker.

For more detailed discussion on Paul, his writings, and his theology, the following are very helpful:


Gorman, Michael J. 2017. Apostle of the Crucified Lord: A Theological Introduction to Paul and His Letters. Second edition. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Longenecker, Richard N. 2011. Introducing Romans: Critical Issues in Paul’s Most Famous Letter. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

This older work retains its value:

Bruce, F F. 1977. Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

For translation and other technical help on the text of Romans, I strongly recommend:

Harvey, John D. 2017. Romans. Exegetical Guide to the Greek New Testament. Nashville: B&H Academic.

Additionally, further learning resources will be made available on Moodle, our Online Learning Centre. These resources may include articles, extracts, contact lecture notes and other learning activities.

General Comments

Paul’s letter to the Romans has had enormous significance throughout the history of the Christian church. Among the multitudes down through the centuries who have been profoundly influenced by it, Augustine, Luther, John Wesley, and Karl Barth are prominent. My hope is that you will join this illustrious company!

Your encounter with the Greek text of Romans is the primary outcome for this unit. Make it your primary goal to become as familiar as possible with Romans itself (all sixteen chapters, and not just the eight designated for exegesis in this unit – it’s impossible to understand the first eight chapters if they are wrenched out of the context of the letter as a whole). A good strategy for achieving this goal would include reading through Romans repeatedly in a number of English versions, in an interlinear, and (of course) in the Greek text itself. Your reading should be aimed at soaking in the content of Romans and producing your own detailed outline of its argument.

Please don’t ignore the “application” facet of the Learning Outcomes (Section C) on page 4 above, the following in particular: 1. “Exegete the Greek text of Romans for personal understanding and for use in ministry contexts”; and 3. “Apply the teaching of Romans to situations and issues in contemporary Christianity and society”. These are key outcomes of the unit that will be missed if we are tempted to think that we can approach Romans (or any part of Scripture, for that matter) in a purely “academic” way. My prayer is that your engagement with Romans will go much further than that, and that (like untold numbers of Christ-followers before you) you will find your life transformed by the text of this remarkable letter.


Lecture Schedule

Week Date Topic

1 14 Feb Introduction to the unit, assessment. Thinking our way through Romans: a survey of the letter’s contents. Romans as a letter: the author and his circumstances; the recipients and their situation.

2 21 Feb What is Romans really all about? Historical reception of the letter; main themes. The purpose/s of Romans. The centrum Paulinum.

3 28 Feb The current debate on Romans: the “new perspective” on Paul, responses to the “new perspective”, and the influence of this debate on the interpretation of Romans. Principles of exegesis.

4 7 Mar Romans 1:1-17

5 14 Mar Romans 1:18-32; 2:1-11

6 21 Mar Romans 2:12-29; 3:1-8

7 28 Mar Romans 3:9-31

4 Apr STUDY WEEK 1

11 Apr STUDY WEEK 2

8 18 Apr Romans 4:1-25

9 25 Apr Romans 5:1-21

10 2 May Romans 6:1-23

11 9 May Romans 7:1-25

12 16 May Romans 8:1-17

13 23 May Romans 8:18-39

30 May STUDY WEEK 3


UNIT LECTURER

The unit NT439 Romans (Greek text) is taught by Rev Dr D L Morcom. My first name is Donald, but everyone calls me by my initial “D”; I hope you will feel free to do the same.

I was born in Brisbane but spent most of my childhood and youth and much of my adulthood in South Africa, where my parents served as missionaries. I have been a passionate Christ-follower for as long as I can remember. My professional background was in the printing industry and in Christian publishing. I studied at the Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa (LThHons) and at the University of South Africa (BA). After serving as pastor of two Baptist churches in the Johannesburg area, I studied at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky in the United States (MDiv, PhD). I was then appointed lecturer and later Principal of the Baptist Theological College in Johannesburg, where I taught for thirteen and a half years. I returned to Australia with my family at the beginning of 2002. After three years of pastoral ministry I was appointed to Malyon College at the beginning of 2005, where I presently serve as lecturer.

