nyx, a noctournal – 8: skin

8/11/2019 Nyx, a noctournal 8: Skin

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sngl

gssuk 8 sprglm-subbkr 3?41


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sngl

gssuk 8 sprglm-subbkr 3?41


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Ajltklts

Ajvkr Gbdmk6 Uk @kdturk (Gsdckiik) cy DIGAK ]HGK

[ltgtike Gbdmk cy DIKQQDLESJ SG_DLK p. 5

Kegtjrgdicy FE DWIJS p. ;

Dats j Kstrdlmkbklt6 Skdeglm thk _sjrgdtga-Qnglcy SGQH BAGMHK, wgth gbdmks cy JBBJJSK pp. 0-4;

Qupkr 8cy HKEG KI NHJIG pp. 40-3;

Ljrthubcrgdl _syahj. Gltkrvgkw wgth QK]DS HJBKcy LGAHJIDQ MIKEHGII, wgthgbdmks cy _D[I QDXX Q_SDMK pp. 30-17

Kdtglm Qngls6 _dpkr, Gln & @iksh gl 0 ajurskscy SDAG NKIIW pp. 5?-57

Ignk @daks Qkkl gl Erkdbs cy DIGQDGS ADS]SGMH pp. ;?-;;

Ujsk drklt by pdrkltscy JB BJSGBKS pp. ;0-;8

Klajultkrglm thk sngls j Cidan QwdldleUk Qngl G Igvk Glcy NDHIKKL QAJ, wgth gbdmkscy MKGQK BDSGFD NGLAGLDGWK pp. ;7-=4


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Cktwkkl Egdikatgas dle Ekajlstruatgjl. Gltkrvgkw wgthADHKSGLK BDIDCJ[ cy BDSNSDGLKW, wgth gbdmks cy KBGIW Q_KKE pp. =3-84

rdlsbdsauiglgtgkscy @GLL FDANQJL CDIIDSE, wgth deegtgjldi gbdmk cy IGV SJQKL@KIE pp. 83-71

N Erdws d _iubcy BGSD BDDS, wgth gbdmks cy SKCKAAD @JQKS pp. 75-4?3

Ckduty Bdrnke cy MKBBD _DSNKS p. 4?1

Igmhtlglm @ijwkrscy MG[IGD BJS[AAHGJ & BDSD B[QAHGKG pp. 4?5-4?0

D Ajlvkrsdtgjl wgth @kekrgaj Adbpdmldcy NKvGL ]. BJIGL, wgth gbdmks cy DIGAK]HGK pp. 4?=-44=

]jrnglm jl Qngl cy _HGI QD]EJL pp. 448-447

Qjbkjlks Diwdys Bgssglm Qjbkwhkrkcy GLMK HJJLK pp. 43?-435

Uk Ajbbjl Qngl - D phdltdsbdtga gbdmk gl psyahjdldiysgscy LDEGLK HDSBDLL pp. 43;-437

Qnglmrdphscy QIDPD BJM[GL dle CSGDL NKLLW Q[_KSB pp. 41?-41;

dttjj Pgrus6 DGEQ Skprkskltdtgjl jl thk Qngl cy SGAHDSE QD]EJL QBGH pp. 410-450

Pgsgcik [lskklcy SKMGLD DM[ pp. 45=-4;5


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Gbdmk cyDIKQQDLESJ SG_DLK

_jrtjigj6 http6//dikssdlerjrgpdlk.ajb


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;

Uk pjkt @kekrgaj Mdragd Ijrad jlak wrjtk thdt jliy bystkry bdnks us igvk.

Qtrdlmk thkl thdt, jr d lkjigckrdi krd ektkrbglke tj pklktrdtk dle ajbbkragdiiy rkaupkrdtk kvkry jutsgek zjlk,

sjbkthglm sj aijsk tj thk cjlk ds sngl, thdt hypkrsklsjry cjrekr cktwkkl ski dle thk wjrie, rkbdgls suuske wgth bystkry.

Uk sngl, ignk thk bgle, lkvkr prksklts gtski ds d cidln adlvds. @rjb thk jutskt gt gs ektkrbglke cy kxtkrldi gekltgty

bdrnkrs ignk mklekr jr rdak. Gt gs egsagpiglke cy shgglm sjagdi ekffllgtgjls j hkdith jr ckduty> gt gs aijthke, bdrnke jr

pgkrake, sucfkatke tj vdrgjus rkmgbks j hymgklk. Qngl gs thk bjst ucgqugtjus sgmlgfflkr j ski-ds-jcfkat. Wkt sngl gs disj thkgltkrdak j hubdl kbcjegbklt, thk sklsjry klvkijpk j jur ajbjrt dle gekltgty, ekffllglm pikdsurks dle pdgls wgthgl thk

wjrie. Ugs trjuciksjbk, prjtkatgvk dle ulstdcik kxpdlsk gs d ajltgludi tkxturk j ajlffigat, ajbpkiiglm tj tjuah.

@jr gts kgmhth gssuk, Lyx, d Ljatjurldi adiike jl thkjrgsts dle drtgsts tj glvkstgmdtk Qngl. ]k prksklt d skrgks j lkw wjrn

tdaniglm skxudigty, mklekr, dkat, pjrljmrdphy, ijvk, ski, thk kmj dle thk jthkr, ds wkii ds bjrk thdt sigps adtkmjrgsdtgjl. ]k

gltkrvgkw thk wrgtkr Qtkwdrt Hjbk, dle thk phgijsjphkr Adthkrglk Bdidcju, jl sngl, thkjrgsk gts vdrgjus jrbs, dle adp-

turk gts migbpsks gl fflatgjl, phjtjmrdphy, dle giiustrdtgjl.

Lyx, d Ljatjurldi gs d pkkr-rkvgkwke prglt/jliglk fjurldi j drt, pjigtgas dle argtgadi thkjry. Gt gs kegtke dle prjeuake cy

rkskdrahkrs aiustkrke drjule thk Akltrk jr Auiturdi Qtuegks, Mjiesbgths, Ijlejl. @urthkr wjrn wgii ck pucigshke jliglk dt

lyxljatjurldi.jrm, ds wkii ds thk adii jr ajltrgcutgjls tj jur lkxt gssuk.

]k hjpk yju klfjy thgs cjey j wjrn, dle mgvk spkagdi thdlns tj dii jur ajltrgcutjrs dle kvkryjlk whj hds hkipke put

thgs gssuk tjmkthkr.

FE dyijr, Qprglm 3?41.

Kegtjrgdi


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G db ajltgludiiy surprgske cy thk dats j kstrdlmk-

bklt gl whgah by cjey klmdmks. Dii cjegks ej thgs tj sjbk

kxtklt iulms crkdthk, hkdrts ckdt dle sj jl, cut wgth

psjrgdsgs, whgah by drtgaik gs ajlakrlke wgth, thksk

prjakssks drk hgmhiy vgsgcik. Ds d ajlegtgjl j thk sngl, gt

gs d pdthjijmy whgah gs kldatke cjth wgthgl dle wgthjut,

vgsgcik tj thk sjagdi wjrie ds wkii ds kbkrmglm rjb sjbk igttik

ulekrstjje glffidbbdtjry sjurak wgthgl thk cjey. Ugs drtg-

aik wgii ulekrtdnk d phkljbkljijmgadi kxpijrdtgjl j by jwl

sngl dle hjw by kxpkrgklak j by cjey gs dkatke cy gts idan j

ajbpigdlak wgth bkegaglk dle ajsbktgas. Cy sjbk ulnljwl

adusdtgjl gt ffidnks, crkdns, gtahks ajlstdltiy, erdwglm dttkltgjl

tj cjegiy igbgts dle thk igbgts j bkegadi nljwikemk. G wdlt tj

thgln thrjumh thk bkdlglms wk dsargck tj suah glffidbbdtjryajlegtgjls gl ]kstkrl sjagkty, hjw by sngl bdtkrgdigsks dt thk

lkxus j gleustrgdigsdtgjl, bkegaglk, aidss dle adpgtdi.

Ugs glvkstgmdtgjl wgii kbkrmk dt thk igbgt pjglt, thk thgl

sngl cktwkkl thk sucfkatgvk dle jcfkatgvk, jcskrvglm dle thk-

jrgsglm by sngl gl wdys whgah egssjivk egsagpigldry cjuled-

rgks, tj ajbprkhkle thk auiturdi, cgjijmgadi dle klvgrjlbkl-

tdi jraks thdt wjrn upjl by cjey, kstrdlmglm gt rjb bk.

* * *

Uk sngl gs thk idrmkst sklsjry jrmdl6 d ajbpdrdtgvkiy vdst

cjuledry cktwkkl cjey dle wjrie whgah puts thk cjey gl

tjuah wgth thk wjrie ds wkii ds puttglm thk cjey gl tjuah wgth

gtski. Gt kkis dle ajbbulgadtks d buitgtuek j sklsdtgjls6

pdgl, pikdsurk, gtah, curl, shgvkr dle sj jl. Qtkvkl Ajlljr,

erdwglm jl Bgahki Qkrrks, vgkws sngl ljt bkrkiy ds d surdak,

cut ds d bgigku6 d bkktglm pjglt whkrk wjrie dle cjey tjuah,ekffllglm thkgr ajbbjl cjrekr.4 Uk sngl gs cjth physgjijmg-

adi d sklsjry dppdrdtus dle gbdmgldry6 d ajltdglglm cjr-

ekr whgah ekbdradtks gllkr dle jutkr, G dle yju. Gl thgs

wdy, wk hdvk cjth dl gllkr dle dl jutkr sngl dl jutkr sngl

j thk cjey dle dl gllkr jlk j thk bgle, dl gbdmgldry ajl-

tdglkr jr ski jje jr sngl kmj, ds Egegkr Dlzgku eksargcks.3

Qngl gs disj jpkl tj bjeuidtgjl, tj pjrjuslkss, dle tj pd-thjijmgks, dle thksk pdthjijmgks drk jkl rkde ds rkidtke tj

sjbk egsturcdlak j thk bgle, thk gllkr sngl dkatglm gts

jutkr adrdpdak.

]hgik thk klejmkljus pjrjuslkss j sngl ajbpigadtks

thk physgjijmgadi cjuledry cktwkkl gllkr dle jutkr, pd-

thjijmgks j thk sngl kbphdsgsk thgs. Uk psjrgdtgas sngl gs

dl dlgbdtke cjuledry, ajlstdltiy crglmglm tj ajlsagjus-

lkss thk digkl-lkss wgthgl jlks jwl cjey. Dt dly mgvklbjbklt d bgljr sardtah jr pgbpik adl jvkrwhkib thk sngl

Dats j Kstrdlmkbklt6Skdeglm thk _sjrgdtga-Qngl

cy SGQH BAGMHKwgth gbdmks cy JB BJJSK


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Bgrd, Erkdbglmj` Wju Erkdbglm


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Ijst gl Busga


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drjule gt dle ckajbk dl gtahy, sadiy pidquk, thk dbkigj-

rdtgjl j whgah tdnks dr gl kxakss j thk tgbk gt tjjn tj

jrb. G hdvk pdtahks jl by nlkk, sbdii rke spjts whgah

drk egfiauit tj bdldmk, g ljt gltrdatdcik. Dt thk cdsk j

by spglk6 dl gltrdatdcik pidquk. By kicjws hdvk sgbgidriy

gltrdatdcik, thgan, sadiy pdtahks. Kgthkr sgek j thk crgemk

j by ljsk drk pdtahks whgah drk cdrkiy ajltrjiike wgth

gbbuljsupprkssdlt mki. Ckadusk thgs gs dl dutjgbbulkajlegtgjl, gt bdlgksts jl thk surdak j thk sngl, cut disj

kbkrmks rjb sjbk digkl skt j ahkbgadi rkdatgjls dle

lkrvk rkspjlsks wgthgl by cjey. Dii suah ahrjlga sngl

ajlegtgjls rkvkdi thk igbgts j thk cjey6 thky ajlstdltiy

erdw jlks dttkltgjl tj thk surdaks j cjey, d sngl thdt jlk

adlljt ck uiiy dt hjbk gl. Ds Grgs Bdrgjl Wjulm ljtks,

cjegiy dwdrklkss jkl ajults ds kstrdlmkbklt dle egs-

ruptgjl.1 _sjrgdsgs ekbdles dttkltgjl, prjeuaks egsajb-jrt. Gt bdrns sngl jut ds kxgstglm (jr ajbglm tj ck) dt d

lkxus j bdly wjries dle egsajursks65bkegaglk, dksthkt-

gas, kajljbgas, dle pjglts tj thk igbgts j thksk egsajursks

gl thk dak j ajbpikx cgjijmgadi prjakssks.

Kvkl thk bkegadi prjkssgjldis whj drk qudigfflke tj

trdlsidtk thk cjey adlljt uiiy dthjb psjrgdsgs. Skvkdiglm

thk igbgts j bkegadi nljwikemk, gt rkbdgls jliy pdrtgdiiy

trdlsidtke, dle jr thk pkrsjl whj jwls/kxpkrgklaks/igvks

wgthgl thdt sngl, idrmkiy jrkgml. _sjrgdsgs, rjb d bkegadi

pkrspkatgvk, gs d aurgjus bgxturk j thk ulnljwl dle thk

nljwl. Uk pdthjmklksgs j thk ajlegtgjl gs dl ulnljwl,

cut bjrk gs nljwl dcjut gts pdthjphysgjijmy thdl dly jth-

kr sngl ajlegtgjl.;Gt dkats drjule 3% j thk pjpuidtgjl gl

thk [QD dle [N dle glvjivks d hypkrprjigkrdtgjl j thk

kpgekrbgs.0

Uk akii ayaik thk tgbk gt tdnks jr lkw akiis tjck mrjwl tj rkpidak ekde sngls akiis gs skvkrkiy shjrtklke.

Uk ljrbdi tgbk pkrgje jr thgs ayaik gs 3= edys. Gl psj-

rgdsgs gt gs rkeuake tj jur.=rdubd tj thk sngl bdy gleuak

psjrgdtga rkdatgjls, kvkl thk rjutglk trdubd j aijthglm jl

nlkks, kicjws, ffllmkrldgis, mklgtdis.8G wk lkke d ldrrdtgvk tj

rkde thgs datgvgty thkl gt bdy ijjn ds jiijws6 thk lkrvks gl

thk sngl prjvgek gljrbdtgjl tj thk crdgl thdt thk kpgekrbgs

gs ulekr thrkdt dle thdt thrkdt gs dr mrkdtkr thdl gt datu-

diiy gs. Uk gbbulk systkb rkspjles cy prjeuaglm hkdiglmekklaks6 bjrk sngl akiis. Udt whgah gs bkdlt tj prjtkat us

rjb thk wjrie ckajbks thk egskdsk gl gtski, ds gs sj jkl

thk adsk wgth suah dutj-gbbulk ajlegtgjls. Uk rjjt adusk

j thgs gbbulk pdrdljgda jvkr-rkdatgjl rkbdgls dl klgmbd,

dle thgs puzziglm sngl ajlegtgjl prjvjnks d buitgtuek j

ldrrdtgvks6 gts prjigkrdtgjl j ulnljwls sjbkhjw ekbdle

thdt sklsk ck bdek j gt.

]hgik thk rjjt adusk j thk ajlegtgjl gs ulnljwdcik, jlkadlljt hkip dttkbptglm tj egsakrl d pdttkrl, kvkl rjb sur-

dak kkats dijlk. Uk jrkgmllkss j psjrgdsgs-sngl gs ikss-

klke sjbkwhdt cy twj kikbklts j thk ajlegtgjl6 pdttkrl

dle sybbktry. Gt gs d kdturk j thk ajlegtgjl thdt jutcrkdns

gl thk jrb j pidquks jr rdshks tkle tj ck dibjst sybbkt-

rgadi darjss thk cjey. ]hdtkvkr hdppkls jl thk ik hdppkls

disj jl thk rgmht. G hdvk dl dibjst gekltgadi skt j pdtahks jl

cjth hgps. Dibjst gekltgadi spjttglm jl cjth nlkks. Bdtah-

glm cuttkrffiy pdttkrls jl kgthkr sgek j by ljsk. Ukrk drk

j ajursk kxakptgjls tj thgs, cut jl thk whjik gt jiijws thgs

pdttkrl. Ds wkii ds thgs, thk dat thdt thgs gs d ahrjlga ajleg-

tgjl aikdrglm pidquks adl tdnk wkkns, bjlths kvkl, dle

bjst j by pidquks drk ckglm bdgltdglke dle bdldmke

rdthkr thdl rkbjvke kltgrkiy bkdls thdt thk cikbgshks

ckajbks d dbgigdr kdturk j thk tkrrdgl j by sngl. G ajuiebdp thkb, dle gl jlk sklsk thky bdp bk, thky drk ekffllglm

Uk psjrgdtgas sngl gs dl dlgbdtke cjuledry, ajlstdltiy crglmglm tj ajlsagjuslkss thk digkl-lkss wgthgl jlks jwl cjey. Dt dly mgvkl bjbklt d bgljr sardtah jr pgbpik adl jvkrwhkibthk sngl drjule gt


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tjpjmrdphgadi kdturks j by sngl, wgth thk rksuit thdt thk

strdlmklkss j by jwl sngl gs gts bjst dbgigdr dspkat. Wkt

kvkl wgth kikbklts j pdttkrlglm, sybbktry, gt stgii rkbdgls

d egsruptgvk jrak. Gt gs d pdrdejxgadi ajlfulatgjl j jrekr

dle ahdjs. D surdak jrekr ajupike wgth d skkbglmiy ul-

nljwdcik dle thkrkjrk ahdjtga gltkrgjr.

