open knowledge initiative phillip d. long senior strategist for the academic computing enterprise...
TRANSCRIPT
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Open Knowledge Initiative
Phillip D. LongSenior Strategist for the Academic Computing
EnterpriseMassachusetts Institute of Technology
eLearning Standards Business Stakeholder’s Group
Feb. 3, 2003
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The Problem
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The Problem
Universities and other institutions are building:
Boutique customized learning tools
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The Problem
Universities and other institutions are building:
Boutique customized learning tools
Trying to implement commercial learning systems (VLE/LMS) across heterogeneous learning domains
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The Problem
Universities and other institutions are building:
Boutique customized learning tools
Trying to implement commercial learning systems (VLE/LMS) across heterogeneous learning domains
On top of divergent underlying enterprise infrastructures
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It’s not working
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1st Generation Technology
Course Mgmt
Content Mgmt
Assessment
Etc...
Software for Teaching and For Learning
AuthN
AuthZ
DBMS File GUID
Log
Etc...
DigitalLibrariesBrowser
Environments
Simulations
RemoteDevices
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2ndGeneration Technology
Course Mgmt
Content Mgmt
Assessment
Etc...
Software for Teaching and For Learning
AuthN AuthZ DBMS File GUID Log Etc...
DigitalLibrariesBrowser
Environments
Simulations
RemoteDevices
Enterprise Services
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Assumptions
• Things Change– New Services & Functions – Method of Accessing Services – More Central Software Services
• Authorization, Calendaring, etc.
– Evolving Systems• Definitions
– Protocols and transport layers will evolve
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More Assumptions
• Enterprises have different technologies
• Enterprise systems will use different technologies
• Need for sharing will grow• Agreement beyond APIs needed for
interoperability (vocabularies, metadata, etc)
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Goals of Interoperability
What do we mean by Interoperability?
First -
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Goals of Interoperability
• Data Synchronization• Enterprise Integration• Tool/UI Integration• Application Portability• Programming Language
Integration• Inter-Enterprise Resource Sharing
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OKI Addressing
• Data Synchronization• Enterprise Integration• Tool/UI Integration• Application Portability• Language Integration• Inter-Enterprise Resource Sharing• Etc…
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Dimensions of Interoperability
Data Definitions
Technology Choices
UI/Application Frameworks
Service Definitions
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Dimensions of Interoperability
Serv
ice
Data
UI
Tech
Gov.CorpHESchool
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Open Knowledge InitiativeS
erv
ice
Data
UI
Tech
Gov.Corp.H.E.School
J
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Data SpecificationsIMS/1.X
EnterpriseApplication A
EnterpriseApplication B
Data
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OKI in a Nutshell
An ApplicationBefore O.K.I.
An ApplicationAfter O.K.I.
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Tool and Implementation Portability
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The API Approach
• API are interfaces only, not implementations
• Code reuse• Could achieve real-time integration• Clean separation or boundaries• Facilitates changes by minimizing
impact
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Common Service Level APIs
• Allows integration with enterprise services
• Adapts to multiple standards• Allows several sites to share
services• Independence from changing
technology
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Service Based Architecture
public class Factory implements org.okip.service.Example.api.Factory { private static final blah blah bhal
private static final yada yada yada } …
ExampleAPI
…org.okip.service.shared.api.Thing things = myFactory.getSomething();
if (null != thingss) { for (int i = 0; things.length != i; i++) { out.println(things[i]); System.err.println(types[i]); } } …
User Application
Implementation
Infrastructure
Service
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OKI Services
Course MgmtContent Mgmt Assessment
AuthN
Etc…
LocalIdFileDBCAuthZ Hierarchy UserMessagingLogging Etc…
Etc… Etc…
SharedObjects
EducationalService
APIs
CommonService
APIs
Educational Service Implementations
Common Service Implementations
Educational Software“MLE”
Institutional Infrastructure
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Core Institutional Partners
• Cambridge University• Dartmouth College• MIT• North Carolina State University• Stanford University• University of Michigan• University of Pennsylvania• University of Wisconsin