I am married to Jackie, and we have three adult children (Michelle, Bryan and Joanne), five grandchildren (so far!) and an energetic golden Labrador.

Contact details:

Office number (07) 3354 5656

E-mail [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


UNIT ASSESSMENT

Assessment Instructions

In completing assessments, students should note that: 1. The College requirements for the writing and submission of assignments are to be

adhered to at all times, as marks will be deducted for incorrect and poor presentation. Of particular importance is that the official College title page is to be used, and that the word length be indicated.

2. The current Student Assignment Guide is available to all students on the Moodle

site; it should be studied, both when starting out and at the beginning of each academic year as adjustments or changes may be made from time-to-time.

3. With respect to length, students are permitted to write at a length of 10% either side

of the stated length; for example, a 1000-word assignment should be within a 900-1100 word length. Students will be penalized 10% over the word limit and may be required to resubmit the assignment in terms of the stipulated word length.

4. With respect to the List of References, a specific number of references will not be

set; however, students should note the guidelines indicated for the specific assessment requirement. However, students should note that: a. Bibles (including study Bibles), basic dictionaries and devotional guides are

not regarded as academic references. b. Electronic sources should generally not number more than half the required

number of references, and should be used with caution.

5. The failure to adhere to the stipulated assessment format requirements will be penalized as follows:

a. Body of assignment: i. 1st level – 1% ii. 2nd and subsequent levels – 2% b. List of References and referencing: i. 1st level – 1% ii. 2nd and subsequent levels – 2%


Grade Criteria

Graduate Diploma and Master’s students at the advanced graduate degree 600-level should note that grades are awarded on the following criteria:

Units at advanced level build upon foundational studies. Critical issues raised by a broad range of contemporary scholars are introduced and evaluated; primary sources are analysed in depth; and the critical and evaluative faculties of the students are developed in dialogue with scholarly literature.

Pass ✓ Demonstrates ability in engaging the primary sources, is beginning to understand

their setting and historical context. ✓ Evidences a grasp of the foundational features of the discipline. ✓ Demonstrates emerging skills in the task of critically evaluating a range of scholarly

viewpoints.

Credit ✓ Demonstrates pronounced ability in engaging primary sources and understands their

setting and historical context. ✓ Evidences a sound grasp of the foundational features of the discipline. ✓ Shows an ability to evaluate critically a range of scholarly viewpoints with empathy.

Distinction ✓ Demonstrates pronounced ability in the analysis of primary sources and understands

their setting and historical context. ✓ Evidences a confident grasp of the foundational features of the discipline. ✓ Exhibits an ability to evaluate and assess empathetically a range of scholarly

viewpoints that suggests the emergence of independent thinking and research skills required at early postgraduate level.

High Distinction ✓ Demonstrates superior ability in the analysis and critique of primary sources and

ideas and understands their setting and historical context. ✓ Evidences a confident grasp of the foundational features of the discipline. ✓ Exhibits superior ability in assessing and reporting on a range of scholarly viewpoints

empathetically that exhibits the emergence of independent thinking and research skills required at early postgraduate level.


ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS

Requirement 1: Two formally prepared and formally graded translations from Romans (2 x 20% = 40%)

You are to prepare two written translations, with translation notes, to be formally submitted on the dates specified below:

Romans 2:1-11 (for submission on Wednesday 14 March 2018)

Romans 6:1-14 (for submission on Wednesday 2 May 2018)

The key assessment criteria for this requirement are as follows:

1. The student gives evidence of careful preparation.

2. The student provides an accurate and elegant English translation of the assigned passage.

3. The student offers accurate and pertinent comment on syntax and significant grammatical constructions.

4. Where appropriate, the student is able to discuss various translation options and to justify a particular translation choice.