]hkl bkegadi sagklak prjvks uldcik tj trdlsidtk pd-

thjijmgks gltj sjbk ajbprkhklsgcik ldrrdtgvk j adusk dle

kkat, wk jkl turl tj thk bgle, dle hjie bkltdi stdtks rk-

spjlsgcik. Uk duthjr Ekllgs _jttkr, whj sukrke rjb d

skvkrk jrb j thk egskdsk, ajbbkltke jl gts fflrst bdlgks-

tdtgjl gl hgs cjey6

Gl whdt G ljw skk ds d bystkrgjus dat j mrdak, G hde

whdt bust ck d vkrsgjl j thk bgeeik ajursk ahjskl jr

bk, dle vkry sjjl dkr ajbglm ejwl rjb Lkw Aji-

ikmk, G ffllgshke up gl hjspgtdi sadrakiy dcik tj bjvk. Dl

kltrjpy j thk spgrgt, G suppjsk, bdlgkst gl thk swjiikl

rgmgegtgks j kdah igbc dle thk fflkrakiy sadieglm bjan-

kry j thkgr jutkr adsglm. Dle sj gt wds thdt bjrk thdlthgrty ykdrs dmj, dppdrkltiy strgppke j buah bjrk thdl

by sngl, G hde thk jppjrtulgty j rkdsskbciglm byski

rjb whdt G hksgtdtk tj adii sardtah. G hde thk ahdlak j

bdnglm byski up dii jvkr dmdgl.7

Gt gs sgmlgffladlt thdt _jttkr sdw gl d ajlegtgjl, gl whgah

hgs cikkeglm dle ardanke sngl wds lj ijlmkr hgs jwl, dl jp-

pjrtulgty tj rkbdnk hgbski. Uk cjey thdt ckajbks sjbk-

thglm jthkr jpkls thk ejjr jr thk pkrsjl tj ckajbk sjbk-

thglm jthkr. Gl thk adsk j _jttkr, psjrgdsgs disj sgmlgfflks thk

pjrjuslkss j thk iglk cktwkkl dutjcgjmrdphgadi truth dle

fflatgjldi ldrrdtgvk. Ignk thk duthjr, _hgigp Bdrijw, thk akl-

trdi prjtdmjlgst j _jttkrs Uk Qglmglm Ektkatgvk(crjdeadst

gl 4780), sukrs rjb thk ajlegtgjl. Hjwkvkr, thk sarkkl-

pidy wjrns tj ulekrbglk kdsy gekltgffladtgjls cktwkkl du-thjrs dle thkgr ahdrdatkrs6 Bdrijw gs d wrgtkr j ektkatgvk

ljvkis dle diis gltj d dltdsy, gl hgs kvkrke stdtk, j d ljvki

dcjut d ektkatgvk j thk sdbk ldbk, skt gl thk 471?s (thk

ahdrdatkr gs datudiiy ekrgvke rjb thk argbk thrgiikrs j Sdy-

bjle Ahdleikr, j thk sdbk tgbk). kbpjrdi cjuledrgks

dle thk igbgts cktwkkl fflatgjl dle rkdigty, dle cktwkkl thk

fflatgjldi ldrrdtgvks arkdtke cy Ahdleikr dle _jttkr, ckajbk

ds glskaurk dle ulfflxke ds Bdrijws (dle _jttkrs) jwl

ardanke dle cikkeglm adrdpdak. _sjrgdsgs pidys d rjik gl thgs

ekstdcgigsglm prjakss. Gt prkagpgtdtks thk kxpjsurk j thk jr-

kgml wgthgl thk bjst dbgigdr tkrrdgl6 thk tkxt ejks ljt ikde

us cdan dii thk wdy tj gts duthjr, dle lkgthkr, aurgjusiy, ejks

thk sngl tj gts jwlkr.]k bgmht thgln, thkl, j thk sngl ds tkxt, dl jcfkat dt

d egstdlak rjb gts pkrakgvkr dle gts duthjr, dle whgah ck-

ajbks ikmgcik dle gltkrprktdcik thrjumh vdrgjus egsajursks6

physgjijmy, psyahjijmy, dle sj jrth. Gl gts nglksgs, gt bdy

disj ck pjssgcik tj thgln sngl, spkagffladiiy psjrgdtga sngl,

thrjumh egsajursks j pkrjrbdlak dle thkdtrk. Dt fflrst

midlak, thgs gs hgmhiy prjcikbdtga, ds thk ekffllgtgjl j pkr-

jrbdlak, whgik ajltkstke, ajlsgsts j ejuciglm, j ajl-sagjuslkss j jlks datgjls, kvkl g thgs gs pidyglm d rjik gl

d sjagdi sgtudtgjl, rdthkr thdl gl d sgtk ajlvkltgjldiiy ds-

sjagdtke wgth d thkdtrgadi pkrjrbdlak.4?]k adlljt kdsgiy

adii dly cjegiy ulatgjl d pkrjrbdlak, cy thgs ekffllgtgjl.

_sjrgdsgs gs lkgthkr d egspidy j sngii, ljr d ajlsagjus eju-

ciglm j gekltgty, rkpiktk wgth thk gltkltgjl tj rkvkdi gtski

jrd spkatdtjr j sjbk sjrt. Lj bjrk thdl crkdthglm, gt gs

d butk jrak, ykt bjrk thdl crkdthglm gt gs ajgike wgthgl d

lkxus j kxtkrldi glffiuklaks, trgmmkr systkbs whgah hdvk

gl thk pdst skt thk pdttkrl j gbbulk-systkb rkspjlsk gl

bjtgjl dle gltj whgah thky drk ljw ijanke. Lkurjsagkltgst

Edvge Kdmikbdl ldbks thk physgjijmgadi dle lkurjijmgadi

sucrjutglks tj whgah wk hdvk lj daakss dle j whgah wk

hdvk lj daqudgltdlak ds zjbcgk systkbs.44 Wkt psjrgdsgs

gs aikdriy d pdthjijmgadi rdthkr thdl ljrbdi prjakss gl thksngl. Adl wk sdy thdt, ignk Kdmikbdls zjbcgk systkbs, by


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sngl pkrjrbs, dt ikdst gl d ulatgjldi wdy: Gt akrtdgliy ek-

vgdtks rjb gts rkmuidr ulatgjlglm, bdnglm gts ulatgjlglm

(jr egs-ulatgjldigty) vgsgcik. Uksk dradlk, kxakssgvk dle

pdrdljge wjrnglms j by gbbulk systkb pidy jut upjl

thk surdak j by cjey ykt, ds gl Fuegth Cutikrs ekffllgtgjl

j thk pkrjrbdtgvk, thkrk gs lj ejkr ckhgle thk ekke.43 G

hdvk lj ajltrji jvkr gt> gt dats, ds g j gts jwl daajre. G, dlethjsk drjule bk, drk spkatdtjrs jr thk shjw thdt gs by

cjey. @ulatgjlglm gl thgs wdy, by sngl skkbs tj egsjcky thk

cjuledry cktwkkl pkrjrbdlak dle rkdigty. Dle whgik jlk

bgmht ljt ck dcik tj sdy thdt thgs kxpjsurk j butk jrak

gl by cjey gs d pkrjrbdlak jr drt kxdatiy, jlk adl fflle

bdly kxdbpiks j pkrjrbdlak drt kxpijrglm kxdatiy thgs

gekd. @jr glstdlak, pdrt j pkrjrbdlak drtgst Bdrgld Dcrd-

bjvgas 47=5 Shythb 3glvjivks hkr ckajbglm ulajlsagjus.Uk pkrjrbdlak rkbdgls d pkrjrbdlak, kvkl thjumh gt gs

pushke tj thk vkry igbgts j thk ekffllgtgjl j thk wjre. _kr-

hdps by nglktga, glffidbbdtjry sngl disj ekbdles d rkthgln

j thk tkrb.

Hjwkvkr, ulignk thk pkrjrbdlak drtgst whj gs thk

prgbk bjvkr j hkr jwl spkatdaik, psjrgdsgs bkdls thdt by

cjey gs lkvkr tjtdiiy by dksthktga surdak, kvkl thjumh G

bdy rkde gt ds dl dksthktga surdak. Gt gs ulignk disj thk typks

j pkrjrbdlak drt whgah utgigsk thk cjey ds dksthktga bd-

tkrgdi, wgth sngl ds adlvds dle ffiuges ds pdglt. Dl dksthktga

rkaidbdtgjl j thk cjey thrjumh prdatgaks suah ds cjey

bjegffladtgjl gs ljt pjssgcik jr bk. G adl lkvkr tdttjj by

sngl, ds crkdns gl thk sngl adl trgmmkr ffidrk-ups. Dttkbpts dt

pgkraglm by sngl hdvk dgike gl dibjst dii adsks, ds by gb-

bulk systkb jvkrrkdats tj thksk jrkgml jcfkats. Dly ekigc-krdtk ajlvkrsgjl j by sngl whgah, ds _dtrgagd BdaAjrbdan

puts gt, arkdtks d lkw surdak j thk cjey ds tkxt, 41 gs ljt

pjssgcik jr bk. Glstkde G wdtah by sngl ckglm wrgttkl jr

bk. G db lj bjrk thdl d rkdekr, egstdlt rjb thk duthjr j

thgs spkatdaik6 d spkatdtjr rjb darjss thk ahdsb j thk prj-

saklgub drah j kpgekrbdi hypkrpidsgd, pdrdnkrdtjsgs dle

spjlmgjrb pustuiks.45

Ugs sklsk j digkldtgjl gs dumbkltke cy rkaklt bgarj-cgjijmgadi rkskdrah whgah hds summkstke thdt pdrt j whdt

adusks thksk dutj-gbbulk ajlegtgjls gs egsruptgjl tj jur

bgarjcgjbk, thk ulgquk skt j cdatkrgd thdt igvk upjl dle

wgthgl jur cjegks. Uk rkskdrah j Bdrtgl Cidskr, d prjks-

sjr j bgarjcgjijmy dt LW[, jausks jl thk gekd thdt cdatk-

rgd prjvgek d ulgquk auiturk, d ulgquk cdidlak jlk whgah

gs egsruptke cy akrtdgl bkegadi gltkrvkltgjls. @jr kxdbpik,

Cidskr ckigkvks thdt thk stjbdah cdatkrgd H-pyijrg, d cda-tkrgd ijlm dssjagdtke wgth adlakr dle uiakrs dle thkrkjrk

rkbjvke wgth dltgcgjtgas, bdy disj hdvk d pjsgtgvk rjik tj

pidy gl thk cjey.4; Gl jthkr wjres, thk rkbjvdi j akrtdgl

cdatkrgd bdy hdrb thk cjey gl jthkr wdys. Jlks gltkrldi,

gltkstgldi bgarjcgjbk bdy ck egsruptke disj buah j thk

cidbk bdy igk wgth thk igckrdi usk j dltgcgjtgas, jr wgth

sumdr-rgah egkts j hgmhiy prjaksske jje. Mkrbs bdnk us

gii, Cidskr hds sdge, ykt wgthjut thkb wk wjuie ljt survgvk,40

dle thk (sjbktgbks lkakssdry) gbpuisk tj rge jurskivks j

thkb ulcdidlaks thk whjik systkb. Qagkltgsts drk aurrkltiy

kxpkrgbkltglm wgth thk sjbkwhdt kxtrkbk prdatgak j rk-

stjrglm hkdithy mut cdatkrgd thrjumh stjji trdlspidlts. Wkt

bjrk drk stueyglm thk kkats j pdrdsgtks whgah dat upjl

thk gbbulk systkb ds rkmuidtjry dmklts. Uk sj-adiike

jie rgkles hypjthksgs akltrks jl thk gekd thdt thk hubdlgbbulk systkb adlljt rkmuidtk gtski dekqudtkiy wgthjut

Dle sj gt wds thdt bjrk thdl thgrty ykdrs dmj, dppdrkltiy strgppke j buah bjrk thdl bysngl, G hde thk jppjrtulgty j rkdsskbciglm byski rjb whdt G hksgtdtk tj adii sardtah. G hde thkahdlak j bdnglm byski up dii jvkr dmdgl.


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Fdan Uk HdtBaPgtgk


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kxpjsurk tj akrtdgl pdthjmkls dle thkrk hds ckkl gl thk

idst ekadek sjbk suaakss (thjumh hubdl trgdis hdvk ckkl

igbgtke gl lubckr) gl trkdtglm pdtgklts wgth glffidbbdtjry

cjwki egskdsk wgth d spkagffla typk j mut pdrdsgtk nljwl ds

hkibglth.4=

Ajllkatgjls cktwkkl psjrgdsgs dle cdatkrgdi jr ulmdi

glkatgjls hdvk ckkl ljtke gl bkegadi igtkrdturk. Ugs bdyikde jlk tj suspkat thdt d rjjt adusk j psjrgdsgs, ds wgth

jthkr dutjgbbulk ajlegtgjls, bdy igk gl egsruptgjls tj thk

bgarjcgjbk. j thgln j thk ajlegtgjl gl thgs wdy, ds ergvkl

jr kxdakrcdtke cy d cdatkrgdi jr ulmdi dmklts jl thk sngl,

rkvkdis cjth thk prksklak j thgs ajbbulgty j igk jl by

sngl dle gl by mut, ds wkii ds rkvkdiglm gts egsruptgjl. Jl

thk jlk hdle, gt gs strgnglm hjw hkdithy sngl gs d jrkgml tkr-

rgtjry> gt tkkbs wgth glvgsgcik cdatkrgd. Jl thk jthkr, thk gekdthdt hkdithy sngl hds d ldturdi skt j cdatkrgd d cdatkrgdi

sngl thdt nkkps us hkdithy wjuie summkst thdt G hdvk sjbk-

hjw diikl jut j stkp wgth ldturk. Ugs vgkw j psjrgdsgs

wjuie skkb tj summkst thdt, igvglm gl thk sdlgtgske ekvkijpke

wjrie, G hdvk ijst sjbkthglm gbpjrtdlt. Ugs gs d ekkpiy dp-

pkdiglm ldrrdtgvk tj dlyjlk skknglm tj bdnk sklsk j dl dp-

pdrkltiy rdlejb sngl ajlegtgjl. Glekke uturk rkskdrah bdy

prjvk thksk gekds truk dle ikde tj lkw bkegadi trkdtbklts.

Hjwkvkr, whdt gs dt stdnk ckjrk thksk gekds drk prjvkl truk

gs thdt thky hdvk skrgjus gbpigadtgjls jr thk wdys gl whgah

psjrgdsgs gltkrdats wgth thk bdrnktpidak. Qjbkjlk (byski)

whj sukrs rjb d ahrjlga cut ljl-igk-thrkdtklglm ajleg-

tgjl wgii try dlythglm tj trkdt gt. Uk bdrnktglm tdatgas j

thk prjcgjtga gleustry dle thk jrmdlga bjvkbklt/gleustry

wjuie skkb tj jkr d pjtkltgdi rkstjrdtgjl rjb thk bje-krl hubdls dii rjb cdatkrgdi mrdak. ]hgik prjcgjtga jje

bdludaturkrs bdnk mrkdt aidgbs jr thkgr hkdith cklkfflts,

suah aidgbs drk rdrkiy cdanke up cy rdlejbgske ajltrjiike

trgdis. Uk tdttkrke cjuledry j thk psjrgdtga-sngl dle thk

ulnljwls thdt gt ajlakdis ikdvks gt jpkl tj thk dltdsy j

whjiklkss dle ulgty thdt suah d ldrrdtgvk prjbgsks. Uk rks-

tjrdtgjl j by glvgsgcik cdatkrgdi sngl prjbgsks tj mgvk bk

cdan thk hkdith j by vgsgcik, physgjijmgadi sngl.Gl thgs rkmdre, thkrk bdy ck igttik thdt gs spkagffla dle

ulgquk dcjut psjrgdsgs. Dl dalk sukrkr ajuie surkiy egs-

ajvkr thk sdbk gltkrajllkatgjls dle ldrrdtgvk j sngl, dks-

thktgas dle thk bdrnkt-pidak wgthgl thk tkrrdgl j hkr sngl.