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Core OKI Deliverables
• Service specifications/APIs– 13 “Common Services”– 3 “Educational Services”
• Reference implementations• Exemplar applications (including
“MLE/LMS”)• Sustainability strategy
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O.K.I. Service Definition Process
0.2
0.9
1.0 draft
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Common Service API Status
• Authentication• Authorization• DBC• Logging• LocalID• Shared• Filing• Hierarchy• Localization• Group• User Messaging• Scheduling• Workflow
0.9 – Public0.9 – Public0.9 – Public0.9 – Public0.9 – Public0.9 – Public0.9 – Public0.90.90.90.50.50.5
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Educational Service API Activity
• Class Admin– Student Information Systems Integration– Approaching 0.9
• Digital Repository– Digital Library Community Engagement– Approaching 0.9
• Assessment
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OKI Application Activity• LMS’s
– Stellar – MIT– CourseWork – Stanford University– CHEF – University of Michigan– OnCourse II – Indiana University (with CHEF)
• Client Demo Apps– Filing Demo – MIT– Hierarchy Demo – MIT– User Messaging Demo – MIT– Digital Repository and Class Admin Management Apps – MIT
• Digital Library Systems– DSpace – MIT– Fedora –University of Virginia/Tufts University
• Educational Tool Development– VUE Concept Mapping Tool – Tufts University– Assessment Components – Stanford University – SCORM Player – University of Cambridge
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The Service Definition Sweet Spot
Too ConcreteToo Abstract
Protocol andData Model
ChoicesDefined
“Java”“Perl”
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O.K.I. Abstraction and Bindings
Abstract Service Definition
Emitters
Java InterfacesDocumentation
Other…
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Phase 2Phase 1
OKI General TimeLine
Jan 01 Jan 02 Jan 03 Jan 04 Jan 05 Jan 06
Initial Core Service Development Further Spec. Dev. – “Institute”
Ref. Implementations
Applications
Developer Community Coordination/Support
Core Service Maintenance/Evolution
Adopter Engagement
Vendor Engagement
Grant Funded OKI App Activity
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Data and Functional Specifications
• Data standards serve two goals– Data exchange inter/intra enterprise
• Functional specifications define behavior
• Both are needed• Agreed upon standards allows parallel
development– Above the line - in learning apps– Below the line - in enterprise technologies
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An Example
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OKI Content Repository API
• What functions do “Learning Systems” need from content repositories?
• How can we complement existing data specifications?
• Allow for a single “System of record” for an asset
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Many Repositories
IDC
iMac
I
BM
Remote
Local
IDC
Institutional
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Content Repository Goals
• Allow for reuse of assets• Allow the definition of assets to be preserved
& extended.• Easy & flexible search & access• Allow for organization & classification of assets• Maintain authorship & IP information• Allow for inheritance
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Learning Use Assumptions
• A learning system might use more than one content repository
• A Learning System needs to store many types of assets for local use
• User software tools shouldn’t care if assets are local or remote
• User software tools shouldn’t care about protocols or transport
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Many Protocols
IDC
iMac
I
BM
IDC
SOAPZ39.50
V2
HTML
Z39.50
File System
OAI
Remote
Local
Institutional
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Asset Assumptions
• Assets can contain other assets• There are many types of assets• Assets may be references• There will be different metadata structures
required for different asset types • Assets types might share sets of attributes
definitions• Assets might share sets of attributes
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Content Repositories Assumptions
• Content repositories store and retrieve assets and information about those assets (metadata structure and values).
• A content repository may store permanent or temporary assets
• Determines asset types managed• Determines metadata required for particular
asset types• Determines the search functionality supported • Content repositories have other functions not
addressed
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What is the work ahead?
Decomposition
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What is the work ahead?
Finding the right boundaries
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What is the work ahead?
Engaging in a process, not selecting an end state
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What is the work ahead?
Learning as a science– Apply formalism to describe
behavior