Length: Not applicable (notional value of 1200 words each) References: Not generally applicable, unless you want to refer specifically to a resource you

found helpful in preparing your translation Due: Romans 2:1-11 – Wednesday 14 March 2018

Romans 6:1-14 – Wednesday 2 May 2018 Please submit electronically via Moodle – please submit Word documents and for the Greek

use either Unicode or the Teknia Greek font Mark allocation: Each submission is valued at 20%


Requirement 2: Weekly participation in class (10%)

In Weeks 4-13 inclusive (including Weeks 5 and 10, when the formal translations for Requirement 1 are due), students present their own prepared translations from the assigned portion of the Greek text of Romans in class, comment on syntax and significant grammatical constructions, and provide rationale for translation choices.


1. The student gives evidence of careful preparation.

2. The student provides an accurate and elegant English translation of the assigned passage.

3. The student offers accurate and pertinent comment on syntax and significant grammatical constructions.

4. Where appropriate, the student is able to discuss various translation options and to justify a particular translation choice.

Length: Not applicable References: Not generally applicable, unless you want to refer specifically to a resource or

resources you found helpful in preparing your translation Due: Weekly, as per the Schedule of Lectures on page 7 above, and as requested by the

lecturer in the class Mark allocation: 10%


Requirement 3: Major essay on a key concept OR text in Romans (3000 words, 50%)

Write a detailed exegetical essay on ONE of the following concepts OR ONE of the following texts in Romans. Regardless of which option you choose:

• Make sure that you take the context of the Letter to the Romans as a whole into account;

• Please bear in mind the “application” facet of the Learning Outcomes (Section C) on page 4 above, the following in particular: 1. “Exegete the Greek text of Romans for personal understanding and for use in ministry contexts”; and 3. “Apply the teaching of Romans to situations and issues in contemporary Christianity and society”. I will expect to see explicit discussion on how you would preach or teach your material to 21st century Australians.

CONCEPTS (one of the following):

Ἀβραάμ

δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ

δικαιόω, δικαίωσις, δικαίωμα, and δίκαιος

εἷς and πολλοί

ἔργον and ἐργάζομαι

ἐφ’ ᾧ in Rom 5:12

ἱλαστήριον and ἀπολύτρωσις

λογίζομαι

μὴ γένοιτο

ὁ Ἰουδαῖος / οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι and τὰ ἔθνη

περιτομή and ἀκροβυστία

πίστεως Ίησοῦ [Χριστοῦ] in Rom 3:22, 26

πίστις and πιστεύω

πνεῦμα

σάρξ

χάρις

OR TEXTS (one of the following):

Rom 1:1-7; Rom 1:16-17; Rom 2:12-16; Rom 2:25-29; Rom 3:21-26; the purpose of the Abraham illustration in Rom 4; Rom 5:1-5; Rom 5:12-21; Rom 6:1-4; Rom 6:5-11; the identity of the “I” in Rom 7:7-25; Rom 8:12-17; Rom 8:18-25.



1. Topic: the student understands what the topic requires, and remains focussed on the exegetical foundations of the chosen concept or text.

2. Primary Source Research: the student demonstrates a thorough engagement with and careful analysis of pertinent portions of the primary source (that is, the Greek text of Romans); all references to the text are quoted in Greek.

3. Secondary Source Research: the student demonstrates familiarity with a range of scholarly viewpoints on the chosen concept or text, reports these viewpoints empathetically, and evaluates them critically.

4. Argument: the student constructs a logical, clear and well-organised argument, documents each stage of the argument thoroughly from both primary and secondary sources, and reaches well-substantiated conclusions; the argument demonstrates a grasp of the foundational features of New Testament exegesis as a discipline.

5. Implications: The student pays due attention to the “application” facet of the Learning Outcomes (Section C) on page 4 above, the following in particular: 1. “Exegete the Greek text of Romans for personal understanding and for use in ministry contexts”; and 3. “Apply the teaching of Romans to situations and issues in contemporary Christianity and society”.