Ljr ejks jlk lkke lkakssdrgiy sngl pdthjijmgks ds vkhgaiks

gl jrekr tj ck dcik tj pkrakgvk thjsk ajllkatgjls. Qjbk-

jlk wgth pkrkatiy ljrbdi, hkdithy sngl (g suah d thglm

truiy kxgsts) adl igst thkgr ckduty prjeuats, thkgr rdmrdlaks,sarucs, aikdlskrs, pjrk-tgmhtklkrs, dle ulkdrth thk sdbk

gbbkrsgjl j thkgr sngl gl thk bdrnktpidak j ckduty dle

thk dltdsy j purgty dle whjiklkss jl whgah gt trdeks. _sj-

rgdsgs hjwkvkr adiis thgs tj dttkltgjl gl vkry spkagffla wdys,

dle ekbdles thdt wk skk thk strdlmklkss dle jrkgmllkss

thdt igks dt thk hkdrt j thk mrkdt strktahke dle pjrjus kltgty

whgah ajllkats us tj thk wjrie. _sjrgdsgs rkvkdis thk jr-

kgml gl thk tkrrgtjry j thk dbgigdr, dle dly bglmiglm gl thk

bgigku j thk psjrgdsgs-sngl gs bjrk ignk d wdr, d ajie wdr

dmdglst d ljl-kxgstklt klkby, stdmke gl d spdak ckyjle thk

ijmga j adusk dle kkat dle wgthjut d hglt j ajlsagjus vj-

igtgjl6 kdah ffidnglm pdtah j kxakss jl by surdak rkvkdis d

mdp dt thk hkdrt j bk,48jlk whgah ekbdles thdt G thgln gts

ajltrdegatgjls, dle thk wdys gt rdmbklts by sklsk j ski

dle by cjegiy whjiklkss.

Jl thk jlk hdle, gt gs strgnglm hjw hkdithy sngl gs d jrkgml tkrrgtjry> gt tkkbs wgth glvgsgcikcdatkrgd. Jl thk jthkr, thk gekd thdt hkdithy sngl hds d ldturdi skt j cdatkrgd d cdatkrgdi snglthdt nkkps us hkdithy wjuie summkst thdt G hdvk sjbkhjw diikl jut j stkp wgth ldturk.


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LJKQ

4. Qtkvkl Ajlljr, Uk Cjjn j Qngl, LW6 Ajrlkii, 3??1, pp. 38-7. Qkk

disj Qkrrks, Uk @gvk Qklsks6 D _hgijsjphy j Bglmike Cjegks , Ijlejl6

Ajltgluub, 3??; (478;), p. 7=.3. Egegkr Dlzgku, Uk Qngl Kmj, trdls. Ahr gs urlkr, Lkw Hdvkl

dle Ijlejl6 Wdik [lgvkrsgty _rkss, 4787, p. 4?4.

1. Grgs Bdrgjl Wjulm, _rkmldlt Qucfkatgvgty dle thk Igbgts j

Kxgstkltgdi _hkljbkljijmy gl Eksargptgjls (Qkikatke Qtuegks gl

_hkljbkljijmy dle Kxgstkltgdi _hgijsjphy), Ejl Ghek (ke.), Lkw Wjrn6

Qtdtk [lgvkrsgty j Lkw Wjrn _rkss, pp. 3;-1; (p. 30). Qkk disj Hkrckrt

_immk Bdl dle Hgs Cjey jr d ajlsgekrdtgjl j thk cjey jcfkatgfflke

gl giilkss, gl Uk _hgijsjphy j thk Cjey6 Skfkatgjls j Adrtksgdl

Eudigsb, Qtudrt @. Qpgankr (ke.), Ahgadmj6 Tuderdlmik, 47=?.5. Ds Fkdl-Iua Ldlay puts gt, cjegks ajbk tj ck dt thk igbgt cktwkkl

sklsk dle bdttkr, egsajursk dle bdtkrgdigty. Qkk Fkdl-Iua Ldlay,

Ajrpus, trdls. S gahdre D. Sdle, Lkw Wjrn6 @jrehdb [lgvkrsgty _rkss,

3??8, p. 4=.

;. Ahdriks Adbgsd, _dthjmklksgs j _sjrgdsgs, gl Hdlecjjn j _sjrgdsgs,

ke. Ahdriks Adbgsd, [N, [QD6 Cidanwkii, 3??5, p. 5;.

0. Gcge.

=. Gcge.

8. Adbgsd, Uk Aiglgadi Pdrgdlts j _sjrgdsgs, gl Hdlecjjn j_sjrgdsgs, p. 8.

7. Ekllgs _jttkr, Qkkglm thk Cijssjb6 wj Gltkrvgkws dle d Ikaturk ,

Ijlejl6 @dckr & @dckr, 4775, pp. 57-;?.

4?. Ugs gs thk typk j crjde cut ekkpiy uskui ekffllgtgjl whgah Bdrvgl

Adrisjl puts jrwdre gl _krjrbdlak6 D Argtgadi Gltrjeuatgjl, 3le ke,

LW, Ijlejl6 Sjutikemk, 4775, pp. 5-;.

44. Edvge Kdmikbdl, Glajmlgtj6 Uk Qkarkt Igk j thk Crdgl , [N6

Adljlmdtk, 3?44, pp. 414

43. Fuegth Cutikr usks thk tkrb pkrjrbdtgvgty tj eksargck thk rkpktgtgjls

j datgvgtgks whgah ajlstgtutk ejglm mklekr dle thrjumh whgah thk

sucfkat ckajbks ikmgcik tj sjagkty, rkajmlgsdcik ds d mklekrke sucfkat.

_krjrbdlak, g ekffllke ds d ekigckrdtk dle ajlsagjus dat, adl ul bdsn jrsucvkrt pkrjrbdtgvgty. Erdm pkrjrbdlaks hjie thk pjtkltgdi, jr Cutikr,

tj rkvkdi thk pkrjrbdtgvgty j mklekr. Qkk Mklekr rjucik6 @kbglgsb

dle thk Qucvkrsgjl j Gekltgty, Lkw Wjrn dle Ijlejl6 Sjutikemk, 477?.

41. Uk Mrkdt Kphkbkrdi dttjjke Qngl, Dlmigd Susngl [lgvkrsgty

jpkl rkpjsgtjry, http6//dlmigdrusngl.jpklrkpjsgtjry.ajb/drrj/

cgtstrkdb/4?;5?/44443=/4/dttjj%3;3?Kssdy%3;3?pjst%3;3?prglt.pe

^daaksske 33 Ekakbckr 3?43R.

45. Qkk Adbgsd, Hdlecjjn j _sjrgdsgs, p. 1=.

4;. LW[ Qahjji j Bkegaglk, http6//www.bke.lyu.keu/bkegaglk/idcs/cidskridc/v4-bcrZcidskr.htbi:AQS2404487=735111315?=;3 ^daaksske

33 Ekakbckr 3?43R.

40. Tujtke gl Bgahdki Qpkatrk, Mkrbs drk [s, Uk Lkw Wjrnkr,

Jatjckr 3?43, p. 13.

4=. @krrgs Fdcr, @jr thk Mjje j thk Mut6 Adl _drdsgtga ]jrbs

rkdt Dutjgbbulk Egskdsks: Qagkltgffla Dbkrgadl3?4?, http6//www.

sagkltgffladbkrgadl.ajb/drtgaik.ab:ge2hkibglthga-thkrdpy-buaus

^daaksske 48 Ekakbckr, 3?43R

48. Bkrikdu-_jlty wrgtks j thk crkdn gl thk hkdrt j ski-gekltgty gl thkjiijwglm wdy6 Uk bjbklt pkrakptgjl ajbks by cjey kdaks gtski

ckjrk gt dle lkvkr ejks thk pkrakptgjl mrdsp thk cjey gl thk dat j

pkrakgvglm ^ . . . R thk bjbklt G tjuah by ik hdle wgth by rgmht hdle,

G ajrrkspjleglmiy akdsk tjuahglm by rgmht hdle wgth by ik hdle.

Bdurgak Bkrikdu-_jlty, Uk Pgsgcik dle thk Glvgsgcik & ]jrnglm Ljtks ,

trdls. Diphjlsj Iglmus, Giigljgs6 Ljrthwkstkrl [lgvkrsgty _rkss, 4707,

pp. 411-5.

Hdvglm ajbpiktke hkr _h.E. thksgs dt Tukkls [lgvkrsgty Ckidst gl 3??7 jl hdptgas gl thk idtkr erdbd j Qdbuki Ckanktt jr

stdmk dle sarkkl, rgsh Bagmhk gs aurrkltiy d pjst-ejatjrdi rkskdrah dssgstdlt jl thk Qtdmglm Ckanktt _rjfkat dt thk [lgvkrsgtyj Skdeglm, [N. Qhk hds pucigshke gl skvkrdi gltkrldtgjldi fjurldis jl dksthktgas, ajrpjrkdigty dle tkahljijmy gl pkrjrbdlak.


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jb Bjjrk gs d pdgltkr j ffijwkrs. Bjrk spkagffladiiy hk gs d pdgltkr j ffijwkrs whj erdws bjlstkrs> arubciglm bjlstkrs

erkdbglm thkbskivks gltj cijjb, thk rdmgigty j pjgsjls, bjlstkrs ckajbk ffijwkrs, fflrkwjrns dt thkgr bjbklt j ekdth dle

ckduty thdts diwdys dirkdey ijst. ]rgtglm dcjut hgs wjrn gs d lkakssdry cktrdydi. Uk wjres stkdi thglms rjb thk pgaturks.

Kdah pgaturk gs bdek j jthkr pgaturks, pgaturks thk drtgst ijvks, pgaturks thdt trjucik thk drtgst, hk sdys thky bdnk hgb strjlm

dle drdge. Uk wjrn gs ajiidmk gl thk trdegtgjl j Hdlldh Hah jr Iglekr Qtkriglm cut disj thdt j pjp busga, gts dl dmmrkmdtk

j ckijvke daaubuidtgjl. Hdle erdwl thkl egmgtgske bkbkltj bjrg. jb Bjjrk hds ckkl ijjnglm dt Fdl Pdl Huysub dle

arystdis.

(wrgttkl cy Hkstgd _kppk)Wju adl skk bjrk j jbs wjrn dt www.tjbbjjrk.ku

Ekakptgjl


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Qupkr 8


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cy HKEG KI NHJIG


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G db igstklglm tj @rdljgz Crkuts NB81. Ukrk gs d ijlm-

glm gl hkr vjgak. Uk sjlm gs dcjut skx dle dcdlejl, cut gl

wdys thdt drk jcigquk. wj ijvkrs skarktiy bkktglm, pkrhdps,

dle thkrks ljt buah kisk gl thk wjrie thdt ajuie sustdgl

thkb6 thk skajle vkrsk tdins dcjut thk dgiurk j urcdl pidl-

lglm. G thgln j dii thk lgmhts G erjvk dijlm thk Drrjyj Qkaj

tj Idrrys pidak. Edrnklke dle sglujus strkkts, wgth thgs

vdmuk kkiglm glsgek thdt G wds mkttglm dwdy wgth sjbkthglm,

cut whdt: Ge pdrn gl rjlt j d ahurah dle ds G wdinke tj-

wdres hgs hjusk, dlxgjus dle kdmkr, G wjuie skk thk ffigankr

j thk P thrjumh thk Pklktgdl cigles.

]hdt wds thk ldturk j thk trdlsdatgjl: G jkl kit ignkd hustikr tdnglm jutadiis. Hk diwdys glgtgdtke jur klajul-

tkrs dle thky wkrk diwdys ulkxpkatke, wgth ijlm pkrgjes

j dcsklak cktwkkl thkb, cut dt tgbks thky wkrk aiustkrke

dle whkl thdt wds thk adsk thkrk wds d pkrvkrsgvk sklsk j

rkbjrsk gl dcegadtglm jur sjvkrkgmlty jvkr sjbkthglm jvkr-

whkibglmiy deegatgvk, d eksgrk thdt rksgstke gltkrprktdtgjl.

Uk lgmht G bkt Idrry dt d ijadi Ndrdjnk cdr hk sdlm d

adtdstrjphga cut fjyui dle shdbkikss (erulnkl:) rklegtgjlj Id Cdbcd. Fust thk wdy gt shjuie ck. Idtkr thdt lgmht hk

cjumht bk d ergln dle G ik by mrjup j rgkles tj sgt wgth

hgb gl thk jutsgek pdtgj.

Hk glvgtke bk jvkr tj hgs hjusk tj skk hgs drt ajiikatgjl

cut G pjigtkiy dle rkmrktuiiy ekaiglke. D wkkn idtkr wk rdl

gltj kdah jthkr dt thk sdbk cdr dle G ik wgth hgb. ]k wklt

jl d ajupik edtks. Bdyck thkrk wds d sklsk j pjssgcgigty,

cdan thkl, thdt thgs ajuie turl gltj d rkidtgjlshgp. Cut hgs

rkusdi tj klmdmk gl dly psyahjijmy ik bk gladpdcik j kx-

prkssglm byski. Hk disj glsgstke jl prdatgsglm hgs ajluske

@rklah wgth bk, bgxke wgth Gtdigdl kxprkssgjls, whgah dee-

ke tj thk egsajllkat.

Idrry wds ijlkiy, pkrhdps ds buah ds G wds gl by kxgik gl

ID. Gl by kdriy edys hkrk, G kit prjtkatke cy hdvglm skx gl d

jrkgml idlmudmk> thk vgjiklak j idlmudmk ajltdglke cy thkegsijadtgjl cktwkkl thk sgmlgfflkr dle thk sgmlgfflke dle sj-

tklke cy thk dat thdt thk wjres adrrgke lj prk-kxgstglm ds-

sjagdtgjl. G kit vdmukiy kxjtga dle G klfjyke ckglm strgppke

j hgstjry, by gekltgty prkegadtke cy jthkr pkjpiks mdzk dle

eksgrk, dl kbpty jcfkat wdgtglm tj ck ldbke. ]k nkpt skkglm

kdah jthkr jr d kw ykdrs, thk pikdsurk j rkpkdtglm thk gl-

tklsgty j thk fflrst lgmht ijjpke ajultikss tgbks, sustdglglm

thk rjik wk hde dssgmlke tj kdah jthkr. Qtgii, eurglm thk spdl

j jur egstdlt rkidtgjlshgp, wk sgbuitdlkjusiy trdlsgtgjlke6

bk gltj bgeeik dmk dle hgb gltj jie dmk. [lkqugvjadiiy ijs-

glm mrjule.

Idrry bdek bk thgln j Qajtty, thk ahdrdatkr rjb

Hgtahajans Pkrtgmjkbcjegke cy Fdbks Qtkwdrt. Hgtahajandttrgcutke thk dgiurk j thk fflib tj thk dat thdt Qtkwdrt wds

tjj jie jr thk pdrt dle sucskqukltiy uske Mdry Mrdlt (whj

wds datudiiy jur ykdrs jiekr) gl hgs lkxt ajupik j fflibs. G

thgln thk tklsgjl j ckglm dt jlak jie dle yjulm gs whdt

bdnks thk bjvgk sj dkatgvk.

Ignk sjbkthglm gs tdnglm jvkr, d pjsskssgjl, d ckajbglm.

Ukrk gs sjbkthglm sj kvkrgsh dcjut Qtkwdrts gltkrprktd-

tgjl j Qajtty, thk gldltgigzke bdl, d prgsjlkr j hgs styigshykt aidustrjphjcga cdahkijr pde, sijwiy rkdigzglm thdt hgs igk

gs pdssglm hgb cy, wdltglm d skajle ahdlak. Uk erkdb sk-

quklak, eksgmlke cy Qdui Cdss, wds glspgrke cy Euahdbps

hypljtga Sjtjrkigks. Cut thksk edys thk luek ejkslt ek-

sakle thk stdgradsk, shk gs Bgahkiik _kgkr gl Qadrdakdle

shk tdnks thk midss kikvdtjr.

