:

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Learning objectives 1.Contributors of behaviour in a typically developing

child

2. Neurological and neuropsychological basis of developmental behavioural disorders in childhood

3. Early identification of common developmental conditions: what are their core features:

4. Case sharing

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Factors that contribute to behaviour in typically developing child

2013

:

2013

(//

)

2013

2013

Chromosomal

Single gene mutation

Syndromal

Genomic imprinting

:

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Genetic: Autism

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Parenting style vs. childs behaviour

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Attachment/

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:

:

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Baduras reciprocal determination

Personal/ cognitive Factors: Beliefs; traits; emotions

/:

Environmental Reinforcers: Emotional response of others; social support

Behavior: response to failure; imitation of models

:

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Neurobiological and neuropsychological basis of

developmental behavioural disorders

2013

Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Fulbright R, et al (2013). Neural Systems for Compensation and Persistence: Young Adult Outcome of Childhood Reading Disability. Biological Psychiatry 54:25-33.

Normal Dyslexic Compensated dyslexic

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Siok WT, Perfetti CA, Jin Z & Tan LH.Nature 2004;431:76-79.

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Fear circuitry

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Maturational delay in ADHD brains

Source: NIMH Child Psychiatry Branch

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www.strattera.com 2013

Dopamine Noradrenaline Serotonin-

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http://www.drthomasebrown.com/brown_model/index.html 2013

?

2013

?

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Externalizingdisorders

Developmental Disorders

Internalizingdisorders

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Variations Problems Disorders

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Mental Retardation

Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity)

Disorder

Specific Learning Disorders

Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Specific Language Impairment

Developmental Coordination

Disorder

Gifted Development

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Trends in the Prevalence of DevelopmentalDisabilities in US Children, 19972008

Pediatrics 2011;127:10341042 2013

Adjustment problem Family problem Child abuse Anxiety Depression/ Bipolarq/

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1. Eating disorder /2. Sleep disorder 3. Oppositional defiant disorder/Conduct

disorder /4. Tourette 5. Schizophrenia 6. Susbtance abuse

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()

FING()

K

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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

/

2013

:

: 5.69 (1996) to 7.57 (2008)

: 4.2%

: 2%

: 10%

: 6%

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Core features Inattention Hyperactivity Impulsivity

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/

()

> 6

7

2013

2013

2013

2013

2013

/

Developmental Delay /Mental retardation

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Gifted Development

www.sengifted.org

2013

2013

:

/ 2013

Specific Learning Disorder

(SLD)

2013

: 1.6 1

10%

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Prevalence, gender ratio and gender differences in readingrelated cognitive abilities among Chinese children with dyslexia in Hong Kong. Educational StudiesVolume 33, Issue 2, 2007

2013

:

:

2013

2013

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Prevalence of ASD on the rise!

*Recentresearchhasindicatedthatchangesindiagnosticpracticesmayaccountforatleast25%oftheincreaseinprevalenceovertime,howevermuchoftheincreaseisstillunaccountedforandmaybeinfluencedbyenvironmentalfactors.

2009AutismSpeaksInc.AutismSpeaksandAutismSpeaksItsTimetoListen&DesignaretrademarksownedbyAutismSpeaksInc.Allrightsreserved. 2013

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Asperger Syndrome

Rett Syndrome

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Autistic Disorder

PDD-NOS NVLD

SPCD

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

1.

2.

3.

4.

Core features

2013

2013

Anxiety

2013

(Merikangas & Avenevoli, 2002)

: 6.9%

30.2% (Leung, et al., 2008)

: 8-27% (Costello et al., 2005)

,

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Types of anxiety

1.Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2.Social Phobia 3.Separation Anxiety 4.Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 5.Selective Mutism 6.Specific Phobia 7.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Triangle of anxiety

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Signs of anxiety

:

2013

2013

: 15-20%

2013

2013

(SAD)

/

2013

,

2013