6. List of references: The list of references is indicative of appropriate research.

7. Presentation: Requirements for the writing of assignments have been adhered to. These requirements include the overall quality of the typescript, formatting, documentation, writing style and expression, grammar, spelling, and proper title page.

Length: 3000 words

References: In addition to the Greek text of the Romans, at least 10 good references Due: Friday 1 June 2018 by electronic submission on Moodle – please submit Word

documents and for the Greek use either Unicode or the Teknia Greek font Mark allocation: 50%


UNIT CONTRIBUTION TO GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES

Developing Christians of Influence

“Then I will give you shepherds after my own heart, who will lead you with knowledge and understanding.”

(Jeremiah 3:15)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Graduate Attribute 1: Personal Maturity – ‘Shepherds with God’s heart’

a. grows a deepening relationship with Jesus ✓

b. is secure in God’s call with a desire and ability to learn and grow ✓

c. is self-aware and maintains self-care ✓

d. seeks and builds healthy relationships ✓

e. is committed to living with integrity and prayerful dependence on God ✓

Graduate Attribute 2: Theological Maturity – ‘Knowledge and understanding of God’s heart’

a. knows and trusts the Bible

✓

b. understands the context of diverse theological ideas

✓

c. forms a personal theology which is both biblical and thoughtful

✓

d. reflects theologically and applies the Bible to real life

✓

e. is committed to helping others know God’s grace and truth and live God’s way

✓

Graduate Attribute 3: Ministry Maturity – ‘Knowledgeable and wise shepherds’

a. is able to have a godly influence over others

✓

b. possesses skills needed for chosen ministry path

✓

c. understands cultures and contexts and is able to minister in a range of contexts

✓

d. is able to work with and lead a team

✓

e. is committed to serving, evangelising and mentoring others

✓

1. A major thrust of this unit 2. A contribution that this unit should make 3. A possible function of this unit, but not targeted 4. An unlikely product of this unit

Note: Graduates who have not completed the curricular and non-curricular ministry aspects

of Malyon’s courses will tend to be most developed in Graduate Attribute 2.


RECOMMENDED READINGS

The list below provides you with references that relate to the unit material and topics under consideration.

General Exegesis Resources

Blomberg, Craig L, and Jennifer Foutz Markley. 2010. A Handbook of New Testament Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Bock, Darrell L, and Buist M Fanning (eds). 2006. Interpreting the New Testament Text: Introduction to the Art and Science of Exegesis. Wheaton: Crossway Books.

Fee, Gordon D. 2002. New Testament Exegesis: A Guide for Students and Pastors. 3rd edition. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.

Green, Joel B (ed). 1995. Hearing the New Testament: Strategies for Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Guthrie, George H, and J Scott Duvall. 1998. Biblical Greek Exegesis: A Graded Approach to Learning Intermediate and Advanced Greek. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.

Hayes, John H, and Carl R Holladay. 2007. Biblical Exegesis: A Beginner’s Handbook. 3rd edition. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.

Horrell, David G (ed). 1999. Social-Scientific Approaches to New Testament Interpretation. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.

Yaghjian, Lucretia B. 2006. “Writing the Biblical Essay Well (I): Rhetorics of Exegesis and Interpretation”. In Writing Theology Well: A Rhetoric for Theological and Biblical Writers. New York: Continuum.

Greek Text and Aids for Translation and Exegesis

Accordance 12 software. Originally developed for Mac, Accordance is now an excellent platform for both Mac and PC. Versions available for mobile as well. Aland, Barbara et al (eds). 2001. The Greek New Testament. 4th revised edition. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.

Aland, Kurt and Barbara Aland. 1989. The Text of the New Testament. 2nd edition. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

BibleWorks 10 software. A great product, but has been available only for Windows until very recently. A Mac Installer is being developed. In the meantime, it’s possible (but I’m not sure it’s advisable!) to run BibleWorks 10 on a Mac native (a Mac port running on custom WINE libraries), virtualized (using VirtualBox, Parallels, or VMware Fusion), or dual-boot (using Boot Camp). Unless you’re tech-savvy, my advice is to stick to running BibleWorks 10 on Windows for the time being.