]hdt wds thk ldturk j thk trdlsdatgjl: Gs by rkidtgjl-

shgp wgth auiturk tjj rdumht wgth eksgrk dle gekltgffladtgjl:

Jr db G tryglm ulcurekl by sjagj-kajljbga dlxgktgks gl

thk sdkty j hgs kbcrdak: Idrry mrkw jie gl hgs ckmgllkrs

hjusk dle whkl thdt rkdigty sdln gl, thk gbpidadcik rdbgffl-

adtgjl j thdt rkdigty, hk kit thk urmk tj skii gt. Hk bjvke tj

d pidak G lkvkr vgsgtke, d pklthjusk wgth hgmh akgiglms dle d

ijt j whgtk wdii spdak, whkrk hk ajuie prjpkriy egspidy hgs

drt ajiikatgjl d hdzy ekagsgjl, bdek hdi-eruln, ajllkeeurglm dl jpkl hjusk.


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Uk idst tgbk G sdw Idrry wk bdek pidls tj skk Igt-

tik @jxks, stdrrglm Nkiiy BaMgiigs, gl _dsdekld. Jur fflrst edtk

gl dt ikdst 1 ykdrs. G wklt tj hgs hjusk dle wk tjjn hgs lkwadr, d Ikxus wgth d adbkrd thdt diijws yju tj skk whkrk yju

cdan up, tj d Bkxgadl rkstdurdlt lkdr thk thkdtrk. Ukrk hk

shdrke hgs bjst shdbkui skarkt, dcjut d rgkle rjb hgs

edys dt Wdik whj egke j DGEQ. Hk vgsgtke hgb dt thk hjspg-

tdi, cut egelt ajbk jut tj hgb. Hk ikt hgb egk dijlk, wgth-

jut nljwglm thdt thky shdrke thk sdbk dstgatgjl. Cjth aijs-

ktke cut jlk jrake jut thk aijskt cy thk egskdsk. Dkr thk

pidy wk hde skx dle G kit aijsk tj hgb, dle G ajuie kki thkglvgsgcik egstdlak thdt jur rkspkatgvk pdgl arkdtke cktwkkl

us rkakeglm. G tjie hgb thdt G ijvke hgb dle thdt wk shjuie

hdvk ckkl tjmkthkr. Ukrk wds d bjbklt j dcsklak, d ijjn

j glajbprkhklsgjl jl hgs dak, dle thkl hk sdge, Wju drk

d sbjnkr. Gt ajuielt hdvk wjrnke.

* * *

G db rkdeglm Iks Ekrlgkrs Fjurs ek Sjidle Cdrthks cy

Hkrv Dimdidrrjlej. G jule gt gl Qyivrks igcrdry gl Cdfd.

Gts dl umiy dle skltgbkltdi cjjn gl thk wjrst pjssgcik wdy.

Uk duthjr thglns hk gs tjikrdlt dle ljl-fuemkbkltdi dcjut

Cdrthks hjbjskxudigty dle hgs ijvk jr hustikrs dle thkl

prjakkes tj eksargck gt ds sjrege dle ulsdtgsyglm, kxhgcgt-

glm lj aurgjsgty dcjut whdt ajuie hdvk dttrdatke Cdrthks tjthdt wjrie, ckyjle thk jcvgjus rkdsjls.

Cdrthks ajuie hdvk ckkl dttrdatke tj gts rgtudis, thk

pkrsjldigtgks j thk hustikrs, thkgr trdfkatjrgks ldrrdtgvk

pjssgcgigtgks sj wkii eksargcke cy Fkdl Iua Hkllgm (gl IksMdrjls ek _dssk, ekegadtke tj _dsjiglg dle hgs burekrkr)

jr gl thk pdmks j ].Q. Currjumhs. Cut thk arugsglm spjts j

_drgs drk ljt Fdpdl. Dimdidrrjlejs Cdrthks gs ahdstk (ijvks

tj aueeik) dle gldltgigzke cy hjrrgcik @rklah kxprkssgjls

(bdbgk, cgqukt) thdt sucstgtutk dbgigdrgty dle aijsklkss jr

d tjpga thdt kiueks thk duthjr. Gl thk ajlaiusgjl, Dimdidr-

rjlej glskrts hgbski gltj thk ldrrdtgvk, ajlffidtglm Cdrthks

jcskssgjl wgth d phjtj j hgs bjthkr wgth dl dlkaejtkdcjut hgs jwl prktkkl edumhtkrs dsagldtgjl wgth d pjrtrdgt

j thk duthjrs bjthkr ds d mgri. Agrauidriy, wk rkturl sdkiy

tj thk vdiuks dle rkidtgjlshgps thdt rkdiiy bdttkr. D bjrdiiy

wkii igvke igk.

Uk hustikrs, bkdlwhgik, drk egsbgsske6 d purk bjlk-

tdry trdlsdatgjl, dl kxahdlmk vdiuk cktwkkl thjsk whj hdvk

thk pjwkr j spkkah (dle glhkrkltiy bjlky) dle thjsk whj

hdvk thk pjwkr j ckduty. Dler kahgl gs qujtke hkdv-giy. Cdrthks hulm jut wgth d mrjup j mdy muys thdt kahgl

wds pdrt j. G rkbkbckr wdtahglm kahgls G Ejlt Ngss

whkl G bjvke tj _drgs. Dppdrkltiy, thk jiekr bdl pidyke cy

_hgigppk Ljgrkt wds glspgrke cy Cdrthks. ]dtahglm gt dmdgl,

G egsajvkr thdt thk fflib wds wrgttkl cy Fdaquks Ljijt, whjsk

fflibs Ckjrk G @jrmkt dle _jrl Ukdtkr G klfjyke mrkdtiy. G

Ejlt Ngssjiijws thk fjurlky j d yjulm bdl rjb d ek-prkssglm bjultdgl vgiidmk tj _drgs whkrk hk hjpks tj bdnk

Gl by kdriy edys hkrk, G kit prjtkatke cy hdvglm skx gl d jrkgml idlmudmk> thk vgjiklak j idl-mudmk ajltdglke cy thk egsijadtgjl cktwkkl thk sgmlgkr dle thk sgmlgke dle sjtklke cy thkdat thdt thk wjres adrrgke lj prk-kxgstglm dssjagdtgjl.


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d pidak jr hgbski. Hk vdmukiy dspgrks tj ckajbk dl datjr

cut kles up ds d hustikr glstkde.

kahgl rkwrjtk Ljijts sarkklpidy, whgah hk jule tjj

mdy, tjj spkagdigzke. Uk stjry, glspgrke cy Ljijts igk, wds

suppjske tj ck dcjut thk hustikrs egsajvkry j hgs jwl hj-

bjskxudigty, d rgtk j pdssdmk. Glstkde wk hdvk dl glajbprk-

hklsgcik thgre dat kdturglm Kbbdlukiik Ckdrt ds d trdmgawhjrk, spjrtglm d rgegauijus rke ajdt dle d Ijugsk Crjjns

hdgraut, wgth whjb thk yjulm bdl diis bdeiy gl ijvk. Uk

idst saklk wgth Ljgrkt, whj wgtlkssks thk prjtdmjlgsts trd-

fkatjry gltj hustiglm, gs thk bjst kvjadtgvk. Ljgrkt/Cdrthks

gs sgttglm dt hgs eksn gl d rjjb drt-egrkatke ds d wrgtkrs

stuey6 pgiks j cjjns, d igk-sgzk pjrakidgl adt mdzglm tjwdres

thk wglejw, twj jultdgl pkls gl d pklagi adsk.

Uk yjuth kltkrs. Ljgrkt jkrs hgb d ergln dle sdys, Gtsardzy hjw buah yjuvk ahdlmke. Uk yjuth dlswkrs fjnglm-

iy, Hjw sj, jr mjje jr cde: Ljgrkt rkpigks, Wjurk bjrk

ckdutgui, cut yju ejlt hdvk thk sdbk mdzk. ]hdt trdlsjr-

bdtgjl gs gbpigke gl thgs kxahdlmk: ]hdt eksgrdcik thglm

hds ckkl ijst: Ljgrkt kxpidgls whdt thk yjuth hds mdglke cy

ckajbglm d hustikr, thk sub j bjlky dle rkkejb. Ljgrkt

thkl tdnks jut d cjjn cy Lgktzsahk dle prjakkes tj rkde6

Ukrk gs lj ljcik pikdsurk thdt adlt ck rkeuake tj prjstgtu-tgjl. (Uk qujtk gl dat gs rjb CduekidgrksBy Hkdrt Idge

Cdrk, ljt Lgktzsahk.)

Uk yjuth gs digkldtke cy Ljgrkts egsajursk. Hk gs ckigt-

tike cy Ljgrkts pjwkr j spkkah. Ugs gs ljt whdt hk adbk

jr. Uk saklk bgrrjrs dljthkr bgewdy thrjumh thk fflib

whkrk thk yjuth gs jrake cy d erdbd ajdah tj bkbjrgsk

dle pkrjrb Hdbikts dbjus bjljijmuk gl rjlt j thk

whjik aidss. Hk aikdriy ejkslt ulekrstdle whdt hk hds rk-

agtke. ]hkl dsnke whdt hk thglns j thk bjljijmuk, hk

sdys, G ejlt ulekrstdle gt, by stjbdah hurts, dle ikdvks

thk aidss lkvkr tj rkturl. ]hdt hk gs ajlrjltke wgth gslt

Hdbikts bjljijmuk cut thk mdzk j thk jthkr stueklts, thk

wdii thkgr auiturdi nljwikemk krkats. Gts d saklk dcjut aidss

arukity, auiturdi aurrklay, dle glhkrgtke devdltdmks thdt thk

jthkr stueklts, prksubdciy rjb uppkr-aidss cdanmrjules,tdnk jr mrdltke. Uk dagigty wgth whgah thky gltkrprkt thk

bkdlglm j thk pidy (sgbuidtgjl, bkidlahjiy, Ngkrnkmddre,

Ejstjyksny) gsjidtks hgb.

Uk saklk rkbgles bk j _gkrrk Cjuregku dle Fkdl-

Aiduek _dsskrjls ajlaiusgjl tj Iks Hrgtgkrs, thkgr 4705

cjjn dcjut keuadtgjl, sjagdi bjcgigty dle auiturdi pdtrgbj-

ly suctik adpgtdi bdek j nljwikemk, sdvjgr dgrk, sdvjgr

egrkglhkrgtke cy ahgierkl rjb thk uppkr aidss. Cjuregkuadiis thgs thk ahdrgsbdtga gekjijmy dl jpkrdtgjl thdt trdls-

jrbs thk rksuit j aidss prgvgikmk gltj glegvgeudi mrdak jr

pkrsjldi daajbpigshbklt. Ugs trdlsbutdtgjl, hk sdys,

bdsns aidss rdagsb. Uk prjeuat j d cde keuadtgjl (whgah

ajuie ck defustke jr ajrrkatke) gs gltkrldigzke cy thjsk whj

dgi ds glegvgeudi ekstgly.

* * *

Uk lkgmhcjurs vjgaks, dl dmgtdtgjl. Uk hkdvy ejjr

bktdi ejjr thkyvk glstdiike gs thk bkdsurk j by edy d

pkrkatiy ekaklt edy thdt G db pkrvkrskiy ikttglm vdlgsh

gltj jcigvgjl. G db ajie thk lgmht gs diiglm. G db mjglm tj

hdvk by fflrst ergln. Gb wdgtglm jr sjbkthglm tj hdppkl,

d phjlk adii rjb Idrry: Gts Qdturedy lgmht. G db wdgtglm

jr 4?64; _B dle thkl Gii igstkl tj Uk Aurk. Dle thk tdp

Gts d saklk dcjut aidss arukity, auiturdi aurrklay, dle glhkrgtke devdltdmks thdt thk jthkrstueklts, prksubdciy rjb uppkr-aidss cdanmrjules, tdnk jr mrdltke.


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ergp, ergp, ergp ]hkl G wjuie pidy gt jl by ]dinbdl ds

dl ulhdppy tkkldmkr, G uske tj ckigkvk thdt Sjckrt Qbgth

whgspkrke thk wjre sugagek dt thk kle j thk sjlm. Gt wds

cdrkiy duegcik dle bdyck G gbdmglke gt.

G db tkbptke tj mj tj thk cdr whkrk wk fflrst bkt. Ukrkwkrk tgbks gl jur strdlmk rkidtgjlshgp whkl G kit thdt g G

thjumht dcjut hgb gltklskiy G ajuie bdlgkst hgs prksklak.

Jutsgek thkrk gs d Ikxus pdrnke. G thgln jr d skajle thdt

Idrry gs hkrk, cut G rkde thk igaklsk pidtk. Gt sdys Kvgi Ekde.

Ljt hgs styik. Uk cdr gs kbpty dle ekprkssglm. G rkmrkt ajb-

glm hkrk glstdltiy. G mkt d midss j wglk dle ekagek tj mj tj

thk pdtgj. Ukrk gs d bdl whj fflts thk prjfflik kxakpt hk skkbsd igttik lkrvjus. Hks ijjnglm dt bk. Hgs mdzk gs glsgstklt dle

ulajbjrtdcik. Hk sbjnks dle sgts wgth d ajupik j rgkles

whj drk pidyglm sjbk sjrt j trgvgd mdbk thdt yju fflle gl

mdy cdrs. G db wdgtglm jr hgb tj tdin tj bk, cut thdt lkvkr

hdppkls.

G mj glsgek. G mj tj thk rkstrjjb. Lkdr thk bgrrjr thkrk

gs d bgssglm pkrsjls ffiykr ckdrglm d phjtj j sjbkjlk whj

mjks jkl tj thgs cdr ljt pdrtgauidriy rkdssurglm. Jl thkP jvkr thk cdr, d cgjmrdphy j ID pucigshglm bdmldtk Jtgs

Ahdleikr gs pidyglm. Hgs sjl, whj hk thjumht gladpdcik j

tdnglm jvkr hgs eutgks dt thk ID gbks, hds egke j d crdgl

tubjur. Jtgs twj pdssgjls ngiiglm kxjtga dlgbdis (d shjt

j hgb ijvglmiy pkttglm d ekde ckdr) dle ajiikatglm vgltdmk

adrs drk ljw cjth jl egspidy gl thk sdbk mgdlt wdrkhjusk,

whkrk thky arkdtk d strdlmk fuxtdpjsgtgjl. Qjbkthglm gldl-tgik, sjbkthglm yju adl jliy skk gl Adigjrlgd, ignk Hkdrst

Adstik, jr Qagkltjijmy D rdmgik ljtgjl j bdlhjje gl-

hkrgtke rjb rkdeglm devklturk puip.

Hkeg ki Nhjitg gs d wrgtkr, kegtjr dle drtgst cdske gl Ijs Dlmkiks. Hk gs thk aj-kegtjr j Qkbgjtkxt(k), dl glekpkleklt puc-

igshkr j wjrns j thkjry, atgjl, bdelkss, kajljbgas, sdtgrk, skxudigty, sagklak atgjl, datgvgsb dle ajlkssgjl. Hk aurrkltiy kegts

Qkbgjtkxt(k)s jaadsgjldi gltkiikatudi fjurldi Dlgbdi Qhkitkr.


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Gltkrvgkw wgth QK]DS HJBKcy LGAHJIDQ MIKEHGII

wgth gbdmks cy _D[I QDXX Q_SDMK

Ljrthubcrgdl_syahj

]rgtkr, datgvgst dle ajultkr-auiturk gajl Qtkwdrt Hjbk tdins tj

Lyx dcjut igtkrdturk, jcsaklgty dle thk pjigtgas j hgmhkr keuad-tgjl gl rkkrklak hgs idtkst ljvki6 Bdley, Ahdrigk & Bdry-Fdlk(_klly-Dltk Kegtgjls, 3?41). Dt tgbks hgidrgjus dle ajlsgstkltiyegsturcglm, thk ljvki gs ldrrdtke cy Ahdrigk kbpiktjl, d sjagj-

pdthga, erum-deegatke Auiturdi Qtuegks ikaturkr dt thk fflatgjldiAgty [lgvkrsgty jLkwadstik upjl ylk (A[L). Urjumh dl

glarkdsglmiy egsturcke dle aut up ldrrdtgvk, Ahdrigk rkidtks hgsprjkssgjldi rustrdtgjls, pkrsjldi vklekttds dle prkedtjryskxudi rkidtgjlshgps whgik hdtahglm Bdahgdvkiigdl pidls tj mdgltjtdi pjwkr jvkr thk stueklts dle dauity j A[L. ypgadiiyj Hjbk, thk tkxt gs pkppkrke wgth tdlmkltgdi rkkrklaks tj hgsegvkrsk auiturdi glffiuklaks, rdlmglm rjb dvdlt-mdrek drt, di-tkrldtgvk busga, ulekrmrjule aglkbd dle pjigtgadi gekjijmy tj

pjrljmrdphy dle thk jaauit.


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LGAHJIDQ MIKEHGII6 Ajbpdrke tj prkvgjus ljvkis,

ignk 07 Uglms tj Ej wgth d Ekde _rglakssjr Ejwl dle Jut

gl Qhjrkegtah dle Hjxtjl, thgs jlk dithjumh gts stgii vkry

dvdlt-mdrek skkbs tj ck d cgt bjrk iglkdr, tj hdvk bjrk

j d ajlvkltgjldi styik gl sjbk wdys. Gs gt d cgt j d lkwekpdrturk jr yju, styigstgadiiy:

QK]DS HJBK6 Wks, gts bjrk ignk d pjstbjekrl pgad-

rksquk, whgah G ege gl Ault ds wkii, dithjumh thkrks ikss

trdvki thdl gl Ault. Cdsgadiiy G ege gt whkl G hde d wrgtkr

gl rksgeklak dt Wjrn [lgvkrsgty, thdt wds gl 3??; dle gl

thk subbkr tkrb ds dr ds G rkadii, dle yjuvk mjt thk j-

fflak dle yju sgt ejwl dle thgln whdts dii thgs ardp jl thk

wdiis: Dle thdts whkrk G stdrtke. Udts whdt Lgan Sjyik

ege gl hgs lkw cjjn ds wkii ^@grst Ljvki, 3?41R, hk sdt

ejwl dle stdrtke wgth d eksargptgjl j hgs dadekbga jfiak

whkl pkllglm d cjjn dcjut d arkdtgvk wrgtglm tkdahkr. . .

Hk tjie bk hk disj stdrtke hgs idst ljvki gl 3??5 cut gt tjjn

hgb ijlmkr tj wrgtk thdl bglk. By lkw cjjn wds ffllgshke

gl bdyck 0 bjlths cut gt tjjn dcjut skvkl ykdrs tj fflled pucigshkr, whkrkds Lgan tjjn sgx ykdrs jr sjbkthglm tj

wrgtk hgs. Qj wk stdrtke dt prktty buah thk sdbk tgbk dle

jur ljvkis kleke up ckglm pucigshke dt prktty buah thk

sdbk tgbk tjj!

LM6Qj wds thk adbpus gl thk ljvki cdske jl thk jlk dt

Wjrn: Gts qugtk gbpjrtdlt tj thk pijt jcvgjusiy, pdrtgauidr-

iy thk akltrdi idnk, dle thk tjwkrglm, crutdigst drahgtkaturk.

QH6Ukrk gs thk idnk ^dt WjrnR cut thk A[L adbpus gs

disj pdrtiy cdske jl Ksskx whgah hds thk drahgtkaturk. Wjrn

gs d 0?s bjekrlgst adbpus cut gts d cgt bjrk ijw rgsk, sj gt

ejkslt hdvk thk lgak tjwkr cijans ignk Ksskx. Disj G skt gt gl

Lkwadstik sj gts d bgx j thglms rkdiiy. Uk ldbk G usk jr

thk dadekbga glstgtutgjl, thk Agty [lgvkrsgty j Lkwadstik

upjl ylk, jr A[L, datudiiy ajbks rjb d rkdiiy ljtjrg-

jus thglm thdt hdppklke gl Lkwadstik whkl dii thk pjiy-

tkahlgas wkrk rk-crdleglm thkbskivks.

LM6Qj A[L gs d rkdi pidak:

QH6 Lj, gts ljt d rkdi pidak, thk pjiytkahlga gl Lkwadstik, G

thgln Ljrthubcrgd pjiytkahlga dithjumh Gb ljt surk whdt

gt wds adiike, gt ckadbk rkdiiy ljtjrgjus dbjlm eksgmlkrs

ckadusk thky spklt dii thgs bjlky rk-crdleglm gt ds Agty

[lgvkrsgty j Lkwadstik upjl ylk ckjrk thky rkdigske

whdt thk darjlyb wds. Dle G nljw Lkwadstik qugtk wkii

jr vdrgjus rkdsjls sj G thjumht Ge skt gt thkrk, cut gts ljt

igtkrdiiy dly jlk pidak.

LM6G hdvk tj dsn yju dcjut thk skbgldi Crkt Kdstjl Kiigs

ljvki Dbkrgadl _syahj. Wju rkkrklak gt egrkatiy glBdley

Ahdrigk & Bdry-Fdlk, dle disj G thjumht thdt gl thk ahdr-

datkr j Ahdrigk dle gl thk pijt mklkrdiiy thkrk drk d ijt j

pdrdiikis. Gs thgs gbpjrtdlt:

QH6 ]kii, G ngle j mjt ke up wgth ckglm ajbpdrke tj Crkt

Kdstjl Kiigs. Ckjrk Ekde _rglakssby fflrst fflvk ljvkis wkrk

thksk thgre pkrsjl snglhkde ljvkis whgah wkrk usglm d ijt

j Didgl Sjcck-Mrgiikt dle gekds dcjut rkpktgtgjl, dle us-

glmckadusk gt wds thk 8?s whkl G wds wrgtglm thgs stu

dii thdt pjstbjekrl thkjry, Cduergiidres ljtgjl j sgbuid-

tgjl dle sj jl. Qj, rdthkr thdl, ignk thk surrkdigsts jr thk

ljuvkdu-rjbdl j Sjcck-Mrgiikt, fust glsargcglm puip prjskgltj d ljl-iglkdr ldrrdtgvk, G thjumht wkii, Gii sgbuidtkd igl-

kdr puip ldrrdtgvk, ckadusk Gb usglm kikbklts j argbk dle

jthkr puip stu. Dle thk argtgas dii thjumht G wds fust wrgt-

glm puip, sj G fflmurke wkii Gvk ejlk thksk fflvk ljvkis thdt drk

iglkdr sj Gii try wrgtglm sjbkthglm ljl-iglkdr, dle ds sjjl

ds Ge thk fflrst ljl-iglkdr cjjn wds pucigshke gt wds jh, hks

glffiuklake cy Sjcck-Mrgiikt, cut thk kdrigkr jlks wkrk disj

glffiuklake cy Sjcck-Mrgiikt, gt fust wdslt ds jcvgjus. Cut


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thkl G gbbkegdtkiy stdrtke ckglm ajbpdrke tj Crkt Kdstjl

Kiigs dii thk tgbk. Dle, whgik G thgln thdt Kdstjl Kiigs gs datu-

diiy jlk j thk ckttkr cgm skiiglm duthjrs dle G ejlt egsignk

hgs cjjns, whdt hk ejks, pdrt j hgs ajlakptudigsdtgjl, gs tj

wrgtk jl thgs vkry kvkl nkki whkrk thk cjjns lkvkr mj dly-whkrk dt thk kle, dle jcvgjusiy gl thgs cjjn Bdley Ahdr-

igk & Bdry-FdlkR Gb ngle j rgfilm jl thjsk Fgb Ujbp-

sjl thgre pkrsjl ldrrdtgvks ds wkii> Ahdrigk kles up gl Hkii

whkrkds Ujbpsjls ahdrdatkrs wjuie kle up jl thk rul gl

Bkxgaj, cut thkrk drk pdrdiikis thkrk. Qj G wjuielt sdy gts dii

thdt buah ignk Kiigs, ckadusk G usk d ajiidmk dpprjdah, dle

whgik thgs jlk ejkslt kdturk sj buah dpprjprgdtke bdtk-

rgdi ds sdy Ejwl dle Jut gl Qhjrkegtah dle Hjxtjl, whkrk

kvkry pdrdmrdph gs 4?? wjres sj kvkrythglm gs disj ngle j

rk-wrgttkl, gts bdgliy dpprjprgdtke bdtkrgdi thdts ckkl rk-

wjrnke, dle G thgln whkl yjuvk mjt thdt ajiidmk dpprjdah

yjuvk mjt d vkry ulkvkl tkxturk tj thk cjjn, whgah G prkkr,

whgik thk gekd j igtkrdry styik gs usudiiy tj hdvk thgs kvkl-

lkss j tjlk whgah G ejlt rkdiiy mj jr byski cut Kiigs ejks.

Qj, whgik G adl ulekrstdle thk ajbpdrgsjls jl jlk ikvkiG mjt pgsske j jl dljthkr dle G wdltke tj ej sjbkthglm

thdt stdrtke ijjnglm ignk Kiigs cut thkl ege sjbkthglm kisk, sj

whdt G ege dt thk kle wds bdnk gt ignk d rjankt tdnglm j gl

thk idst twj ahdptkrs dle thkl yjurk sjbkwhkrk kisk ajb-

piktkiy, dle thdt wds vkry ekigckrdtkiy tj ck vkry ulignk Kiigs.

Dle thk jthkr thglm thdt gs vkry ulignk hgb gs thdt whkrk hk

rkkrklaks thglms ignk Huky Ikwgs dle _hgi Ajiigls Gb rkkr-

klaglm Gtdigdl adllgcdi hjrrjr bjvgks dle jthkr thglms thdtdrk bjrk jcsaurk. Ukrks thgs thglm whkrk g yju wdlt tj ck

gl thk ckstskiikr igst yju hdvk tj rkkrklak Uk Ckdtiks jr thk

Sjiiglm Qtjlks jr _gln @ijye, yju ejlt rkkrklak dlythglm

thdt gslt, ignk, dcsjiutkiy ulbgstdndcik jr kvkryjlk, sj G ek-

igckrdtkiy bdek bjrk jcsaurk rkkrklaks.

LM6 Datudiiy Ahdrigk bdek bk thgln vkry buah j thk _dt-

rgan Cdtkbdl ahdrdatkr gl Dbkrgadl _syahj gl thk sklsk

j hgs tjtdi ski-glvjivkbklt dle lkke tj ck gl ajltrji j

pkjpik, dle gl thk hubjur, thk vkry edrn hubjur, cut thk

ahdrdatkr skkbke rk-wjrnke gltj d bjrk 34st Akltury, Crgt-

gsh skttglm. ]juie gt ck rgmht tj skk thk ljvki ds pdrjeyglm

ajltkbpjrdry Crgtgsh auiturk gl thk sdbk wdy thdt Crkt Kds-tjl Kiigs ege jr Dbkrgadl auiturk gl thk 478?s: Gs Ahdrigk d

psyahj jr thk lkjigckrdi krd:

QH6 ]kii, yks gt gs d argtgquk j whdt ajbks jut j lkjigc-

krdigsb, G bkdl yjurk ljt bkdlt tj debgrk thk ldrrdtjr,

hks bkdlt tj ck ully dle yjurk bkdlt tj idumh dijlm dt

thk cjjn, cut hks ljt bkdlt tj ck debgrdcik. Cut dt thk

sdbk tgbk tj nkkp thk gltkrkst j thk rkdekr ljt kvkrythglm

Ahdrigk sdys gs ajbpiktk ljlsklsk. Qj yks thk cjjn gs pdr-

jeyglm ajltkbpjrdry auiturk, dithjumh Ge sdy Kurjpkdl

bjrk thdl Crgtgsh. G ejlt rkdiiy thgln gt bdnks sklsk tj

ajbpdrk Crgtgsh auiturk tj Dbkrgadl ckadusk j thk egkr-

klaks gl mkjmrdphgadi sadiksj whgik yju bgmht ajbpdrk

Ijlejl auiturk tj thdt j Lkw Wjrn, g yjurk tdnglm thk

whjik j thk [lgtke Qtdtks thkl gt bdnks bjrk sklsk tjajbpdrk gt tj Kurjpk. Dle d ijt j whdt Ahdrigk gs gltkr-

kstke gl gs Kurjpkdl rdthkr thdl strgatiy Crgtgsh jr Klmigsh.

Jcvgjusiy thk cjjn disj pdrjegks thk Ckimgdl bjanubkl-

tdry fflib dcjut d skrgdi ngiikr,Bdl Cgtks Ejm. Cut thk tdnk

jl thk auiturk gs rjb whkl thk cjjn wds wrgttkl whgah

gs 3??;.

LM6 Qpkdnglm j lkjigckrdigsb, thgs gssuk j Lyxgs datudiiyjl thk thkbk j sngl, dle dithjumh gts d cgt j d tklujus

ajllkatgjl G thjumht wk ajuie tdin d cgt dcjut skx dle pjr-

ljmrdphy. Jcvgjusiy thkrks d humk dbjult j vkry kxtrkbk,

mrdphga skxudi ajltklt gl d ijt j yjur wjrn dle thgs ljvki

gs lj kxakptgjl, gl dat gts sj prjbglklt G wds wjlekrglm

whkthkr thkrks d ikvki jl whgah yju bgmht ekigckrdtkiy ck

usglm gt tj sdy sjbkthglm dcjut ajltkbpjrdry dttgtueks tj

skx, whgah drk j ajursk egsausske d ijt rgmht ljw gl sjagdi


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dle pjigtgadi thkjry, dle thdt bdyck wgthgl dii thk skxudi

kxpigagt stu thkrks sjbk argtgquk jl skxudigsdtgjl dle mkl-

ekr pjigtgas ulekr adpgtdigsb.

QH6 Wks, G thgln G db argtgadi j mklekr pjigtgas, dle G thgln

thkrks d whjik ijt j ekcdtks thdt drklt rkdiiy rksjivke, G

thgln thkrks d prjcikb wgth thdt ngle j Ewjrnglgtk vgkw,

datudiiy shk wdslt kxdatiy thk jlk whj adbk up wgth gt, cut

yju nljw thdt ngle j . . .

LM6 Qkajle-wdvk kbglgsb:

QH6Wks, thk ngle j pjrl thk thkjry rdpk thk prdatgak gekd,

cut dt thk sdbk tgbk thkrks d humk ikvki j jcvgjus digkld-tgjl mjglm jl gl rkidtgjl tj skxudigty, thkrks d humk dbjult

j skxgsb dle hjbjphjcgd, dle hjw yju deerkss thdt gs

ajbpikx, dle yju adl pdrtiy deerkss thksk thglms cy sdtg-

rgsglm thkb gl fflatgjl. Jlk j thk thglms gts egfiauit tj mkt

darjss tj pkjpik gs thdt gl fflatgjl yju adl kxprkss jpglgjls

thdt yju ejlt dmrkk wgth, whgah G diwdys fflle surprgsglm,

whkl pkjpik eksargck by fflatgjl dle sdy thdts by jpglgjl,

ckadusk whgik gt bdy jr bdy ljt ck by jpglgjl ds d pgkakj fflatgjl yju hdvk tj wjrn thrjumh gt, yju adlt fust fflle

sjbkthglm gl d pgkak j fflatgjl dle thkl argtgquk bk jl thk

cdsgs j gt, yju hdvk tj datudiiy wjrn jut whdt by stdlepjglt

gs gl rkidtgjl tj gt gs. Dle kvkl gl thglms thdt bgmht dppkdr

tj ck ljl-fflatgjl yju hdvk tj wjrn thrjumh dle fflle jut

whdts mjglm jl, ckadusk j by usk j grjly dle jthkr ngles

j pijys. Jcvgjusiy gts d ngle j aidssga rhktjrgadi trgan tj

stdtk pjsgtgjls thdt yju ejlt dmrkk wgth fust tj bdljkuvrk

pkjpik sjbkwhkrk kisk, yju adl usk thjsk pjsgtgjls gl dii

sjrts j wdys. Cut G ej thgln thkrks d prjcikb wgth bjrdi-

gsb gl akrtdgl drkds j whdt yju wkrk adiiglm skajle-wdvk

kbglgsb, cut dt thk sdbk tgbk thkrk drk kikbklts j arg-

tgquk whgah drk qugtk rkdsjldcik cut whkl yju skk sjbk

kbglgsts iglnglm up wgth ajlskrvdtgvks gl thk Qtdtks tj mkt

dltg-pjrljmrdphy jregldlaks pdsske gts prjcikbdtga. G ejlt

hdvk d humk prjcikb wgth pkjpik wdtahglm pjrl ds ijlm ds

kvkrythglms ajlsklsudi. Dt thk sdbk tgbk G thgln d ijt j

pjrl gs fust cjrglm . . .

LM6 Wks, G bkdl thkrks d ijt j cjrglm stu, dle thkl thkrks

stu thdts qugtk hdrbikss dle pidyui, pjssgciy kvkl igckrdt-

glm jr sucvkrsgvk gl sjbk wdys, whgah rgsns mkttglm culeikegl wgth thk bjrk ulpikdsdlt stu. Gvk ckkl klfjyglm Ahus

Bdrtglkz4 cy thk wdy . . .