Black, David Alan. 1998. It’s Still Greek To Me: An Easy-to Understand Guide to Intermediate Greek. Grand Rapids: Baker. (An accessible, helpful and often humorous approach to intermediate Greek).


Burer, Michael H, and Jeffrey E Miller. 2008. A New Reader’s Lexicon of the Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Kregel. (A sorely-needed replacement for the older work by Sakae Kubo).

Danker, Frederick William (ed). 2000. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd edition (BDAG). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (The Mercedes-Benz of Hellenistic Greek-English lexicons).

Harvey, John D. 2017. Romans. Exegetical Guide to the Greek New Testament. Nashville: B&H Academic.

Kohlenberger, John R et al (eds). 1995. The Exhaustive Concordance to the Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.

Logos Bible software. Now available in Version 7; works with Windows 7 SP1 and above, and OS X 10.10 Yosemite (or higher).

Louw, Johannes P, and Eugene A Nida (eds). 1988. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. Np: United Bible Societies.

Metzger, Bruce M 1994. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. 2nd edition. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.

Metzger, Bruce M, and Bart D Ehrman. 2005. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration. 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Omanson, Roger L. 2006. A Textual Guide to the Greek New Testament. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. (An adaptation and update of Metzger’s Textual Commentary, produced specifically with the needs of translators in mind).

Robinson, Maurice A, and Mark A House (eds). 2012. Analytical Lexicon of New Testament Greek. Revised and Updated. Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers.

Rogers, Cleon, and Cleon L Rogers. 1998. The New Linguistic and Exegetical Key to the Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. (Very helpful for bibliographical cross-references; not always so reliable on grammar and syntax).

Silva, Moisés (ed). 2014. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis. 5 volumes. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.

Wallace, Daniel B. 2000. The Basics of New Testament Syntax: An Intermediate Greek Grammar. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. (An abridgement of Dan Wallace’s Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, the next item on this list).

Wallace, Daniel B. 1996. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. (The most thorough intermediate New Testament Greek grammar).

Zerwick, Max, and Mary Grosvenor. 1981. A Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testament. Revised edition. Rome: Biblical Institute Press. (Still the best verse-by-verse analysis of the Greek New Testament).


Paul, His Letters, and His Theology

Barclay, John M G. 2015. Paul and the Gift. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. (For specific treatment of Romans, see especially Section IV, “Romans: Israel, the Gentiles, and God’s Creative Gift,” pp 449-561).

Becker, Jürgen. 1993. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.

Bruce, F F. 1977. Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Dunn, James D G. 2004. “Paul’s Theology.” In Scot McKnight and Grant R Osborne (eds). The Face of New Testament Studies: A Survey of Recent Research. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic (pp 326-348).

Dunn, James D G. 2008. The New Perspective on Paul. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Fee, Gordon D. 1994. God’s Empowering Presence: The Holy Spirit in the Letters of Paul. Peabody: Hendrickson.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. 1990. “Pauline Theology.” In Raymond E Brown et al (eds). The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. London: Geoffrey Chapman (pp 1382-1416).

Gaventa, Beverly Roberts (ed). 2013. Apocalyptic Paul: Cosmos and Anthropos in Romans 5 – 8. Waco: Baylor University Press.

Gaventa, Beverly Roberts. 2016. When in Romans: An Invitation to Linger with the Gospel according to Paul. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Gorman, Michael J. 2017. Apostle of the Crucified Lord: A Theological Introduction to Paul and His Letters. Second edition. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Gorman, Michael J. 2015. Becoming the Gospel: Paul, Participation, and Mission. The Gospel and Our Culture Series. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Haacker, Klaus. 2003. The Theology of Paul’s Letter to the Romans. New Testament Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Holland, Tom. 2004. Contours of Pauline Theology: A Radical New Survey of the Influences on Paul’s Biblical Writings. Fearn: Christian Focus Publications.