QH6Jlk j thk thglms G fflle rkdiiy ully gs whkrk yju adl

datudiiy fflle pjrl jl thk gltkrlkt, G jule thgs whjik adahk

j pjrl gl ]gngpkegd, whkrk d whjik ijt j gljrbdtgjl jl

skxudi ktgshks gs rkdiiy jcskssgvkiy dle rkpktgtgvkiy wrgttkl

dcjut, dle thkl iglns yju tj dii ngles j skx sgtks. Ignk thkkltry jl krjtga hubgigdtgjl ngle j mikkuiiy mjks thrjumh

dii thk wdys yju adl krjtgadiiy hubgigdtk sjbkjlk, glaiue-

glm jliglk.

LM6 Qj gts strdlmk ckadusk thk ajltkxt gs ajie dle aiglgadi:

QH6 ]kii, gts ljt rkdiiy aiglgadi, gts ngle j pskuej-aiglgadi

dle jcfkatgvk cut yju adl tkii thdt whjkvkrs rkdiiy wrgtglm gt

Uk ldbk G usk jr thk dadekbga glstgtutgjl, thk Agty [lgvkrsgty j Lkwadstik upjl ylk,jr A[L, datudiiy ajbks rjb d rkdiiy ljtjrgjus thglm thdt hdppklke gl Lkwadstik whkldii thk pjiytkahlgas wkrk rk-crdleglm thkbskivks.


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G ejlt hdvk d humk prjcikb wgth pkjpikwdtahglm pjrl ds ijlm ds kvkrythglms ajl-sklsudi. Dt thk sdbk tgbk G thgln d ijt j

pjrl gs fust cjrglm . . .

gs mkttglm j jl d ngle j kxhgcgtgjlgsb j wrgtglm dcjut hu-

bgigdtgjl jliglk. Disj, gt fust dbdzks bk thdt pkjpik skdrah

jr pjrl jl Wjutuck, whgah G adl tkii rjb thk rksuits G mkt

whkl G ijjn dt thk stdts pdmks jl by jwl Wjutuck ahdl-

lkis, dle whdt yju adl dle adlt shjw jl Wjutuck, ckadusk

Gvk hde vgekjs rkbjvke thdt ajlsgstke kltgrkiy j tkxt dle

sjule, jr lubkrdis tkxt dle sjule, cut dt thk sdbk tgbk g

yju hdppkl tj ck gltj pdlty-wkttglm yju adl wdtah pdlty-

wkttglm tj yjur hkdrts ajltklt jl Wjutuck ckadusk thk mgris

drklt ldnke. Cut datudiiy Ge thgln thdt jr d 41-ykdr-jie

thkye prjcdciy ck bjrk egsturcke ajbglm darjss d pdlty-

wkttglm vgekj thdl sjbkthglm shjwglm strdgmht skx.

LM6 Wjuvk hde sjbk jthkr prjcikbs wgth aklsjrshgp glthk pdst, gslt sjbk j yjur wjrn cdllke gl Sussgd jr ckglm

ulahrgstgdl:

QH6 Ukrk wds d ajurt adsk gl Sussgd jvkr Ajbk Ckjrk

Ahrgst dle Burekr Ijvk^Qkrpklts dgi, 477=R, gt fust mrjule

tj d hdit gl sjbk ikmdi prjakss gl thk kle cut thkrk wkrk pkj-

pik tryglm tj tdnk thk pucigshkrs tj ajurt. Udt wds thk wjrst

prjcikb gl Sussgd cut gt wdslt fust thk mjvkrlbklt. Uk fflrstljvki G hde pucigshke thkrk, Cijw Fjc^Qkrpklts dgi, 477=R,

hde d pdrjey j Ldtgjldi Cjishkvgsb gl gt, skt gl Klmidle.

Ldtgjldi Cjishkvgsb wds d tkleklay gl 471?s MkrbdlyR tj

thk rgmht j thk Ldzgs, thky argtgagske thk Ldzgs jr ckglm tjj

pikckgdl. Uk bjst dbjus fflmurk G thgln glvjivke wgth gt

wds Krlst Flmkr, whj wrjtk Qtjrb j Qtkkidle wds Hgtikrs

dvjurgtk duthjr. Qj, gts d rkdi pjigtgadi tkleklay . . .


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LM6 G thgln yju disj bkltgjl Flmkr glBdley Ahdrigk dle

Bdry-Fdlk.

QH6 G thgln G pjssgciy ej, yks. Dle Sussgd ljw hds d dgriy

idrmk Ldtgjldi Cjishkvgst bjvkbklt, ckadusk yju adl skkhjw wgth Sussgdl hgstjry g yju wdlt d dsagst bjvkbklt

thkl Ldtgjldi Cjishkvgsb gl d ngle j rk-ajlfflmurke wdy

bdnks sklsk. Qj dlywdy thk Sussgdl Ldtgjldi Cjishkvgns

wkrk rkdiiy pgsske j wgth thk wdy G ekpgatke thkb gl thgs

ljvki, dithjumh gt mjt lj rkdatgjl dlywhkrk kisk ignk gl Klm-

idle jr Dbkrgad ckadusk lj-jlk nlkw whdt G wds datudiiy

pdrjeyglm. Qj thky hde d adbpdgml dmdglst thk ljvki whgah

thkl mjt tdnkl up cy Ahrgstgdl dsagsts whj disj hde d prjc-

ikb wgth bk, dle thkl thkrk wds d ljvki thdt hde sjbk ja-

auit ajltklt, sj jaauit thkl dutjbdtgadiiy ckajbks Qdtdlgst

kvkl thjumh gt ejkslt hdvk tj ck Qdtdlgst. Wju adl hdvk

ljl-Qdtdlgst jaauitgsb ds wkii.

LM6 Ge sdy Adthjigagsb gs cdsgadiiy ljl-Qdtdlgst jaauitgsb.

QH6 Wks, dle Qdtdlgsb gs fust Ahrgstgdlgty gl rkvkrsk dlywdy,

thdts by cgmmkst prjcikb wgth gt. Dle sj thk dsagsts fflrk-

cjbcke by pucigshkrs jfiaks dle stu ignk thdt, sj gt wdslt

fust d ikmdi prjakss, thkrk wkrk qugtk d ijt j prjcikbs wgth

dsagst dttdans.

LM6 Jndy, crglmglm gt d cgt aijskr tj hjbk ljw G lkke tj

ahdlmk thk sucfkat dmdgl. Ukrk drk d ajupik j thglms Ge ignktj dsn yju dcjut hgmhkr keuadtgjl, thkrk skkbs tj ck d sklsk

j aylgagsb jr egsgiiusgjlbklt gl thk lkw ljvki dcjut thk

wdy thk [lgvkrsgty gs mjglm ds dl glstgtutgjl. @jr glstdlak

thkrks thgs egstglatgjl bdek cktwkkl thk dadekbga dle thk

debglgstrdtgvk, bdldmkbklt sgek, Ahdrigk jcvgjusiy ckglm

ekspkrdtk tj fjgl thk debglgstrdtgvk sgek cdsgadiiy ckadusk

hks d bkmdijbdlgda dle d cgt j d egan . . .


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QH6 Dle ckadusk hk adlt bdnk gt jl thk jthkr sgek, hke

prjcdciy rdthkr ck d stdr dadekbga cut hks lkvkr ejlk dly

mjje rkskdrah wjrn.

LM6 Wks, rgmht, dle G wds wjlekrglm g yjur kxpkrgklaks

ds d wrgtkr gl rksgeklak gl vdrgjus glstgtutgjls jvkr thk idst

ajupik j ekadeks hdvk gljrbke yjur ekpgatgjl j thk [lg-

vkrsgty dle gts gllkr wjrnglms, g yju thgln thglms drk rdeg-

adiiy ahdlmglm jr thk wjrsk dt thk bjbklt ds d ijt j pkjpik

skkb tj thgln, thdt thk idlesadpk j hgmhkr keuadtgjl hds

stdrtke tj ahdlmk sglak thk rkstruaturglm dle thk gltrjeua-

tgjl j tugtgjl kks dle sj jl. @jr glstdlak, jr bk jlk j

thk ullgkst kpgsjeks gl thk cjjn gs whkl Ahdrigk gs ajllgv-glm wgth dljthkr dadekbga tj hdvk Auiturdi Qtuegks bjvk tj

d bjrk rgmht-wglm pjigtgadi stdlak, ds hk jrkskks thdt jliy

rgah nges wgii ck dcik tj ahjjsk gt ds dl jptgjl gl uturk dle

thdt thkgr pdrklts, whj wgii ck pdyglm, wgii wdlt thkb tj

ikdrl bjrk ajlskrvdtgvk thkjry.

QH6 Wkdh, wkii G thgln gts truk, dithjumh G ejlt thgln ulg-

vkrsgtgks wkrk d pdrdegsk ckjrk tugtgjl kks, G bkdl by jwlkxpkrgklak wds ckglm thrjwl jut jr wgllglm drmubklts

wgth tutjrs, G ejlt hdvk d ekmrkk ckadusk G wds nganke jut.

Cut whkl G wklt tj Nglmstjl _jiytkahlga dt thk ckmgllglm j

thk kgmhtgks G rkbkbckr G wds ngle j surprgske cy thk cdan-

mrjules j thk jthkr stueklts, yju nljw G hdelt wdltke tj

mj tj ulgvkrsgty ckadusk G thjumht gt wjuie fust ck d ijt j

pjsh nges, cut G wds jl d uii bdgltkldlak mrdlt, cut lj jlk

kisk jl by ajursk wds dle thky wkrk bjrk pjsh thdl G kx-

pkatke dle sjbk hde ckkl prgvdtkiy keuadtke. G mjt by mrdlt

dle G ajuie mkt hjusglm cklkfflt eurglm thk hjigedys dle dii

thdt dle sgml jl dle kvkrythglm kisk, sj jr bk G pdrtiy wklt

ckadusk thk bjlky wds mjje, sj G adlt skk why sjbkjlk

ignk bk wjuie mj ljw, dle jcvgjusiy whkl yju stdrt tj bdnk

nges pdy jr gt ignk wgth kvkrythglm kisk gt mkts wjrsk ckadusk

thkl thky thgln thkyrk d austjbkr dle shjuie egatdtk thk

skrvgak thky mkt. Dle jl thk whjik G fflle thk wdy arkdtgvk

wrgtglm gs tdumht gl ulgvkrsgtgks rgegauijus . . . datudiiy thk idst

ijlm-tkrb Arkdtgvk ]rgtglm rksgeklay G ege wds rkdiiy dltds-

tga, whgah wds dt Qtrdthaiyek dle rul cy Fjldthjl Hjpk dt

thdt tgbk, whjs d iglmugst, sj hk egelt bkss dcjut whkl stu-

eklts adbk gl jr thk fflrst ykdr j thkgr ekmrkk skttglm thkbwjrn jl thk bkdlglm j Qhdnkspkdrk, cut datudiiy tdumht

thkb dcjut iglmugstgas, whgah G thgln wds tkdahglm thkb gl d

rkdiiy mjje wdy. Dle G wds dcik tj rul thk Arkdtgvk ]rgtglm

gl thk wdy G ignk, thk sdbk ds Wjrn datudiiy, whkrk G wjuie

bdnk thk stueklts cijm dle mkt thkb tj ajbbklt jl jlk

dljthkrs wjrn, ignk d ngle j ayckrspdak drt stuegj systkb.

]hkl yjurk ejglm sjbkthglm arkdtgvk yjurk mjglm tj ikdrl

bjrk rjb thk jthkr stueklts thdl yju adl rjb whjkvkrstkdahglm, ckadusk yju adl spkle bjrk tgbk wgth thk jthkr

stueklts. Udts why thk drt sahjjis ej wkii dt ulekrmrdeu-

dtk ikvki @glk Drt, G thgln pjstmrdeudtk @glk Drt gs d wdstk

j tgbk. Dle G kki vkry strjlmiy thdt wgth Arkdtgvk ]rgtglm,

ulikss yju hdvk d vkry ulekrstdleglm Klmigsh ekpdrtbklt,

thk tjp-ejwl hgkrdrahgadi tkdahglm bkthje fust ejkslt

wjrn dle thjsk ekpdrtbklts drklt thk rgmht klvgrjlbklt gl

whgah tj tkdah nges tj wrgtk fflatgjl. Dle thk keuadtgjl sys-

@jr bk jlk j thk ullgkst kpgsjeks gl thk cjjn gs whkl Ahdrigk gs ajllgvglm wgth dljthkr dad-ekbga tj hdvk Auiturdi Qtuegks bjvk tj d bjrk rgmht-wglm pjigtgadi stdlak, ds hk jrkskks thdtjliy rgah nges wgii ck dcik tj ahjjsk gt ds dl jptgjl gl uturk dle thdt thkgr pdrklts, whj wgii ck

pdyglm, wgii wdlt thkb tj ikdrl bjrk ajlskrvdtgvk thkjry.


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t hg h e tg gt e c t f t iig LJKQ


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tkb, hgmhkr keuadtgjl, gts bjrk dle bjrk dcjut fust puiiglm

gl stueklts bjlky, hjw bdly jrkgml stueklts adl wk mkt

dle hjw buah gs thk ulgvkrsgty bdnglm dle gts ljt dcjut

ikdrlglm. Gt shjuie ck dcjut thk ikdrlglm klvgrjlbklt. Cut

wgth Klmigsh ekpdrtbklt Arkdtgvk ]rgtglm gts bjstiy dcjutajllglm nges gltj cuyglm gltj d pgpk erkdb, tj mkt thkb tj

pdrt wgth thkgr bjlky ckadusk thky ckigkvk thky adl thkl

bdnk d igvglm ds wrgtkrscut thk jvkrwhkibglm bdfjrgty

wgii lkvkr kvkl ck prjkssgjldiiy pucigshke.

LM6 @gldiiy, g yju wkrk mjglm tj sub up thk lkw ljvki,

Bdley Ahdrigk & Bdry-Fdlk, gl fust jlk skltklak, hjw

wjuie yju eksargck gt:

QH6 Gts thk bjst egrty, pkrvkrtke fflith yju ajuie pjssgciy

rkde dle gt wgii mgvk yju ckttkr jrmdsbs thdl dlythglm kisk

yju adl fflle. ^idumhsR

LJKQ

4 Dl ditkr-kmj uske jliglk cy Hjbk tj cijm jl skxud i ktgshgsb.

Qtkwdrt Hjbks wkcsgtk6 www.stkwdrthhjbksjagkty.jrm. Bdley, Ahdrigk & Bdry-Fdlk gs dvdgidcik ljw rjb Dbdzjl jr

egrkat rjb thk pucigshkr6 www.pklly-dltk.lkt/pd?44.htbi

Lgahjids Mikehgii gs d mrdeudtk rjb thk Akltrk jr Auiturdi Qtuegks, Mjiesbgths, dle dl kegtjr j Lyx, d ljatjurldi.

_dui Qprdmkt stuegke Gltkrdatgvk @glk Drt dt Bdlahkstkr Bktrjpjigtdl [lgvkrsgty ckjrk diiglm jut j ijvk wgth drt, thkl

diiglm gl ijvk wgth ckkr. Hk gs ljw d pucigadl. Uksk phjtjs wkrk tdnkl j thk idtk-lgmht P ahdllki Cdckstdtgjl, whgah hk

ckadbk bgieiy jcsksske wgth ejaubkltglm whgist ejmsgttglm dt hgs mrdlebjthkrs hjusk. // pduisprdmktOmbdgi.ajb

K g


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cy SDAG NKIIW

KdtglmQngls6

_dpkr, Gln& @iksh gl

Qgx Ajursks


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54

Dcds Dbglg, Ljttglmhdb, [N, 3??1. _hjtj arkegt6 Ljttglmhdb Kvklglm _jst, uske wgth pkrbgssgjl.

Dbusk-cjuahk wdiipdpkr hde tj ck put up gl sbdiikr pgkaks, ignk d pdtah-


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Dbusk cjuahk

Gl Hkrbdl Bkivgiiks 48;4 fflatgjldi ldrrdtgvk Bjcy

Egan, thk tdttjjke adllgcdi Tukkqukm bdps jut thk aui-

turdi gbdmgldtgjl j thk kdr-gleuaglm Jthkr gl rkidtgjl tjthk stdledregske jrekr. Bjrk rkakltiy, gl 3??4, Drbgl Bkg-

wks egsbkbckrke dle dtk thk ajlskltglm Ckrle Crdleks,

uiffliiglm kdah j thkgr dltdsgks. Uk adsk ktahke gtski gltj

thk hgstjry j Mkrbdl idw, hgmhigmhtglm gts pulaturks dle

ksadpk rjutks. Adllgcdigsb gl gtski gs ljt dl jklak gl

Mkrbdly, dle ds Crdleks hde ajlskltke tj hgs jwl egs-

bkbckrbklt dle ajlsubptgjl gl thk kyks j Mkrbdl idw

gt ajuie jliy ck vgkwke ds ngiiglm jl rkqukst, digmlke wgth

dssgstglm kuthdldsgd. Bkgwks wds ajlskqukltiy ajlvgatke

jl ditkrldtgvk daajults j burekrglm jr thk purpjsk j

skxudi pikdsurk dle jr egsturcglm thk pkdak j thk ekde. Gl

hgs prk-trgdi gltkrvgkw Bkgwks prjaidgbke thdt sglak kdtglm

Crdleks hk hde tdnkl jl sjbk j thk glmkstke bdls qudig-

tgks, suah ds spkdnglm thk Klmigsh idlmudmk bjrk ffiukltiy.

Qjbk sahjidrs summkst thdt thk gsidle j Mrkdt Crgtdgl

tdnks gts ldbk rjb thk prdatgak j tdttjjglm, wgth Crgtjls

trdlsidtglm ds pkjpik j thk eksgmls dle thk dlagklt _gats

rjb whdt gs ljw bjekrl edy Qajtidle tdnglm thkgr ldbk

rjb thk idtgl pgatus, bkdlglm pdgltke, dle whj wkrk ek-

sargcke ds thk thk pdgltke/tdttjjke pkjpik.4Uk trkdtbklt

j sngls thrjumh glmkstgjl dle glsargptgjl, wgth tdttjjglm

gtski ckglm d prjakss j glmkstgjl, spdls gekltgty prdatgaks,

pjpuidr igtkrdry fflatgjl dle ajltkbpjrdry auiturk.

Kltrk

G wds cjrl gl d siub. Uk ajlekblke hjusk rkltke

rjb d prgvdtk idleijre hde d siubpglm rjj dle edbp

wdiis whgah wkrk ardanke dle ekadyglm. By mrdlebjthkr

wjuie pdpkr dle rkpdpkr thk wdiis gl jrekr tj egsmugsk jur

igvglm ajlegtgjls. Uk ardans wkrk sj ekkp gl pidaks thdt thk

wdiipdpkr hde tj ck put up gl sbdiikr pgkaks, ignk d pdtah

wjrn qugit. Gl by ckerjjb shk hulm pdik wdiipdpkr wgth

sprdwiglm ffijwkrs. Jvkr tgbk thk edbplkss rjb thk wdii

wjuie skkp thrjumh. Gt wjuie turl thk skdbs j thk wdii-

pdpkr crjwl fflrst, dle thkl sijwiy sprkde glwdres tjwdresthk bgeeik mrjule whkrk arystdi cijjbs wjuie dppkdr.

Uksk sprkdeglm arystdi jrbdtgjls adumht thk igmht dt akr-

tdgl tgbks dle wkrk buah bjrk ckdutgui thdl thk prgltke

ffijwkrs thky thrkdtklke. G wjuie hdui d ahdgr jvkr dle aigbc

tj ijjn dt thkb bjrk aijskiy dle tkst thkgr ldturk cy erdm-

mglm by hdreklke ffllmkrldgis darjss thkb. Ckglm d rksuit

j edbplkss dle sdit bgmrdtgjl, thk arystdis wjuie rkdegiy

cdrk thk kvgeklak j by sardtahglm. Ukgr ckduty dle jr-

bdtgjl arubcike dle egssjivke whkl pidake jl by ffllmkr-

tgps. Uky ajuie ljt ck hkie.

Eurglm by ahgiehjje G sukrke rjb lubkrjus sngl

ajlegtgjls, dii wgth egkrklt adusks, cut dii ulckdrdciy gtahy

dle sjrk. By bjst bgskrdcik tgbk wgth by sngl hdppklke

whkl thrkk ajlegtgjls ajglageke. G sukrke wgth wkkpglm

kazkbd jl by hdles dle gllkr drbs dle dt thk cdan j by

nlkks, wgth dthiktks jjt jl by tjks dle d cjut j gbpktgmj

bjstiy kvgeklt jl by gllkr drbs. Dt thgs tgbk by sngl kit

ignk dl klkby dle d cidlnkt j egsajbjrt. G ege ljt wdlt tj

ck tjuahke cy dly jthkr pkrsjl, cut G wdltke tj tjuah by-

ski kxakssgvkiy dle wkdr jut by lkrvk kles gl dl dttkbpt

tj bdnk thkb cigssuiiy lubc. G ajuie ljt fflle rkigk rjb

by sngls ekbdle tj ck sardtahke, cut G wjuie sjjl ikdrl

tj sardtah wgth nluaniks rdthkr thdl ldgis. Kdah edy ckadbkd rgtudi j dttkledlak tj thk ekbdleglm sngl surdak. Kdah

wkkpglm tjk wjuie ck glegvgeudiiy cdledmke dt thk ckmgl-

lglm dle kle j kdah edy. Eurglm thk edy, kxdakrcdtke cy

thk wkdrglm j shjks, thdt euk tj thk cdledmks wkrk ljw

d tgmht fflt, thk dthiktks jjt wjuie ajltgludiiy wkkp, sjdn-

glm gltj thk cdledmks dle eryglm, cjleglm sngl dle tkxtgik

surdaks. Ckjrk cke kdah lgmht G wjuie sgt sjdnglm by kkt

gl d tkpge cjwi j wdtkr, wdgtglm jr thk sgmls j thk egssjiv-

Uk bkbjry wds pdgluiiy ktahke gltj thk surdak j by sngl. Ds thk sngl glmkstke thk


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glm cjle ds thk cdledmks stdrtke tj ulrdvki. Ugs gs whkl

thk ckduty j whdt G sdw jl thk wdiipdpkrs surdak gl by

ckerjjb trdlsidtke tj sjbkthglm bjrk tkrrgyglm whkl

pidyke jut upjl by jwl sngl. Ds thk cdledmks ckadbk

ijjsk, jkl sj ege thk sngl, auriglm dt thk kemks j ardans

dle pkkiglm j, fust ignk by wdiipdpkr. ]hkl thk kkt wkrk

mkltiy pdttke wgth d ery tjwki thk snglikss tjks wjuie skle

tgly ckdes j ffiuge tj thk surdak thdt wjuie adtah thk igmht

dle migstkl ignk thk sdit arystdis jl thk wdii. G pgaturke by

mrdlebjthkr dle hkr kxpklegturk j klkrmy ds shk rkvgs-

gtke thk sdbk spjts j wdiipdpkr, rkdppiyglm thkb kdah tgbk

thky kii dwdy. Gl thk kle, pdpkr dle ffikshy sngls wkrk cjth

ekstglke tj ck shke. G ckadbk dwdrk thdt thk shkeeglm j

sngl gs ljt diwdys thk jlmjglm kxjigdtgjl j thglms dirkdey

ekde, cut sjbktgbks thk ulajbjrtdcik strgppglm j d idykr

thdt gs stgii digvk.

Uk wkkpglm kazkbd jl by hdles, glsgek kicjw arkdsks

dle jl thk cdan j thk nlkks wkrk trkdtke wgth egkrklt

gltklsgtgks j hyerjajrtgsjlk jgltbklts. Ugs trkdtbklt

wklt jl jr ykdrs, kvkltudiiy bdnglm by sngl wdkr thgldle pdpkr-ignk. Ds thk kazkbd, ulignk thk dthiktks jjt, wds

ljt cdledmke, gt wds bjrk thdl G ajuie ej tj rksgst rgppglm

gltj sngl wgth ldgis ultgi sjbktgbks gt cike. Ignk thk trdgiglm

j by ldgis thrjumh thk sdit arystdis jl wdiipdpkr, G wjuie

ikdvk d trdgi j bdrnglms jl by jwl sngl, vgsgcik jr hjurs

ultgi supkrskeke cy jthkrs. Gl deegtgjl tj thgs, thk sngl jl

by glsgek kicjws, dirkdey dmmrdvdtke cy kazkbd, kruptke

wgth gbpktgmj. Ckmgllglm wgth tdpgjad-ignk tgly cigstkrs,

whgah krupt wgth wdtkry ffiuge, thk gbpktgmj ckmdl tj jrb

arusts, whgah jlak dmdgl rkskbcike thk arystdigsdtgjl jl

thk wdiipdpkr surdak. Uksk pdtahks j jthkriy tkxturk

ckadbk sadcs, dt whgah G wds disj tkbptke tj pgan tj tkst

thkgr ldturk. Kdah lgmht ultgi thk jutcrkdn hde aikdrke up G

wds lkstke cktwkkl twj aikdl shkkts, ignk ulbdrnke pdpkr.

Kdah edy thk cke wds strgppke dle by sngl stdrtke tj rklkw

gtski. By mrdlebjthkr ajltgluke tj pdtah up thk rjjb

wgth lkw cgts j wdiipdpkr dle rksh shkkts.

Bdgl Ajursk

Gl Uk _drijur (3??0/=) wds d skquklak j puciga rk-skdrah kvklts cy thk ajbpdly Hdlajan dle Nkiiy Igvk thdt

tjjn pidak gl E.A. dttjj Qdijjl, Ljttglmhdb, [N. Uk

kvklts wkrk glstgmdtke tj kxpijrk hjw jlk cjey bdy kb-

cjey thk bkbjry j dl Jthkr, dle hjw cjegks bdy hjie jr

dgi tj hjie kdah jthkr tj daajult.

Uk wdiipdpkr gl by ajiidcjrdtjr Sgahdre Hdlajans

ahgiehjje hjbk, rjb whgah thk tdttjj eksgml jr Gl Uk_drijurwds tdnkl, wds hulm gl thk hdiiwdy, thdt trdlsgtgjl-

di spdak thrjumh whgah cjegks pdss jl thkgr wdy tj jthkr

ekstgldtgjls. Glstkde j thk usudi wjje ahgp jule gl dcul-

edlak gl suah hjbks gl thk kdriy kgmhtgks, Sgahdres pdrklts

hde ekageke upjl dl kxtrdvdmdlt, bdrjjl, ffijanke wdiipd-

pkr. Ds thk wdiipdpkr wds thkgr prgek dle fjy gt wds ljt tj ck

tjuahke cy kgthkr Sgahdre jr hgs jiekr crjthkr. Uky ajuie

ljt rgsn ikdvglm thk tkiitdik bdrns j tjuahglm egrty ffll-

Uk bkbjry wds pdgluiiy ktahke gltj thk surdak j by sngl. Ds thk sngl glmkstke thkgln-bkbjry, Sgahdre wds gl d sklsk adllgcdigske thrjumh thk rkijadtgjl j hgs cjegiybkbjry gltj by jwl gltkrgjrgty thrjumh d prjakss thdt jpkrdtks ckijw thk surdak.

Ds dl dat j ekspkrdtk prjtkst, Dbglg stgtahke aijske hgs kyks, igps dle kdrs. Uk pjigtgadi


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p p , y , p prksgstdlak j stjppglm-up hgs sklsks dle pjrtdis tj thk wjrie ajlstgtutke d suaakssuidttkbpt tj jvkrturl thk Hjbk Jfiaks ekagsgjl. Hgs hgstjry hdultke thk puciga rkskdrah ds

rkdrtgauidtke mksturks j pulaturke sngl dle stjppke-up sklsks.

Sgahdre Hdlajan dle Urdag Nkiiy, Gl k _drijur, Ljttglmhdb, 3??0. _hjtj arkegt6 Dley Nkdtk.

Uk cjleke rgak pdpkr wjuie ig thk sngl, hdvglm tj ck tummke rkk, dle adrrgke wgth gt


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mkrprglts dle stgany bdrns. Uk surdak wds tj rkbdgl gl-

tdat dle pkrkat. Uk iurk j thk glvgtglm tkxturk upjl pdpkr

kltgake Sgahdre tj sucvkrsgjl. Nljwglm thdt tjuahglm thk

wdiipdpkr wgth hgs hdles wjuie pjssgciy ikdvk d bdrn, hk

ahjsk tj bdnk ajltdat wgth thk pdpkr egkrkltiy. ]dgtglm

ultgi hgs pdrklts wjuie ikdvk thk hjusk jr wjrn, hk wjuie

rjii hgs t-shgrt dcjvk hgs shjuiekr cideks dle, kxpjsglm hgs

sngl, hk wjuie stdle wgth hgs cdan tj thk wdiipdpkr dle ruc

up dmdglst gts tkxturk, cdan tj wdii. Uk strdlmk glvgtglm sur-

dak wds d bgxke pikdsurk. Uk ffijanglm, whgah wds sigmhtiy

rdgske rjb thk pdpkr cdsk, wds thk tkxturk Sgahdre hde

ijlmke tj tjuah. Hk wds ljt egsdppjgltke. Ds gt wds rdgske

rjb thk surdak, gt wds thk fflrst tkxturk tj ajltdat hgs sngl

dle ikdvk gts gbprkssgjl. Uk wdrb, sbjjth dle vkivkty

kkiglm dmdglst hgs sngl wds daajbpdlgke cy dl grrgtdtgjl ds

thk ffijanglm disj prganike. Uk fjy wds gl thk bgxke sklsd-

tgjl, dle thk eksgrk gl thgs sucvkrsgvk dat j ajltdat wjuierksjldtk gltj uturk ykdrs.

Eurglm thk rkskdrah pkrjrbdlaks ajbbgssgjlke cy

Uk Dlmki Sjw Mdiikry thk duegklak ejldtke bdtkrgdi gl

thk jrb j shdrke bkbjrgks thdt wkrk thkl utgigske tj ek-

vkijp d urthkr pkrjrbdlak dttjj, whgah prkbgkrke dt thk

Qpgiikstgvdi, Ijlejl 3??=. Gl Uk _drijurwds dl dttkbpt

jr bk tj kbcjey Sgahdres sngl bkbjry j thk prganiy

wdiipdpkr jl hgs cdan. dttjj lkkeiks thdt bgbganke thk

prganiglkss j ffijanke wdiipdpkr wkrk uske tj glsargck by

cdan wgth thk sdbk wdiipdpkr eksgml. Uk bkbjry wds

pdgluiiy ktahke gltj thk surdak j by sngl. Ds thk sngl

glmkstke thk gln-bkbjry, Sgahdre wds gl d sklsk adllg-

cdigske thrjumh thk rkijadtgjl j hgs cjegiy bkbjry gltj

by jwl gltkrgjrgty thrjumh d prjakss thdt jpkrdtks ckijw

thk surdak6

Uk tdttjj sucstgtutks d surdak jr thk datudi surdak

j thk sngl6 cut gt ejks sj gl d wdy thdt pidys wgth thk

nljwikemk thdt thk sngl hds ckkl pklktrdtke, sglak thk

tkahlgquk j tdttjjglm gl dat rkqugrks pgmbklt tj ck

glfkatke cklkdththk surdak j thk sngl. Uus whdt dp-

pkdrs tj igk jl tjp j thk sngl, gl dat igks ckijw gt. Uk

cjey ffidults thk surdak thdt gt hds tdnkl gltj gtski ds d

skajle gltkrgjrgty. Uk dat thdt thk tdttjj gs grrkbjv-

dcik glvjivks d sgbgidriy dbcgvdiklt pidy cktwkkl glfurydle ski-ekklak.3

Qngl ds d rkpjsgtjry j kbcjegke bkbjry dle ds d

trdls/datgjldi bkbcrdlk adl ck hgmhigmhtke thrjumh thk

adsk j Dcds Dbglg, dl Grdlgdl Nuregsh pjkt skknglm dsy-

iub gl thk [N. Hk, ignk Sgahdres bkbjry, wds egspidake

dle skknglm rkumk kiskwhkrk. Gl 3??1 hk wds igvglm d aju-

pik j strkkts dwdy rjb thk tdttjj pdrijur gl thk Qlkgltjl

p p m mm trdaks j sngl akiis dle ffllk hdgr. Jlak rkk thk pdpkr-sngl wds kdtkl, glmkstke cy thk jthkr,turlglm thk cjey glsgek jut ds thk sngl surdak wds jieke gltj thk gltkrgjr ds ljurgshbklt.