Ridderbos, H N. 1974. Paul: An Outline of His Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Roetzel, Calvin J. 2011. The Letters of Paul: Conversations in Context. 6th edition. Louisville: Westminster John Knox.

Schreiner, Thomas R. 2001. Paul, Apostle of God’s Glory in Christ: A Pauline Theology. Downers Grove: IVP Academic.

Watts, Rick. 2010. “On Israel and Salvation.” In Gerald R McDermott (ed). The Oxford Handbook of Evangelical Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press (pp 177-191).

Yinger, Kent L. 2011. The New Perspective on Paul: An Introduction. Eugene: Cascade Books.

Romans: Background, Introduction, Reception and Interpretation

Blackwell, Ben C. 2015. Reading Romans in Context: Paul and Second Temple Judaism. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.


Donfried, Karl P (ed). 2005. The Romans Debate. Revised and expanded edition. Peabody: Hendrickson.

Donfried, Karl P, and Peter Richardson (eds). 1998. Judaism and Christianity in First-Century Rome. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Dunn, James D G. 1983. “The New Perspective on Paul.” The Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 65 (1983), 95-122. Posted on Moodle.

Dunn, James D G (ed). 2003. The Cambridge Companion to St Paul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dunn, James D G. 2009. Christianity in the Making. Volume 2, Beginning from Jerusalem. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Elliott, Neil, and Mark Reasoner (eds). 2011. Documents and Images for the Study of Paul. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Esler, Philip F. 2003. Conflict and Identity in Romans: The Social Setting of Paul’s Letter. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Fisk, Bruce N. 2004. “Paul: Life and Letters.” In Scot McKnight and Grant R Osborne (eds). The Face of New Testament Studies: A Survey of Recent Research. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Gathercole, Simon, “What Did Paul Really Mean?” http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/august/13.22.html Posted on Moodle.

Greenman, Jeffrey P, and Timothy Larsen (eds). 2005. Reading Romans Through the Centuries: From the Early Church to Karl Barth. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press.

Hawthorne, Gerald F, Ralph P Martin and Daniel G Reid (eds). 1993. Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press.

Hays, Richard B. 1989. Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Horsley, Richard A (ed). 1997. Paul and Empire: Religion and Power in Roman Society. Harrisburg: Trinity Press International.

Jewett, Robert. 1986. “Following the Argument of Romans.” Word & World, 6/4 (1986), 382-389. Posted on Moodle.

Longenecker, Richard N. 2011. Introducing Romans: Critical Issues in Paul’s Most Famous Letter. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Meeks, Wayne A. 2003. The First Urban Christians: The Social World of the Apostle Paul. 2nd edition. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Moo, Douglas J. 2002. Encountering the Book of Romans: A Theological Survey. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Nanos, Mark D. 1996. The Mystery of Romans: The Jewish Context of Paul’s Letter. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Sanders, E P. 1977. Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion. London: SCM Press.

http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/august/13.22.html


Soderlund, Sven K, and N T Wright (eds). 1999. Romans and the People of God. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Stendahl, Krister. 1963 (1976). “The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West.” In Krister Stendahl. 1976. Paul Among Jews and Gentiles. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. Pages 78-96. Posted on Moodle.

Sumney, Jerry L (ed). 2012. Reading Paul’s Letter to the Romans. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.

Watson, Francis. 2001. “Not the New Perspective.” An unpublished paper delivered at the British New Testament Conference, Manchester, September 2001. Posted on Moodle.

Wedderburn, A J M. 1991. The Reasons for Romans. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.

Westfall, Cynthia Long. 2016. Paul and Gender: Reclaiming the Apostle’s Vision for Men and Women in Christ. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Westerholm, Stephen. 1997. Preface to the Study of Paul. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Westerholm, Stephen. 2004. Perspectives Old and New on Paul: The “Lutheran” Paul and His Critics. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Westerholm, Stephen. 2004. Understanding Paul: The Early Christian Worldview of the Letter to the Romans. 2nd edition. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House.