Qngl ckadbk d ajlvjiutke spdak ds jutsgek wds jieke cdan gl thrjumh glmkstgjl.

drkd j Ljttglmhdb.1 Ujumh hgs cjey ckdrs kvgeklak j gltj thk hjspgtdi, thk thkdtrk, hdii j bgrrjrs dle thk whgsny


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rkpkdtke tjrturk vkrgfflke cy thk Bkegadi @juledtgjl jr thk

Adrk j Pgatgbs j jrturk, thk Hjbk J` ak hde ekageke

tj ekpjrt hgb dle skle hgb hjbk tj akrtdgl ekdth. Ds dl

dat j ekspkrdtk prjtkst, Dbglg stgtahke aijske hgs kyks, igpsdle kdrs. Uk pjigtgadi rksgstdlak j stjppglm-up hgs sklsks

dle pjrtdis tj thk wjrie ajlstgtutke d suaakssui dttkbpt tj

jvkrturl thk Hjbk J` aks ekagsgjl.5Hgs hgstjry hdultke

thk puciga rkskdrah ds rkdrtgauidtke mksturks j pulaturke

sngl dle stjppke-up sklsks.

Sgahdre sdt wgth hgs kyks skdike gl rkkrklak dle gl

rkvkrklak tj Dcds Dbglg. Ds thk duegklak gltkrdatke wgth

Sgahdre thky kxahdlmke thkgr jwl bkbjrgks jr hgs ahgie-

hjje wdiipdpkr bkbjry dle egsaijske whkrk thkgr bkbj-

rgks wkrk stjrke gl thkgr cjegks. Ds thgs tjjn pidak, jr kdah

bkbjry Sgahdre wjuie dttdah d ajbcdt tdrmkt wgth d pgl

tj hgs sngl gl thk ajrrkspjleglm pidak, sj thdt hk ajuie ck

physgadiiy dwdrk j thkgr cjegiy bkbjry wgthgl hgs jwl.

Gl Uk _drijur adl ck rkde ds d rk-fflmurdtgjl j Dbglg,

thk pkrjrbkrs, thk tdttjjgst dle thk duegklak. Sjsg Crdge-

jttg spkdns j ^rkRfflmurdtgjls thus,; @gmurdtgjls drk thkrk-

jrk pjigtgadiiy gljrbke gbdmks thdt pjrtrdy thk ajbpikx

gltkrdatgjl j ikvkis j sucfkatgvgty.0 @urthkr tj thgs, shk

stdtks, Uk cjey ds bdrn j thk kbcjegke ldturk j thk

sucfkat thus ckajbks thk sgtk j prjigkrdtglm egsajursks

dle jrbs j nljwikemk, dle j ljrbdtgvgty.=

G db rkfflmurke rjb thk drtgst whj arkdtks thk wjrn tj

thk adlvds ds d mrjule jr thk gln, ds by cdan gs prjmrks-sgvkiy tdttjjke. Sgahdre rkfflmurks Dbglg ds d ijlmhdgrke,

kbglgske, drtgst, lkmjtgdtjr, dle ds d @rkuegdl ajulskiijr,

tkdsglm jut thk glegvgeudi duegklak bkbckrs prgvdtk bkb-

jrgks. Uk puciga drk ajlfflmurke gltj duegklak bkbckrs

dle drk rkfflmurke dmdgl gltj pdtgklts dle ejljrs. Uk tdt-

tjjgst gs fflmurke ds d ardsbdl, dle rkfflmurke ds d shjwbdl

dle d hkdith prjkssgjldi gl hgs ejllglm j mijvks dle usk

j stkrgigsglm kqugpbklt. Uk tdttjj pdrijur gs rkajlfflmurke

sdijjl. Uksk buitgpik fflmurdtgjls dle rkfflmurdtgjls, whgah

Crdgejttg tkrbs pjigtgadi gbdmks, drk thk prjigkrdtgjl j

shgglm sucfkat pjsgtgjls ijdeke wgth pjtkltgdi.

Qgek Egsh

G thgln j d tgbk whkl Sgahdre ckadbk pdpkr-sngl

dle dtk sngl-pdpkr. Gt wds gl d pkrjrbdlak ekvkijpke cy

Hkdthkr [prgahdre, d juleglm bkbckr j thk Qhultaji-

ikatgvk, jr _dagttg Ajbpdlys Mrdle @gldik.8Sgahdre dle

Hkdthkr, cjth ldnke, sdt jppjsgtk kdah jthkr. Uk surdak

j thkgr sngls hde ckkl ajvkrke gl rgak pdpkr, dppigke wgth

d wdtkr bgst. Uk rgak pdpkr jl ajltdat wgth bjgsturk hde

pdrtgdiiy egssjivke, dle upjl eryglm jut hde cjleke tj thk

sngl, ckajbglm dl gltkmrdtke, ulkvkl surdak, ignk d egsjr-

ekrke sngl. Eurglm thk pkrjrbdlak thk drtgsts wjuie tdnk

gt gl turl tj pkki rjb kdah jthkr d pjrtgjl j thk sngl-pd-

pkr. Uk cjleke rgak pdpkr wjuie ig thk sngl, hdvglm tj

ck tummke rkk, dle adrrgke wgth gt trdaks j sngl akiis dle

ffllk hdgr. Jlak rkk thk pdpkr-sngl wds kdtkl, glmkstke cy

thk jthkr, turlglm thk cjey glsgek jut ds thk sngl surdak

wds jieke gltj thk gltkrgjr ds ljurgshbklt. Qngl ckadbk

d ajlvjiutke spdak ds jutsgek wds jieke cdan gl thrjumh

glmkstgjl. Ckyjle thk pkrjrbdlak, glsgek ckadbk jieke

jutsgek, ds thk sngl-pdpkr pdsske thrjumh thk egmkstgvk

trdat dle prjeuake wdstk. Uk pkrjrbdlak wds dl dcfkat

spkatdaik dle ajuie ck vgkwke ds d pkrvkrsk prgvdtk klajul-tkr j ajlsubptgjl j dljthkrs sngl.

Eksskrt

Kispkth _rjcyl wrgtks jl kdtglm sngl gl rkidtgjl tj rd-

agdi egsajursk, pdrtgauidriy hkr jwl whgtk ajijlgdi sngl gl

rkidtgjl tj hkr Dustrdigdl Dcjrgmgldi ijvkr.7Qhk pjglts tj-

wdres gltgbdtk dats j kdtglm dle kdtglm jut upjl thk sur-


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Sgahdre Hdlajan dle rdag Nkiiy, Gl Uk _drijur, Ljttglmhdb, 3??0. _hjtj arkegt6 Dley Nkdtk.

Uktdttjjke

cjey

adl ckvgkwke

ds d sgtk jljtgjldi

adllgcdigsb,cjth ds dl

glmkstglmjrmdlgsb

dle drkpjsgtjry

jrkbcjegkebkbjry.

dak j kdah jthkrs sngl. ]dinglm thrjumh Skekrl, Qye-

g L c 3??= th t _ Q

3?44 whkl thk tjy ajbpdly Bdttki idulahke thk tdttjjke

C cg e ii gt i i h e th t


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lky, gl Ljvkbckr 3??= jl thk wdy tj _krjrbdlak Qpdak

tj ej thk mkt-gl jr Jpkl ]jule GG (Mdm Skffikx), Sgahdre

dle G wgtlkss d pjigtgadi ekbjlstrdtgjl cy Skekrls mhkt-

tjgske glegmkljus glhdcgtdlts. Uk prjtkst bdrnke thk 5?th

dllgvkrsdry j thk Dustrdigdl Dcjrgmgldi rkkrkleub j

470=. Uk rkkrkleub upmrdeke thk stdtus j Dustrdigds

glegmkljus trgcks rjb Dcjrgmgldis tj pkjpik. Uk mrjup

hde prkvgjusiy ckglm adtkmjrgske ulekr thk @ijrd dle @du-

ld Dat. Hdvglm ckkl rkbjvke cy d nglmejb rjb ckglm

hubdl cy glfurgjus ljbklaidturk ajeks, gl thk auiturdi

whgtk gbdmgldry gltkrrdagdi rkidtgjlshgps ignk thdt j _rj-

cyl dle hkr ijvkr wkrk, dle sjbktgbks stgii drk, rkde dssadledijus gltkrspkagks ddgrs.4?Ds dl drtgst whj wjrns gl

dle thrjumh sngl ds bdtkrgdi dle ds d sgtk jr prjvjnglm

thjumht, G ckigkvk thkrk gs sjbkthglm tj ck rksauke rjb

suah trd` a. Qdrd Dhbke dle Fdangk Qtdaky summkst gl thkgr

wrgtglm dcjut _rjcyl thdt, Sdthkr thdl fust thglnglm j

thk jthkr ds kdtkl dle dpprjprgdtke, _rjcyl glvgtks us tj

thgln j kdtglm sngl ds thk trdlsjrbdtgjl j thk vkry cjr-

ekr cktwkkl ski dle jthkr6 kdtglm sngl trdlsjrbs thk jlk

whj kdts dle thk jlk whj gs kdtkl gl thk vkry gltgbday j

thk klajultkr.44

D`kr Egllkr

(Sktgrkbklt tj thk erdwglm rjjb6 rkffikatgjls jvkr ajkk

wgth Gbpkrgdi Bglts)

Uk tdttjjke cjey adl ck vgkwke ds d sgtk j ljtgjldi

adllgcdigsb, cjth ds dl glmkstglm jrmdlgsb dle d rkpjsg-

tjry jr kbcjegke bkbjry. Gl d wkstkrl ajltkxt gt hds trd-

egtgjldiiy jpkrdtke ds d sgtk j pjigtgadi rksgstdlak tj ejbg-

ldlt vdiuk systkbs cdske gl thk prgvgikmglm j whgtk sngl.

Aurrkltiy, tdttjjglm gs d wgekiy sjagdiiy daakptke jrb j

kxprkssgjl purijglke rjb dlagklt trgcdi prdatgaks (glaiue-

glm Kurjpk) dle ljl-wkstkrl auiturks. Lkvkrthkikss, gl

Cdrcgk ejii gt disj idulahke d urthkr rd j ajltrjvkrsy

surrjuleglm rjik bjekis jr yjulm mgris. Ugs ajuie ck

gltkrprktke ds d suctkxt rkmdreglm dl dlxgkty surrjuleglm

gltkrruptke gbdmgldtgjls j whgtklkss. Ajlvkrskiy, vgsgjlsj whgtklkss gl thk jrbs j thk [lgjl Fdan dle thk Ldzg

Qwdstgnd ajlstgtutk pjpuidr tdttjjs dbjlmst thk CL_ dle

jthkr Crgtgsh dr-rgmht ajbbulgtgks.

***

Cjrekrs drk sgtks j ajltkstdtgjl, prjlk tj rk-drrdlmk-

bklt dle egssjiutgjl. Qngl mrjws dle rklkws, jvkr tgbkhdre-kemke tdttjj eksgmls ckajbk gii-ekffllke glny idle

bdssks. Skturlglm tj thk idle j by klauiturdtgjl dle thk

pkjpik j thk eksgmls gt rdgsks thk qukstgjl j eksgmls j

dle jr jthkrlkss. Ds G wrgtk thgs drtgaik, thk CCA lkws gs

rkpjrtglm thk rksuits j thk 3?44 ajlsklsus.43Gt gs rkpjrtke

thdt thk Ijlejl rkmgjl ljw hds d whgtk bgljrgty, whgah

arkdtks d sardbcik cy thk bdgl pjigtgadi pdrtgks tj dsh-

gjl thkgr igbgtke dle igbgtglm rkspjlsks tj ajbpikx gssuks

drjule bgmrdtgjl dle jthkrlkss. Gt skkbs tgbkiy tj kle ljt

wgth by jwl wjres cut thk vjgak j dl jthkr drjule gekds

j glsargptgjl6 Gt urthkrs d ajlvkrsdtgjl drjule auiturdi

glmkstgjl whdt Mrkdt Crgtdgl hds ckajbk thrjumh gts gb-

pkrgdigst kxpijgts, whdt gs skkns tj egmkst jr kxpki gl ckajb-

glm gts ski .41

LJKQ


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57

4. Lgan Mrjjb, Uk [lgjl Fdan6 Uk Qtjry J Uk Crgtgsh @idm, Ijlejl6

Dtidltga Cjjns, 3??0

3. Qtkvkl Ajlljr, Uk Cjjn j Qngl, Ijlejl6 Skdntgjl Cjjns, 3??5, p. 01.

1. Uk puciga rkskdrah pkrjrbdlaks tjjn pidak dt E.A. dttjj Qdijjl,31 Qt. Ahrgstjphkr Qtrkkt, Qlkgltjl, Ljttglmhdb.

5. Dcds Dbglg wds glspgrke gl hgs dat gjl cy Dmhdl rkumkks skknglm

dsyiub gl Dustrdigd. D vkry crgk rkpjrt wds mgvkl gl Uk Quledy gbks

Fdludry 3?th3??3, ds jiijws6 SK@[MKKQ QK] IG_Q JMKHKS6

QKPKLW Dmhd l rkumks hdvk skwl t hkgr igps tjmkthkr dt d ektkltgjl

akltrk gl ]jjbkrd, Qjuth Dustrdigd, gl d prjtkst dcjut thk tg bk gt gs

tdnglm tj prjakss thkgr vgsd dppigadtgjls. Uk gbbgmrdlts, whj kltkrke

thk ajultry gi ikmdiiy, drk rjb d mrjup j 3=? whj drk jl hulmkr strg nk.

Uk mjvkrlbklt sdys gt wgii rkusk tj daakek tj thkgr ekbdles. Ukakltrk, gl d ekskrt 1?? bgiks rjb Dekidgek, hjusks 80? Bgeeik Kdstkrl

dle Dmhdlg dsyiub skknkrs. Jl thk 37 thj Bdy 3??1 CCA Lkws

rkpjrtke thdt Dcds Dbglg hde ckkl suaakssui gl jvkrtur lglm thk Hjbk

Jfiak ekagsgjl tj ekpjrt hgb.

;. Uk ^rkR prkfflxglm fflmurdtgjl gs by jwl deegtgjl dle kbphdsgs.

0. Sjsg Crdgejttg, Ljbdega Qucfkats6 Kbcjegbklt dle Qkxudi egkrklak

gl Ajltkbpjrdry @kbglgst Ukjry, Lkw Wjrn6 Ajiubcgd [lgvkrsgty

_rkss, 4775, p.5.

=. Gcge. p.;7.

8. _dagttg Ajbpdly, Mrdle @gldik. _krjrbke dt QhultPduits, Ijlejl. 34stDprgi 3??= ds pdrt j t hk Qpgii@kstgvdi.

7. Ke. Qdrd D hbke & Fdangk Qtdaky, Uglnglm Urjumh thk Qngl, Ijlejl,

Lkw Wjrn6 Sjutikemk, 3??4, p.87.

4?. Uk tkrb nglmejb dppigks tj d cgjijmgadi tdxjljbga rdln, whgah

skpdrdtks dlgbdis dle pidlts. Gl thk adsk j t hk glegmkljus trgcks

j Dustrdigd ckglm aidsske ds ffijrd dle duld, rdthkr thdl hubdl,

thgs gs disj dl glfurgjus gbpkrgdi dat j g bpjsglm d whgtk auiturks

aidssgffladtgjl systkb gl d egsargbgldtjry dle egskbpjwkrglm bdllkr.

44. Ke. Qdrd Dhbke & Fdangk Qtdaky, Uglnglm Urjumh thk Qngl, Ijlejl,Lkw Wjrn6 Sjutikemk, 3??4, p.44.

43. http6//www.cca.aj.un/lkws/un-3?0==;4; Daaksske 40.43.43

41. Dl kbdgi ajlvkrsdtgjl wgth Dekidgek Cdllkrbdl, glekpkleklt

aurdtjr, gl rkspjlsk tj d fflrst erd j t hgs drtgaik dcjut tdttjjglm

prdatgaks, Crgtgsh ljl-whgtklkss dle ljl-wkstkrl auiturks. 4;th

Ekakbckr 3?43

rdag Nkiiy gs dl glekpkleklt sahjidr whjsk prdatgak sigps dle nljts cktwkkl pkrjrbdlak, vgsudi dle tkxtudi idlmudmks. Hkr

pjktga dle vgsakrdi gbdmkry jpkls up d spdak jr ejuct dle qukstgjls thk stdtus j thk cjey. ]jrnglm sjij dle ajiidcjrdtgvkiy

Nkiiy dpprjdahks shdrke bdnglm thrjumh ijlk dle vgrdi jrbdtgjls. Aurrklt rkskdrah rkvjivks drjule sngl ds d sgtk j klajultkr

dle j wrgtglm. Uk spdaglms cktwkkl tjuah dle u

nyx, a noctournal – 8: skin

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