Westerholm, Stephen. 2006. “Justification by Faith is the Answer: What Is the Question?” Concordia Theological Quarterly 70 (2006), 197-217. Posted on Moodle.

Williams, Guy J. 2011. “Romans.” In Michael Lieb et al (eds). The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Posted on Moodle.

Wright, N T. 1995. “Romans and the Theology of Paul.” In David M Hay and E Elizabeth Johnson (eds). 1995. Pauline Theology. Volume 3. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. Pages 30-67. (Posted on Moodle).

Wright, N T. 2013. Paul and the Faithfulness of God. 2 volumes, 4 parts. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Wright, N T. 2013. Pauline Perspectives: Essays on Paul, 1978-2013. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Wright, N T. 2015. Paul and His Recent Interpreters. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Romans: Commentaries

Barth, Karl. 1933. The Epistle to the Romans. Trans Edwyn C Hoskyns. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Barrett, C K. 1991. The Epistle to the Romans. Black’s New Testament Commentary. Revised edition. London: A & C Black.

Bird, Michael F. 2016. Romans. The Story of God Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.


Bray, Gerald (ed). 1998. Romans. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament, Vol VI. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press.

Calvin, John. 1960. The Epistles of Paul to the Romans and Thessalonians. Calvin’s New Testament Commentaries. Trans R Mackenzie. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Cranfield, C E B. 1975, 1979. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. International Critical Commentary. 2 vols. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.

Dunn, James D G. 1988. Romans 1-8. Word Biblical Commentary. Vol 38A, Nashville: Thomas Nelson.

Dunn, James D G. 1988. Romans 9-16. Word Biblical Commentary. Vol 38B. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. 1993. Romans: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Bible. Vol 33. New York: Doubleday.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. 1990. “The Letter to the Romans.” In Raymond E Brown et al (eds). The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. London: Geoffrey Chapman (pp 830-868).

Holland, Tom. 2011. Romans, The Divine Marriage: A Biblical Theological Commentary. Eugene: Pickwick Publications.

Hultgren, Arland J. 2011. Paul’s Letter to the Romans: A Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Longenecker, Richard N. 2016. The Epistle to the Romans. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Luther, Martin. 1961. Luther: Lectures on Romans. Vol XV. The Library of Christian Classics. Trans and ed Wilhelm Pauck. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press.

Moo, Douglas J. 1996. The Epistle to the Romans. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Morris, Leon. 1988. The Epistle to the Romans. The Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Nygren, Anders. 1952. Commentary on Romans. Trans Carl C Rasmussen. London: SCM Press.

Sanday, William, and Arthur C Headlam. 1902. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. 5th edition. International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T & T Clark. [Still worth consulting, despite its age!]

Schreiner, Thomas R. 1998. Romans. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Seifrid, Mark A. 2007. “Romans.” In G K Beale and D A Carson (eds). Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker (pp 607-694).

Stendahl, Krister. 1995. Final Account: Paul’s Letter to the Romans. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Talbert, Charles H. 2002. Romans. Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary. Macon: Smyth & Helwys.


Witherington, Ben III. 2004. Paul’s Letter to the Romans: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.


ACT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Key Policies

Students should take note of the following ACT policies: 1. Unit Moderation Policy. 2. Academic Misconduct Policy. 3. Academic Appeals Policy.

Accessing Documents

These and other policy documents are publically available in the following handbooks, through links on ACT’s home page (www.actheology.edu.au): 1. Undergraduate Handbook. 2. Postgraduate Handbook. 3. Student Policy Handbook. 4. International Student Handbook. 5. Distance Education Handbook. These should be read in conjunction with the ‘Recent Updates’ link found on the ACT website.

http://www.actheology.edu.au/